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Impact of tourism on the vigilance behavior of the Cyprus rock agama(Laudakia cypriaca)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 577-583页

作者： Artur GOLAWSKI Iris CHARALAMBIDOU Sylwia GOLAWSKA faculty of sciences Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesSiedlcePolandand Department of life sciences School of Life and Health SciencesUniversity of NicosiaNicosiaCyprus

Escape behavior is a common antipredator strategy among wild ***,we investigated the effect of four factors on the vigilance behavior of the endemic Cyprus rock agama(Laudakia cypriaca).Flight initiation distance(FID,the minimum distance to which an observer can approach a lizard before it flees)was measured in relation to the type of location(tourist *** area),the observer’s starting distance,air temperature,and substrate *** collected data for 39 agamas in tourist areas and 34 of these lizards in nontourist *** a whole,the mean starting distance was 10.5 m and the FID was 3.6 *** average substrate temperature was 34.0℃ and the average air temperature 29.6℃.Only the type of area affected the agamas’escape decisions with FID being 1.8 m shorter in tourist areas than in nontourist areas(2.7 m vs.4.5 m).This is probably due to the habituation of lizards to the presence of humans in the former *** study shows that tourism strongly affects the behavior of lizards,which may have consequences for the functioning of the *** can increase the safety of lizards by creating a human shield to deter *** the tourist season is over,lizards may become more vulnerable to predators.

关键词： anthropogenic disturbance flight initiation distance lizards tourism vigilance behavior

Tributyltin causes generational neurodevelopmental toxicity and the protective effect of folic acid in zebrafish

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第3期137卷 615-625页

作者： Haoxing Cai Naying Zheng Chen Tang Yuxuan Zhang Zhenghong Zuo Chengyong He State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiang’an Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Tributyltin(TBT),a common organotin environmental pollutant,may pose a threat to human development during critical early-life *** aimed to assess the neurodevelopmental intergenerational toxicity of early-life exposure to TBT and the protective effect of DNA methyl donor folic acid(FA).Specifically,after early-life exposure(1–21 days postfertilization,dpf)to TBT(0,1,10 and 100 ng/L),zebrafish(Danio rerio)were cultured in clean medium until sexual *** exposed females were mated with unexposed males to produce embryos(F1).The F1 generation were cultured(4–120 hours post-fertilization,hpf)with and without 1 mmol/L *** neurotoxic effects of early-life TBT exposure for zebrafish and their offspring(F1)were significantly enhanced anxiety and reduced aggression,decreased gene expression of DNA methyltransferase in the brain and increased serotonin levels in the ***,the intergenerational neurodevelopmental toxicity,as manifested in the F1 generation,was attenuated by FA *** summary,early-life TBT exposure led to intergenerational neurodevelopmental deficits in zebrafish,and DNA methyl donors had a protective effect on F1 neurodevelopment,which can inform the prevention and treatment of intergenerational neurotoxicity due to organotin pollutants.

关键词： Tributyltin Neurodevelopment Intergeneration DNA methylation Folic acid Zebrafish

Anthrax lethal toxin and tumor necrosis factor-a synergize on intestinal epithelia to induce mouse death

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Protein & Cell 2024年第2期15卷 135-148页

作者： Xinhe Gao Teng Teng Yifei Liu Tingting Ai Rui Zhao Yilong Fu Peipei Zhang Jiahuai Han Yingying Zhang State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Research Unit of Cellular Stress of CAMS Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen UniversityCancer Research Center of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Laboratory Animal Center Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin(LT)is a determinant of lethal *** function in myeloid cells is required for bacterial dissemination,and LT itself can directly trigger dysfunction of the cardiovascular *** interplay between LT and the host responses is important in the pathogenesis,but our knowledge on this interplay remains *** necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine induced by bacterial *** LT accumulates and cytokines,predominantly TNF,amass during *** infection,co-treatment of TNF+LT in mice was used to mimic in vivo conditions for LT to function in inflamed *** marrow transplantation and genetically engineered mice showed unexpectedly that the death of intestinal epithelial cells(IECs)rather than that of hematopoietic cells led to LT+TNF-induced *** of p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling by LT in IECs promoted TNF-induced apoptosis and necroptosis of IECs,leading to intestinal damage and mouse ***,p38a inhibition by LT enhanced TNF-mediated cell death in human colon epithelial HT-29 *** intestinal damage is one of the leading causes of lethality in anthrax patients,the IEC damage caused by LT+TNF would most likely be a mechanism underneath this clinical manifestation and could be a target for interventions.

关键词： lethal toxin TNF p38a intestinal epithelial cell cell death

The Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effect of Stachys Lavandulifolia in the Experimental Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Rat Model of Acute Seizure

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 114-120页

作者： Vahid Azizi Farzin Allahyari Abdolkarim Hosseini Department of Animal sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran

Objective:In traditional medicine,Stachys lavandulifolia or mountain tea has been used in the treatment of arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.A leaf extract from this plant is also thought to be effective in treating epilepsy as well as other neurological *** assess the effect of *** extract(SLE),rats were exposed to a stress and anxiety model caused by *** and Methods:A challenge dose of pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)(60 mg/kg)was used to induce seizures in male Wistar rats(200-250 g).Animal treated with an intraperitoneal injection of either SLE(50 mg/kg)or sodium valproate(100 mg/kg)alone or in combination 30 min before PTZ *** effect of stress and anxiety was assessed using an open field test(OFT),forced swim test(FST),and elevated plus maze(EPM).At the end of the experiment,anesthesia was used to euthanize rats,and their blood serum was collected for measurements of glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA),and GSH peroxidase(GPx).Results:In contrast to the control group,those treated with PTZ exhibited depressive *** 50 mg/kg,SLE provided protection against seizures induced by *** also reduced seizure-induced stress and anxiety,significantly improving FST,EPM,and OFT compared with the PTZ-treated *** decreasing MDA levels and restoring the antioxidant enzymes GSH and GPx,SLE treatment protects against seizure-induced anxiety and ***:SLE inhibits oxidative stress damage and seizure-induced stress by inhibiting seizures'inhibitory effects.

关键词： Anxiety behavior depression oxidative stress traditional medicine

Assessment of four different dietary amino acid profiles recommended for ISA Brown layer hens: A validation study

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 438-446页

作者： Mehdi Toghyani Shemil Macelline Juliano C.de Paula Dorigam Peter V.Chrystal Peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu School of life and Environmental sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Poultry Research Foundation The University of Sydney Evonik Operations GmbH

The current feeding study was designed to validate the two dietary essential amino acid profiles(EAAP)established based on linear broken-line(LBL) and quadratic broken-line(QBL) models, in a previous study, against Evonik(AMINOHen) and breeder recommendations for ISA Brown layers for peak production(PP, 20 to 44 weeks of age), and post peak production(post PP, 44 to 75 weeks of age). The EAAP based on LBL models on average had 19.5% and 26.0% lower digestible AA(Lys, Met + Cys, Thr, Trp, Ile and Val), than the EAAP based on QBL models for PP and post PP, respectively. The EAAP based on AMINOHen and breeder recommendation had lower digestible AA than QBL, and higher EAAP than LBL models for both production phases. At 20 weeks of age, 224 ISA Brown layer hens were weighed and randomly allocated to individual battery cages. Each of the four diets was replicated 8 times with 7 birds per replicate. Egg production was recorded daily, and egg weights were measured at the end of each week. Feed consumption was measured at the end of each period. The egg production rate was not significantly affected by the diets and remained at around 98.0%(PP) and 95.0%(post PP)(P > 0.05). Birds fed diets based on LBL recommendation consistently laid smaller eggs, resulting in a lower egg mass(59.8 vs. 62.0 g egg/hen per day during PP, and 60.3 vs. 63.0 g egg/hen per day during post PP; P 0.05). The highest feed conversion ratio(FCR) during PP(P = 0.067) and post PP(P < 0.05) was recorded for the birds offered diets based on LBL recommendation. In conclusion, all four EAAP tested in this study support an above average egg production rate. However, the EAAP based on LBL models may potentially decrease the input feed cost per kilogram of eggs but are not set to optimise FCR and maximise egg mass.

关键词： Ideal amino acid profile Regression model Egg production Egg mass

Deadwood position matters:Diversity and biomass of saproxylic beetles in a temperate beech forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 120-130页

作者： Vaclav Zumr Oto Nakladal Josef Gallo JiríRemes faculty of Forestry and Wood sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýck a 129Praha 6-Suchdol16500Czech Republic

Deadwood plays a key role for biodiversity in forests.A significant number of beetles from this group are currently listed as endangered in the Red *** addition to other management recommendations,there have been recent efforts to enrich stands with dead wood to promote *** important parameter for forestry enterprises is the optimization of these *** study investigated the abundance,species richness,gamma diversity,conservation value and biomass of saproxylic beetles in natural forests using window traps.A total of 89traps were used for saproxylic beetle monitoring,of which 29 were placed on lying logs,30 on snags and 30 as controls in forest stand space.A total of 35,011 beetles were recorded in 564 species(61 families).Notably,20,515 of these belong to saproxylic beetles(59%)in 311 species(55%),with 62 classified as Red-List species(20%).In the group of'all saproxylic beetles',the results indicate that a diversity and y diversity(q=0)remain consistent across various deadwood types,whileβdiversity showed significant *** differences were found in the Red-List species group,where a diversity and y diversity differed,with higher values observed in *** based total species richness of site was estimated to be 391 species,including 74 Red-Listed *** the sample coverage of the studied stand categories showed that all saproxylic species exhibit a pronounced preference for inhabiting areas featuring lying ***,Red-List species mainly inhabit snags,withβdiversity being more similar to snags and forest stand ***,both the conservation value(weighted average by conservation status)and beetle biomass are significantly highest in snags,whereas stand space shows the lowest values across all measured saproxylic beetle ***,the use of traps set on the poles in forest stand space resulted in an underestimation of the actual stand richness by 20%-25%.Our results support th

关键词： Snags Coleoptera Fagus sylvatica Unmanaged forests Red-list Coarse woody debris

Early response of understory vegetation to the mass dieback of Norway spruce in the European lowland temperate forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 214-225页

作者： Jan Marek Matuszkiewicz Andrzej N.Affek Piotr Zaniewski Ewa Kołaczkowska faculty of Geography and Regional Studies University of WarsawPoland Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of SciencesPoland Institute of Forest sciences Warsaw University of Life SciencesPoland

Spruce-dominated forests are commonly exposed to disturbances associated with mass occurrences of bark *** dieback of trees triggers many physical and chemical processes in the ecosystem resulting in rapid changes in the vegetation of the lower forest *** aimed to determine the response of non-tree understory vegetation to the mass dieback of Norway spruce(Picea abies)in the first years after the disturbance caused by the European spruce bark beetle(Ips typographus)*** study area was the Białowieża Biosphere Reserve covering the Polish part of the emblematic Białowieża Forest,in total 597km^(2).The main data source comprised 3,900 phytosociological relevés(combined spring and summer campaigns)collected from 1,300 systematically distributed forest sites in 2016–2018–the peak years of the bark beetle *** found that the understory responded immediately to mass spruce dieback,with the most pronounced changes observed in the year of the disturbance and the subsequent ***-tolerant forest species declined in the initial years following the mass spruce dieback,while hemicryptophytes,therophytes,light-demanding species associated with non-forest seminatural communities,as well as water-demanding forest species,*** acetosella,the most common understory species in the Białowieża Forest,showed a distinct fluctuation pattern,with strong short-term expansion right after spruce dieback,followed by a gradual decline over the next 3–4 years to a cover level 5 percentage points lower than before the ***,our study revealed that mass spruce dieback selectively affects individual herb species,and their responses can be directional and non-directional(fluctuation).Furthermore,we demonstrated that the mass dieback of spruce temporarily increases plant species diversity(α-diversity).

关键词： Forest disturbance bark beetle outbreak Picea abies Ips typographus Response of understory vegetation Herbaceous species Biaowieza Forest

Invasive weed disrupts facilitation of nutrient uptake in grass-clover assemblage

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 89-96页

作者： Wei Zhang Rick Muir Nicholas Dickinson faculty of Agriculture and life sciences Lincoln UniversityLincoln 7647New Zealand

Nutrient constraints in low-fertility soil were modified by different species ***-clover assemblages benefited both species in terms of nutrient *** of competition and facilitation is *** invasive weed removed essential nutrients from the grazing *** investigate the interplay of competition and facilitation between plants in low-fertility pasture grasslands of New Zealand,we compared nutrient uptake and acquisition of key nutrients of three species from different func-tional *** of Pilosella officinarum(mouse-eared hawk-weed,an invasive weed),Trifolium repens(white clover,a nitrogen fixer)and Dactylis glomerata(cocksfoot,a pasture grass)were planted into a soil with low-to-deficient concentrations of key *** yields were achieved by the grass growing alone but,when the clover and grass had grown together,there were complementary benefits in terms of procurement of a wide range of nutrients from soil despite lower root *** inva-sive weed negated these benefits,and soil nutrients were exploited less efficiently when Pilosella had grown alone or in a mixture with the other *** from the weed removed the benefits of grass-legume *** findings are interpreted to suggest that requirements for legumes to be the main source of nitrogen in pasture grasslands may be compromised unless competitive weeds are controlled to avoid disrupted procurement of key *** is likely these constraints to nutrient procurement would similarly impact conservation grasslands.

关键词： soil ferility facilitation species coexistence weed invasion legumes

A homing rescue gene drive with multiplexed gRNAs reaches high frequency in cage populations but generates functional resistance

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第8期51卷 836-843页

作者： Shibo Hou Jingheng Chen Ruobing Feng Xuejiao Xu Nan Liang Jackson Champer Center for Bioinformatics Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

CRISPR homing gene drives have considerable potential for managing populations of medically and agriculturally significant *** operate by Cas9 cleavage followed by homology-directed repair,copying the drive allele to the wild-type chromosome and thus increasing in frequency and spreading throughout a ***,resistance alleles formed by end-joining repair pose a significant *** address this,we create a homing drive targeting the essential hairy gene in Drosophila *** resistance alleles are recessive lethal,while drive carriers have a recoded“rescue”version of *** drive inheritance rate is moderate,and multigenerational cage studies show drive spread to 96%–97%of the ***,the drive does not reach 100%due to the formation of functional resistance alleles despite using four *** alleles have a large deletion but likely utilize an alternate start ***,revised designs targeting more essential regions of a gene may be necessary to avoid such functional *** of the rescue element’s native 3'UTR with a homolog from another species increases drive inheritance by 13%–24%.This was possibly because of reduced homology between the rescue element and surrounding genomic DNA,which could also be an important design consideration for rescue gene drives.

关键词： Genedrive Homing drive Rescueelement Population modification Multiplexed gRNAs Resistance alleles Cage study