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Contemporary Study for Detection of COVID-19 Using Machine Learning with Explainable AI

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 1075-1104页

作者： Saad Akbar Humera Azam Sulaiman Sulmi Almutairi Omar Alqahtani Habib Shah Aliya Aleryani Department of Computer Science University of KarachiKarachi75270Pakistan Department of Computing Faculty of Engineering Science and TechnologyHamdard UniversityKarachi75540Pakistan Department of Health informatics College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityQassim51452Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia

The prompt spread of COVID-19 has emphasized the necessity for effective and precise diagnostic *** this article,a hybrid approach in terms of datasets as well as the methodology by utilizing a previously unexplored dataset obtained from a private hospital for detecting COVID-19,pneumonia,and normal conditions in chest X-ray images(CXIs)is proposed coupled with Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI).Our study leverages less preprocessing with pre-trained cutting-edge models like InceptionV3,VGG16,and VGG19 that excel in the task of feature *** methodology is further enhanced by the inclusion of the t-SNE(t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding)technique for visualizing the extracted image features and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE)to improve images before extraction of ***,an AttentionMechanism is utilized,which helps clarify how the modelmakes decisions,which builds trust in artificial intelligence(AI)*** evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,both benchmark datasets and a private dataset obtained with permissions from Jinnah PostgraduateMedical Center(JPMC)in Karachi,Pakistan,are *** 12 experiments,VGG19 showcased remarkable performance in the hybrid dataset approach,achieving 100%accuracy in COVID-19 *** classification and 97%in distinguishing normal ***,across all classes,the approach achieved 98%accuracy,demonstrating its efficiency in detecting COVID-19 and differentiating it fromother chest disorders(Pneumonia and healthy)while also providing insights into the decision-making process of the models.

关键词： COVID-19 detection deep neural networks support vector machine CXIs InceptionV3 VGG16 VGG19 t-SNE embedding CLAHE attention mechanism XAI

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Assessment of SoilGrids data for soil erosion estimation at watershed scale:A case study in northern Thailand

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 797-813页

作者： Chike Onyeka MADUEKE Dhruba Pikha SHRESTHA Panagiotis NYKTAS Department of Natural Resources Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente Department of Soil Science and Land Resources management Nnamdi Azikiwe University Department of Applied Earth Sciences Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente

Soil erosion has been identified as one of the most destructive forms of land degradation, posing a threat to the sustainability of global economic, social and environmental systems. This underscores the need for sustainable land management that takes erosion control and prevention into consideration. This requires the use of state-of-the-art erosion prediction models. The models often require extensive input of detailed spatial and temporal data, some of which are not readily available in many developing countries, particularly detailed soil data. The soil dataset Global Gridded Soil Information(SoilGrids) could potentially fill the data gap. Nevertheless, its value and accuracy for soil erosion modelling in the humid tropics is still unknown, necessitating the need to assess its value vis-à-vis field-based data. The major objective of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the value of SoilGrids and field-based soil data for estimating soil loss. Soil samples were collected from five physiographic positions(summit, shoulder, back slope, foot slope, and toe slope) using the soil catena approach. Samples were collected using a 5-cm steel sample ring(undisturbed) and a spade(disturbed). Data of the landform, predominant vegetation types, canopy cover, average plant height, land use, soil depth, shear strength, and soil color were recorded for each site. The soil samples were subjected to laboratory analysis for saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, particle size distribution, and organic matter content. Pedotransfer functions were applied on the SoilGrids and field-based data to generate soil hydrological properties. The resultant field-based data were compared with the SoilGrids data for corresponding points/areas to determine the potential similarities of the two datasets. Both datasets were then used as inputs for soil erosion assessment using the revised Morgan-Morgan-Finney model. The results from both datasets were again compared to det

关键词： field-based soil data hillslope modeling pedo-transfer functions similarity assessment soil erosion modelling

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Mechanocatalysis of CO to CO_(2)on TiO_(2)surface controlled at atomic scale

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 5826-5834页

作者： Yuuki Adachi Robert Turanský Ján Brndiar Kamil Tokár Qiang Zhu Huan Fei Wen Yasuhiro Sugawara IvanŠtich Yan Jun Li Department of Applied Physics Osaka University2-1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institute of Physics Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava 84511Slovakia Institute of informatics Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava 84507Slovakia faculty of Natural Sciences University of Ss.Cyril and MethodiusTrnava 91701Slovakia Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement School of Instrument and ElectronicsNorth University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China

The common ways to activate a chemical reaction are by heat,electric current,or ***,mechanochemistry,where the chemical reaction is activated by applied mechanical force,is less common and only poorly understood at the atomic *** we report a tip-induced activation of chemical reaction of carbon monoxide to dioxide on oxidized rutile TiO_(2)(110)*** activation is studied by atomic force microscopy,Kelvin probe force microscopy under ultrahigh-vacuum and liquid nitrogen temperature conditions,and density functional theory(DFT)*** reaction is inferred from hysteretic behavior of frequency shift signal further supported by vector force mapping of vertical and lateral forces needed to trigger the chemical reaction with torque motion of carbon monoxide towards an oxygen *** reaction is found to proceed stochastically at very small tip-sample ***,the local contact potential difference reveals the atomic-scale charge redistribution in the reactants required to unlock the *** results open up new insights into the mechanochemistry on metal oxide surfaces at the atomic scale.

关键词： atomic resolution mechanochemistry atomic force microscopy Kelvin probe force microscopy density functional theory(DFT)simulation CO oxidation catalysis rutile TiO_(2)surface

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Functional thermal fluids and their applications in battery thermal management:A comprehensive review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 78-101页

作者： Xinyue Xu Keyu Weng Xitao Lu Yuanqiang Zhang Shuyan Zhu Deqiu Zou faculty of Maritime and Transportation Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211ZhejiangChina

With the increasing requirements for fast charging and discharging,higher requirements have been put forward for the thermal management of power ***,there is an urgent need to develop efficient heat transfer *** a new type of heat transfer fluids,functional thermal fluids mainly includ-ing nanofluids(NFs)and phase change fluids(PCFs),have the advantages of high heat carrying density,high heat transfer rate,and broad operational temperature ***,challenges that hinder their practical applications *** this paper,we firstly overview the classification,thermophysical prop-erties,drawbacks,and corresponding modifications of functional thermal *** NFs,the high ther-mal conductivity and high convective heat transfer performance were mainly elaborated,while the stability and viscosity issues were also *** then for PCFs,the high heat carrying density was mainly elaborated,while the problems of supercooling,stability,and viscosity were also *** this basis,the composite fluids combined NFs and PCFs technology,has been ***,the thermal properties of traditional fluids,NFs,PCFs,and composite fluids are compared,which proves that functional thermal fluids are a good choice to replace traditional fluids as ***,battery thermal management system(BTMS)based on functional thermal fluids is summarized in detail,and the thermal management effects and pump consumption are compared with that of water-based ***,the current technical challenges that parameters optimization of functional thermal fluids and structures optimization of BTMS systematically are *** the future,it is necessary to pay more attention to using machine learning to predict thermophysical properties of functional thermal fluids and their applications for BTMS under actual vehicle conditions.

关键词： Functionalthermal fluids Nanofluids Phase change fluids Battery thermal management system Thermophysical properties

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Dysprosium oxide,alumina,and graphene oxide reinforced polycaprolactone thin films:Thermal stability,morphology,and cell viability

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1337-1343,I0005页

作者： Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy Mohamed R.Atteya Mai A.Samak Mousa Abdelrahman Tahani AlMahmoud M.A.El-Morsy A.A.Menazea M.F.H.Abd El-Kader Department of Public Health College of Public Health and Health InformaticsUniversity of Ha'ilHa'il2440Saudi Arabia Food Control Department Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazig44519Egypt Department of Physical Therapy College of Applied Medical SciencesUniversity of Ha'ilHa'ilSaudi Arabia Department of Histology and Cell Biology Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazig44519Egypt College of Nursing University of Ha'ilHa'ilSaudi Arabia College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj Physics DepartmentPlasma Technology and Material Science UnitPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-kharj11942Saudi Arabia Physics Department Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DamiettaNew Damietta34517Egypt Spectroscopy Department Physics Research InstituteNational Research CentreDokki12622GizaEgypt Biophysics Department Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGizaEgypt

Developing a biomaterial for wound healing applications is still a ***,dysprosium oxide(Dy_(2)O_(3)),aluminum oxide(Al_(2)O_(3)),and graphene oxide(GO)were embedded in cast films based on polycaprolactone(PCL)to be examined for wound dressing *** techniques were used to characterize the fabricated films including X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),Raman,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),besides their biological *** thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)exhibits high thermal stability as the scaffold weight decreases slightly to 98.6%after raising the temperature from room temperature to 280℃.The cell viability was investigated and it is shown that the viable cells grow up to approximately 93%at 75μg/***,the cell attachment shows excellent behavior as the cells attach on most of the surface of the modified PCL which shows high biocompatibility.

关键词： Wound healing Polycaprolactone Dy_(2)O_(3) Al_(2)O_(3) Biocompatible Rare earths

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A unified pre-training and adaptation framework for combinatorial optimization on graphs

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第6期67卷 1439-1456页

作者： Ruibin Zeng Minglong Lei Lingfeng Niu Lan Cheng School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China School of Economics and management University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Mathematics and Statistics Central South UniversityChangsha410075China

Combinatorial optimization(CO)on graphs is a classic topic that has been extensively studied across many scientific and industrial ***,solving CO problems on graphs through learning methods has attracted great *** deep learning methods,e.g.,graph neural networks(GNNs),have been used to effectively assist the process of solving ***,current frameworks based on GNNs are mainly designed for certain CO problems,thereby failing to consider their transferable and generalizable abilities among different COs on ***,simply using original graphs to model COs only captures the direct correlations among objects,which does not consider the mathematical logicality and properties of *** this paper,we propose a unified pre-training and adaptation framework for COs on graphs with the help of the maximum satisfiability(Max-SAT)*** first use Max-SAT to bridge different COs on graphs since they can be converted to Max-SAT problems represented by standard formulas and clauses with logical *** we further design a pre-training and domain adaptation framework to extract the transferable and generalizable features so that different COs can benefit from *** the pre-training stage,Max-SAT instances are generated to initialize the parameters of the *** the fine-tuning stage,instances from CO and Max-SAT problems are used for adaptation so that the transferable ability can be further *** experiments on several datasets show that features extracted by our framework exhibit superior transferability and Max-SAT can boost the ability to solve COs on graphs.

关键词： combinatorial optimization graph neural networks domain adaptation maximum satisfiability problem

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Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time-and how this affects applications

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik J.Persson Magnus Ekstrom Sean P.Healey Zhiqiang Yang Johan Holmgren Eva Lindberg Kenneth Nystrom Emanuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal Hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson Ronald E.McRoberts Department of Forest Resource management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for ***,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of *** such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of *** this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this point of view,model-based predictors are typically ***,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being *** show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true ***,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based inference Design-based inference

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Social Radars: Finding Targets in Cyberspace for Cybersecurity

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第2期11卷 279-282页

作者： Lili Fan Changxian Zeng Yutong Wang Jiaqi Ma Fei-Yue Wang School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Science Dalian Minzu UniversityDalian 116600China State Key Laboratory for management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90024 USA IEEE State Key Laboratory for management and Control of Complex Systems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 faculty of Innovation Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China

INSPIRED by the insight from American political scientist Lasswell, who summarized the environmental role in societal surveillance [1], Schramm coined the term “social radar” [2] as it resembles the activities of radar in collecting and processing information, playing a crucial role in helping humans perceive changes in the internal and external environment and promptly adjusting adaptive behaviors.

关键词： prompt summarized insight

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Mapping urban carbon emissions in relation to local climate zones:Case of the building sector in Bangkok Metropolitan Administration,Thailand

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第3期5卷 337-347页

作者： Dararat Khamchiangta Yoshiki Yamagata faculty of Architecture Khon Kaen University123Mittraphap HighwayMueang KhonKaen DistrictKhon Kaen40002Thailand Graduate School of System Design and management Keio UniversityKyousei-kan4-1-1HiyoshiKohoku-kuYokohama223-8526Japan

This study focuses on carbon emissions of the building sector in relation to local climate zone(LCZ)classification,concentrating on two major ***,we estimated carbon emissions in the building sector,which were cal-culated for weekdays and weekends real-time daily energy consumption *** estimations were divided into direct(from petroleum products consumption)and indirect emissions(from electricity consumption).Sec-ond,we examined urban carbon emissions mapping in relation to *** Metropolitan Administration(BMA)was used as the case study and 2016 as the base year for *** results illustrate that indirect emissions in Bangkok can be up to ten times higher than direct *** analysis indicates that LCZ,such as compact high-rise,large low-rise,light industry,and warehouse zones had a relatively higher carbon emission intensity than ***,we identified that the compact high-rise zone has the highest indirect emission intensity,while the light industry and warehouse zone have the greatest direct emission *** results provide insights into the dynamics of carbon emission characteristics in the building sector and the methodology purported here can be used to support low carbon city planning and policymaking in Bangkok.

关键词： Energy consumption Carbon mapping Direct carbon emissions Indirect carbon emissions Local climate zone

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Mitigating Urban Heat Island Effects: A Review of Innovative Pavement Technologies and Integrated Solutions

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2024年第5期18卷 525-551页

作者： S.F.Ismael A.H.Alias N.A.Haron B.B.Zaidan Abdulrahman M.Abdulghani Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Central Region Heavy Civil DivisionGranite ConstructionWoodlandsTexas77381USA SP Jain School of Global management LidcombeSydneyNSW2141Australia Department of Communication Technology and Network Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia

In this review paper,we present a thorough investigation into the role of pavement technologies in advancing urban *** analysis traverses the historical evolution of these technologies,meticulously evaluating their socio-economic and environmental impacts,with a particular emphasis on their role in mitigating the urban heat island *** evaluation of pavement types and variables inﬂuencing pavement performance to be used in the multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)framework to choose the optimal pavement application are at the heart of our *** serves to assess a spectrum of pavement options,revealing insights into the most effective and sustainable *** highlighting both the existing challenges and potential innovative solutions within theﬁeld,this paper aims to offer a directional compass for future urban planning and infrastructural *** review not only synthesizes the current state of knowledge but also aims to chart a course for future exploration,emphasizing the critical need for innovative and environmentally sensitive pavement tech-nologies in the creation of resilient and sustainable urban environments.

关键词： Pavement sustainability urban heat island environmental impact of pavements innovative pavement solutions economic and social implications sustainable development in urban areas

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