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Effects of stand types on recreational preferences of society in the Sub-Alpine Zone,northern Turkey

Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第11期19卷 3246-3256页

作者： Tuğrul VAROL Halil BarışÖZEL Ferhat KARA İlkimÇAVUŞKARA Sezgin AYAN Bartın University Faculty of ForestryDepartment of Forest EngineeringBartın 74100Turkey Kastamonu University Faculty of ForestryDepartment of Forest EngineeringKastamonu 37150Turkey Kastamonu-Ilgaz Mountain National Park Directorate Kastamonu 37100Turkey

The main objective of this study was to examine how different stand types influenced the tendency of visitors for varying recreational activities(i.e.,hiking,trekking,camping and hunting)from 1993 to 2018 in the surrounding areas of Uluyayla Natural recreation Site in Bart1n,northern Turkey.A total of 627 visitors were selected on a voluntary basis,and questioned in the form of *** of the participants were in the age of 21-40 years old,and they were mostly(62.4%)*** of the participants(82.7%)lived in cities,while 62.8%of them were tourists when visiting the *** determining the preferences of the visitors regarding the stand types for different recreational activities,several images of each stand were shared with them,and they were asked which stand type they would prefer for a given recreation activity(i.e.,hiking,tracking,camping and hunting).A range of options from 1 to 5 in Likert's scale was used in evaluating the given *** degree of positive and negative effects was examined via trend *** was found that stand type had influence on the preferences of visitors regarding the recreational *** general,unmanaged and moderately treated stands were more preferred by visitors for the recreational purposes,compared to the previously managed *** the other hand,visitors'preference for the activities were different during two periods(i.e.,1993-2005 and 2006-2018).For each recreational activity,there was an increasing trend from 1993 to *** had been a continuous increase for hunting since 1996,and for trekking and camping after *** increases between 1993-1996 and 1996-1999 were likely due to the increasing awareness of the society as a result of the training and consciousness raising activities for nature *** demand on the recreational activities continuously increased in unmanaged and moderately treated stands,while no significant changes were examined in the previously managed *** st

关键词： Camping Hunting National Park recreation Subalpine Silviculture

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Analysis of temporal changes in land cover and landscape metrics of a managed forest in the west Black Sea region of northern Turkey: 1970–2010

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 139-150页

作者： Hayati Zengin Ahmet Salih Degermenci Pete Bettinger Department of Forest Management and Planning Faculty of Forestry Duzce University Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia

Forest structure changes continuously by natural and anthropogenic effects. Because the level of goods and services provided by forest ecosystems are related to this structure, some attributes have to be controlled while they are being managed. In this paper we describe the long-term temporal changes in land area and landscape metrics related to different land uses of a managed forest in Turkey. The study was carried out for the Daday Forest Planning Unit located in the west Black Sea region of northern Turkey. The total area is 16,813 ha and besides wood production, it is managed for erosion control, public health, aesthetics, and recreation. Stand type maps that were constructed in 1970,1989, 1999, and 2010 were used in this analysis. Transition matrixes that illustrate area changes among cover types and temporal changes on some landscape metrics were obtained using Geographic Information Systems. Stands were separated into small patches, and thus the number of patches increased nearly two-fold between 1970 and 2010. The total forest edge increased and through the associated fragmentation, the amount of core forest area decreased at the landscape scale. Landscape metrics were applied to digitized versions of historical maps to assess how forest area changed. Human use of the land has changed, forest management practices have evolved, and these along with natural forest growth have contributed to interesting changes in landscape character.

关键词： Landscape metrics Land cover change Temporal change Turkey

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Nature Experience, recreation Activity and health Benefits of Visitors in Mountain and Urban Forests in Vienna, Zurich and Freiburg

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第6期12卷 1551-1561页

作者： Ju-hyoung LEE Duk-jae LEE Department of Forest Resources Faculty of Natural Resources Yeungnam University Department of Forest Resources College of Life & Environmental Science Daegu University

Mountain forests are managed for various purposes. Of these, recreation, leisure, and ecotourism are increasingly gaining prominence. Yet, with the development of new techniques for creating and managing urban forests, the perception of the public with regard to mountain forests and such urban forests is narrowing. For the purpose of this study, eight mountain forests and urban forests located in Zurich(Switzerland), Vienna(Austria) and Freiburg(Germany) were shortlisted. These places are renowned for their well-functioning management of mountain forests and creation of urban forests. As the study was to focus on the comparison of the perceptions of visitors in terms of their satisfaction in urban and mountain forests, the interview covered the following questions:(i) how satisfactory was the nature experience;(ii) how satisfactory were the outdoor recreational activities;(iii) whether the nature experiences influenced the mental and physical health of visitors. Responses thus received for each of the mountain forests and urban forests were assessed, with the total number of respondents being 247. Tourists visiting the selected areas were randomly chosen for a one-on-one interview survey. Results of the survey show that there is a clear perceptions of visitors differed between urban and mountain forests. However, the gap is insignificant or almost nonexistent with respect to satisfaction level of outdoor recreational activities and health benefits. These results are contrary to the findings of previous studies, which argued that the natural landscape of mountain areas is superior to other artificially built green spaces. Visitors did not perceive significant differences in outdoor recreational activities and health effects between the two spaces.

关键词： Europe Satisfaction Outdoor recreation Interview survey Preference

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CONCENTRATIONS OF Cd, Cu AND Zn IN SEDIMENTS COLLECTED FROM URBAN LAKES AT KELANA JAYA, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

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湿地科学 2004年第4期2卷 248-258页

作者： Ahmad Ismail Chee Kong YAP Fong Fei Chan Department of Biology Faculty of Science Universiti Putra MalaysiaDepartment of Biology Faculty of Science Universiti Putra MalaysiaDepartment of Biology Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM 43400 Serdang Selangor MalaysiaUPM 43400 Serdang Selangor MalaysiaUPM 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia

Kelana Jaya Municipal Park is a popular recreation park in Petaling Jaya. The five lakes, located within the Park, were ex-mining ponds, functioning as flood retention ponds and receiving effluents from nearby human activities mainly from residents and transportation. A study was conducted to determine the distribution and sources of heavy metals (Cd, Cu and Zn) in the sediments of Kelana Jaya Lakes. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn for surface sediment were determined by using aqua-regia method and sequential extraction technique. Total Cd concentrations ranged from 0.48 μg/g to 2.68 μg/g dry weight (dw) for all lakes. Total Cd concentrations in sediment of all lakes exceeded CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 2001) guidelines. Total Cu concentrations ranged from 7.37 μg/g to 73.6 μg/g (dw). Only Cu concentration in one lake exceeded the CCME guidelines besides having the highest mean concentration among all. Total Zn concentrations ranged from 107 μg/g to 529 μg/g (dw). Again, The Zn concentrations in three lakes were found to exceed CCME guidelines for Zn concentration in freshwater sediment. Geochemical study on sediment revealed that nonresistant fractions for Cd, Cu and Zn for other lakes there were higher than ‘resistant’ fraction. The elevated levels and most percentages (>50%) of nonresistant fractions of Cu and Zn indicated that lakes in the park, especially near oxidation pond and monsoon drains, could have received anthropogenic metals from domestic wastes. Rehabilitation program and regular biomonitoring at Kelana Jaya Lakes are therefore recommended.

关键词： Cd Cu Zn 沉积物湖泊重金属马来群岛环境污染

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Nurses/Midwifery Trainees’Knowledge,Attitudes and Utilisation of HIV Testing/Counselling Service in the Central Region of Ghana

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Journal of health Science 2018年第6期6卷 449-460页

作者： Francis Sambah Thomas Hormenu Bright Opoku Ahinkorah John Elvis Hagan Jr Thomas Schack Department of health Physical Education and RecreationUniversity of Cape CoastPrivate Mail BagCape CoastGhana Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group Faculty of Psychology and Sport SciencesBielefeld UniversityBielefeld33501Germany

Background and purpose:Despite HIV testing and counselling(HTC)being recognized as important elements of any effective prevention,detection,care,and management programmes across many societies as part of their primary health care package,it is surprising that research evidence on related issues,especially in developing countries like Ghana is *** study examined the extent of knowledge,attitudes and utilisation of HIV testing,and counselling services among trainee nurses of the public nursing and midwifery training colleges in the Central Region of *** and results:A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed to collect data from 375 nursing and midwifery students using multistage sampling *** showed that students’HTC knowledge was high(85%)whereas attitudes toward HTC were rated positive(95%).However,HTC utilisation was low(47%).Further results revealed a statistically significant difference between class level and HTC utilisation(χ2[1,N=375]=14.263,p=0.000).In contrast,no statistically significant differences in student nurses’class level and HTC knowledge(χ2[1,N=375]=0.624,p=0.475)as well as class level and attitudes toward HTC services(χ2[1,N=375]=2.334,p=0.158)were ***:The low HTC utilisation among the student nurses may potentially lead to missing opportunities for early diagnoses,care,treatment,and support services for primary,secondary or tertiary prevention *** of programmes by college authorities on the importance of HTC and the need for student nurses to utilise these services is crucial.

关键词： HTC knowledge attitude utilisation nurses midwives Ghana.

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Forest structure and woody plant species composition after a wildfire in beech forests in the north of Iran

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 255-262页

作者： Mohammad Naghi Adel Hassan Pourbabaei Ali Omidi Daniel C Dey Facultad de Department of Forestry Natural Resources Faculty University of Guilan Department of Forestry Natural Resources Office USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 202 Natural Resources Building

Beech （Fagus orientalis Lipsky） forest covers about 565,000 ha of land in Guilan province, north of Iran and forms a major carbon pool. It is an important economic, soil protection and recreation resource. We studied long-term effects of fire on the structure and composition 37 years after fire occurrence in these forests. To do this research, we selected 85 ha burned and 85 ha unburned beech forests）. The results indicated that the fire had not changed the overall uneven-aged structure, but it changed forest composition from pure stands to mixed stands that now include species such as Carpinus betulus, Acer cappadocicum and Alnus subcordata. The density of trees and regeneration was significantly increased, while the density of shrubs significantly decreased. The main reasons for increased tree regeneration were attributed to （1） reduction of litter depth, and （2） increase in available light from opening of the canopy and reduction in shrub competition. It is apparent that the forest is on a path to return to its natural state before the fire after 37 years.

关键词： fire structure composition regeneration beech forest Guilan Province

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A 10-Year Survey of Severe Eye Injuries in Sport in Belgrade,Serbia 2000-2009

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2013年第3期3卷 93-96页

作者： Milos Jovanovic Dragan Vukovic Vesna Jaksic Miroslav Knezevic Lepsa Zoric Milos Mirkovic faculty of Medicine University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia faculty of Medicine University of Kosovska MitrovicaKosovska MitrovicaSerbia

Introduction: The eye injuries inflicted in different sport activities are relatively rare and depend upon the type of sport. They are more common in recreational sport activities. These injuries are generally minor but may be very severe and result in permanent vision impairment. One must be aware of the fact that these sport activities, either recreative or professional, are exercised by young people. Methods: All analyzed patients were hospitalized at the Clinic of Eye Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, for severe eye injuries which occurred in sport activities. The analyzed period included 10 years, from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2009. Results: In this period, a total of 117 patients with eye injuries sustained in some of sport activities were hospitalized. There were 114 (97.5%) injured males. Mean age of the injured was 25.8 years, and there were no individuals older than 50 years of age. Closed eyeball injures were reported in 96.6% and open injuries were seen in the remaining 3.4% of cases. During recreational sports, the eye injuries occurred in 76.1%, in the school—19.6%, and in professional sport—4.3% of the time. The injured individuals were as follows: pupils—35.0%, students—17.9%, workers—22.2%, clerks—20.6% and professional players—4.3% of cases. Upon completed treatment, visual acuity was normal in 77.8%, subnormal in 16.2%, impaired in 3.4% and amaurosis in 2.6% of cases.

关键词： Eye Injuries Sport Activities recreation Eye Protection

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Peri-urban greenspace spatial pattern evolved in ecological response to locally mountainous context:A case study in TaiYuan District,Baoji city,China

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西部人居环境学刊 2016年第S1期 53-64页

作者： Zhong Xing Xizi Tang faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning Chongqing University

Urban area is deeply influenced by conditions of the surrounding peri-urban greenspaces,which provides considerable insight into the spatial structure,functional performance,ecological quality and the potential planning of urban area as a ***,peri-urban area is suffering from the extensive engulftnent on the ramification of valuable *** topic would be unfolded in conjunction with the planning of a major portion of peri-urban area of Baoji city in China,and it specifically illustrates how to bring the recognition into planning practice in the following five major topics that are progressively built on symbiotic relationship:1) environmental degradation and the role of peri-urban greenspace on citywide level,2) integrated land-use pattern including built and unbuilt land,3) greenspaces pattern and improvement of hill-slope transitional ecosystem,4) recreation and urban development opportunity,and 5) urban agriculture and rural *** research highlights stewardship of all land and functioning land-use integrity of built and unbuilt land as a whole.

关键词： Peri-urban area Greenspace pattern Mountainous context Integrated planning Ecological response

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Examining the Level of Service in the Context of recreational Carrying Capacity in the Erzurum Urban Forest,Turkey

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第9期6卷 1014-1028页

作者： Tendu Hilal Goktug Nalan Demircioglu Yildiz Metin Demir Burcu Mestav Department of Landscape Architecture Agriculture FacultyAdnan Menders UniversitySouth CampusAydinTurkey Department of Landscape Architecture Architecture and Design FacultyAtaturk UniversityErzurumTurkey Department of Statistic Arts and Sciences FacultyCanakkale on Sekiz Mart UniversityTerzioglu CampusCanakkaleTurkey

Urban forests are confronted with high using pressure because of the increasing demand for recreation and accessibility of these settings. For that purpose, defining and managing recreational carrying capacity is considered as significant in ensuring ecological value’s and recreational satisfaction’s continuity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the carrying capacity of Erzurum Urban Forest with respect to Level of Service (LOS) as a new management technique that focuses on service quality and visitor satisfaction. The data were obtained by self-administered questionnaire conducted with 166 visitors on weekends and holidays during summer season of the year 2014. Data were analyzed by dimensions/indicators of recreational satisfaction and socio-demographic characteristics with intent to identify tolerance range of visitors. The contribution and relative importance of each of the indicators to the overall satisfaction were analyzed by using Ordinal Logistic Model (OLM). The results indicated that the four indicators were at the greatest degree;“distance from picnic spot to toilets” and “quantity of children’s playground facilities” were decease of overall satisfaction while “distance from picnic spot to parking” and “level of shade at picnic spot” had a positive contribution to the overall satisfaction. The outputs from these analyses were used to calculate LOS. It was revealed that the level of service (0.40) in Erzurum Urban Forest was below the moderate level. Planning and managing strategies for optimizing the LOS were developed and discussed by considering these results.

关键词： recreational Carrying Capacity Level of Service Visitor Satisfaction recreation Planning and Management Erzurum Urban Forest

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Status, Potentials and Constraints of Green Infrastructure of Malaysia: Case Study of Kuala Lumpur City

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Chinese Forestry Science and Technology 2005年第1期4卷 35-42页

作者： AMAT RAMSA Y ADNAN M faculty of Forestry University Putra MalaysiaForest Research Institute Malaysia

Green infrastructure is classic public goods which can be utilized by everybody simultaneously atany time of the day. Green infrastructure which is the interconnected system of green spaces that conservesnatural ecosystem values and functions, sustains clean air and water, not only provide a pleasant and naturalenvironment but also contribute to improving quality of life in urban areas. In other words green infrastructureis the communitys natural life support system and the ecological framework needed for environmental andeconomic sustainability in urban areas. Within this context, this paper offers an overview of green infrastructuredevelopment in Malaysia, its status, constraint, potential and future directions. The case study of KualaLumpur city, which is one of the fastest growing cities in the country, highlights the scenario of urban areasdevelopment in Malaysia. This includes the role played by the government agencies and non-governmentorganizations in developing and promoting forest areas as public parks. The provisions of recreational andeducational facilities in the parks as well as the protection measures of the resources undertaken by relevantauthorities are also discussed. This paper also highlights the response of the public to the opportunities beingprovided in these areas for recreation and education purposes.

关键词： green infrastructure green hub link tree panting public parks recreation opportunities

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