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Quaternary integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第4期67卷 1360-1394页

作者： Yong WANG Mianping ZHENG Yuan LING Shuyuan XIANG Zhaogang SHAO Kexin ZHANG Xue KE Xiao LIN Fang HAN Jian’en HAN Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China faculty of Earth sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Chinese Academy of geological sciences Beijing 100037China Institute of geological Survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Earth sciences East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China

The Quaternary strata on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau contain rich information about the paleoclimate and environmental evolution,record the evolution process of the Quaternary regional tectonics,paleogeography,and geomorphology of the plateau,and are extremely important areas for studying the Quaternary geological events and regional environmental *** to a comprehensive analysis of the regional stratigraphic data and the development and evolution characteristics of the biota,based on the differences in the lithostratigraphic units,sedimentary characteristics,landforms,and drainage systems,the Quaternary strata on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas are divided into five stratigraphic regions:the Tarim region,Loess Plateau region,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region,Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region,and India-Ganges *** Qinghai-Tibet Plateau stratigraphic region is divided into seven stratigraphic sub-regions:the West Kunlun-Karakorum,AltunQilian Mountains,Qaidam-Hehuang,East Kunlun-Bayan Har,Qiangtang,East Xizang-West Yunnan-West Sichuan,and Gangdise-Himalayan *** paper briefly describes the lithostratigraphic units of the seven stratigraphic sub-regions of the Qinghai-Tibet *** to the lithostratigraphic sequence and its sedimentary characteristics,stratigraphic contact relationship,formation age,and evolution of the biota in each stratigraphic sub-region,the Quaternary tectonic paleogeographic evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is divided into four stages.(1)The inherited differential uplift stage since the Pliocene(2.6-1.8/1.5 Ma):the regional sedimentary differences were significant,and the stratigraphic distribution was limited,the alluvial-proluvial sandy conglomerate was widely developed along the piedmont,and fluvial and lacustrine deposits were developed in the low-lying areas between the mountains.(2)The mountain range flattening stage(1.8/1.5-1.2/0.8 Ma):the erosion unconformity surfaces around the pl

关键词： Quaternary stratigraphic sedimentary

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Scree conglomerate and its derivatives in the Upper Cretaceous Kallankurichchi Limestone,Ariyalur Group,Cauvery Basin,South India

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 495-508页

作者： Shilpa Srimani Department of geological sciences Jadavpur UniversityKolkata700032India

The repetitive influx of coarse clastics of mixed composition,siliciclastics and carbonates,locally common in the lower part of the Upper Cretaceous marine Kallankurichchi Limestone specifies a resurgence of tectonic unrest in the Cauvery rift basin,*** basin-margin scree and its derivatives elicit diverse modes of emplacement and differ in many ways from denoting it only as basal *** study meticulously reveals the depositional history of these basin-margin coarse *** scree conglomerate bodies are wedge-shaped in appearance and often have flat,eroded *** places,their surfaces,tops and flanks,are encrusted with Inoceramus although internally,they are mostly *** are clast-supported and extremely poorly sorted,having interstitial spaces filled by sand-sized grains at the basal *** clasts can be traced into the underlying Sillakuddi Sandstone and the granitic *** clasts derived from the sandstone are angular and measure up to 60 cm in length,while the basement-derived clasts dominate the smaller(maximum diameter measured 5 cm)and more rounded *** elongated clasts are chaotically arranged,even oriented sub-vertically,reclining on other *** lowermost scree conglomerate has a sharp base,and the pebbles sunk into the underlying sandstone,although no discernible impact laminae wrapping their bottom were ever ***,the scree fans were initiated under the sea,which permitted the slow sinking of assorted rock fragments dropped from *** sporadic occurrence of marine fossils further corroborates this *** scree conglomerates at different stratigraphic levels transitioned laterally into conglomerates of mass flow origin and then to massive calcarenite,together forming wedge-shaped *** initial alignment of clasts parallel to bedding transforms to a chaotic alignment representing the transition from internally sheared flow to debris flow and associated ***

关键词： Scree conglomerate Kallankurichchi Limestone Tectonic subsidence Flow transformation Cauvery Basin

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Quaternary integrative stratigraphy, biotas, and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年

作者： Yong WANG Mianping ZHENG Yuan LING Shuyuan XIANG Zhaogang SHAO Kexin ZHANG Xue KE Xiao LIN Fang HAN Jian'en HAN Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences School of Earth sciences East China University of Technology Chinese Academy of geological sciences Institute of geological Survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences faculty of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences

The Quaternary strata on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau contain rich information about the paleoclimate and environmental evolution, record the evolution process of the Quaternary regional tectonics, paleogeography, and geomorphology of the plateau, and are extremely important areas for studying the Quaternary geological events and regional environmental *** to a comprehensive analysis of the regional stratigraphic data and the development and evolution characteristics of the biota, based on the differences in the lithostratigraphic units, sedimentary characteristics, landforms, and drainage systems, the Quaternary strata on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas are divided into five stratigraphic regions: the Tarim region, Loess Plateau region, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, and India-Ganges region. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau stratigraphic region is divided into seven stratigraphic sub-regions: the West Kunlun-Karakorum, AltunQilian Mountains, Qaidam-Hehuang, East Kunlun-Bayan Har, Qiangtang, East Xizang-West Yunnan-West Sichuan, and Gangdise-Himalayan sub-regions. This paper briefly describes the lithostratigraphic units of the seven stratigraphic sub-regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to the lithostratigraphic sequence and its sedimentary characteristics, stratigraphic contact relationship, formation age, and evolution of the biota in each stratigraphic sub-region, the Quaternary tectonic paleogeographic evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is divided into four stages.(1) The inherited differential uplift stage since the Pliocene(2.6–1.8/1.5 Ma): the regional sedimentary differences were significant, and the stratigraphic distribution was limited,the alluvial-proluvial sandy conglomerate was widely developed along the piedmont, and fluvial and lacustrine deposits were developed in the low-lying areas between the mountains.(2) The mountain range flattening stage(1.8/1.5–1.2/0.8 Ma): the erosion u

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Multistate transition and coupled solideliquid modeling of motion process of long-runout landslide

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2694-2714页

作者： Yang Gao Yueping Yin Bin Li Han Zhang Weile Wu Haoyuan Gao Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyBeijing100081China Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and geological Safety Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing100081China China Institute of geological Environment Monitoring China Geological SurveyBeijing100081China School of geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China

The recognition,repetition and prediction of the post-failure motion process of long-runout landslides are key scientific problems in the prevention and mitigation of geological *** this study,a new numerical method involving LPF3D based on a multialgorithm and multiconstitutive model was proposed to simulate long-runout landslides with high precision and *** following results were obtained:(a)The motion process of landslides showed a steric effect with mobility,including gradual disintegration and *** sliding mass can be divided into three states(dense,dilute and ultradilute)in the motion process,which can be solved by three dynamic regimes(friction,collision,and inertial);(b)Coupling simulation between the solid grain and liquid phases was achieved,focusing on drag force influences;(c)Different algorithms and constitutive models were employed in phase-state *** volume fraction is an important indicator to distinguish different state types and solid‒liquid *** flume experimental results were favorably validated against long-runout landslide case data;and(d)In this method,matched dynamic numerical modeling was developed to better capture the realistic motion process of long-runout landslides,and the advantages of continuum media and discrete media were combined to improve the computational accuracy and *** new method can reflect the realistic physical and mechanical processes in long-runout landslide motion and provide a suitable method for risk assessment and pre-failure prediction.

关键词： Long-runout landslide Multistate transition Mixed solid‒liquid flow Post-failure process Numerical simulation

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Substrate control in track registration and preservation:insights across the Triassic—Jurassic boundary in southern Africa

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 351-371页

作者： Loyce Mpangala Miengah Abrahams Emese M.Bordy Department of geological sciences University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa

Tracks registration is influenced by the dynamic interplay between the pedal anatomy of the trackmaker,its behaviour,and the substrate conditions it interacts *** in substrate conditions,especially those linked to grain size and moisture content,often result in the most dramatic variations in track *** the upper Stormberg Group,main Karoo Basin of southern Africa,diverse trace fossils,primarily comprising Late Triassic—Early Jurassic dinosaur tracks,are *** studies have extensively documented individual ichnosites,investigating variations between sites over time,with recent studies suggesting that track abundance and anatomical fidelity increase *** the well-established link between substrate and track morphology,past studies have not specifically focused on substrate conditions,often emphasizing macro-sedimentary features ***,we examine the micro-sedimentary features of track-bearing units in the upper Stormberg Group using petrographic techniques to better understand the palaeosubstrate and its effect on fossil track registration and *** analysis revealed that very fine-grained sandstones and substrates modified by microbial activity tend to preserve tracks with greater abundance and/or higher anatomical ***,the prevalence of very fine-grained and microbially modified strata,and their associated track trends increases in younger stratigraphic *** the Triassic—Jurassic boundary in southern Africa,a boom in dinosaur track abundances is observed and credited to the proliferation of dinosaur populations during the Early *** findings,however,suggest that the observed local increase in track abundance(and anatomical fidelity)up-stratigraphy may be linked to substrate composition differences,which were ultimately controlled by large-scale changes in the palaeoenvironment from high-energy meandering fluvial to lower-energy aeolian-lacustrine settings in the L

关键词： Dinosaur tracks Footprint anatomical fidelity Micro-sedimentary features Substrate conditions Track registration Palaeoenvironmental context

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Phanerozoic Tectonic Evolution,Metallogenesis and Formation of Mineral Systems in China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第4期98卷 819-842页

作者： CHEN Xuanhua HAN Lele DING Weicui XU Shenglin TONG Ying ZHANG Yiping LI Bing ZHOU Qi WANG Ye SinoProbe Laboratory Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

The continental Asia is mainly composed of three major tectonic regimes,the Tethys,Paleo Asian Ocean,and West *** underwent multi-stage plate convergences,ocean-continent transformations,and subductions,collisions and/or collages,and post collisional(orogenic)extensions in *** evolution of the Asia brings up a unique fault system and tectonic geomorphological features in the China's ***,it provides a geodynamic background for the formation and evolution of metallogeneses and mineral systems,resulting in nonuniform distribution of tectono-metallogenic systems and metallogenic *** spatiotemporal distribution of mineral deposits in China and adjacent areas exhibits periodic variation under controlling of the full life Wilson cycle and tectonic evolution,forming the plate convergence-related mineral system in East *** Cu deposits are mainly related to compressional systems in Paleozoic and early Mesozoic,and more closely related to post-collision extensional settings in late Mesozoic and *** Au deposits mainly formed in post-orogeny extensional *** rock related rare earth element deposits formed mainly at margins of the North China and Yangtze ***-pegmatite Li and other rare metal deposits formed mainly in early Mesozoic,related to Indosinian post-orogeny ***-metallogenic systems provide important basis for the prospecting of mineral resources.

关键词： tectonic evolution geodynamic system post-orogenic extension metallogenesis tectono-metallogenic system East Asia

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Geochemical and Isotopic Techniques Constraints on the Origin,Evolution,and Residence Time of Low-enthalpy Geothermal Water in Western Wugongshan,SE China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 801-818页

作者： WANG Luyao LIU Kai MA Yan ZHANG Yaoyao TONG Jue JIA Wuhui ZHANG Shouchuan SUN Junliang Chinese Academy of geological sciences Beijing 100037China School of Water Resources and Environment China University of Geoscience(Beijing)Beijing 100083China The Fourth geological Brigade of Jiangxi geological Bureau PingxiangJiangxi 337000China

Geothermal resources are increasingly gaining attention as a competitive,clean energy source to address the energy crisis and mitigate climate *** Wugongshan area,situated in the southeast coast geothermal belt of China,is a typical geothermal anomaly and contains abundant medium-and low-temperature geothermal *** study employed hydrogeochemical and isotopic techniques to explore the cyclic evolution of geothermal water in the western Wugongshan region,encompassing the recharge origin,water-rock interaction mechanisms,and residence *** results show that the geothermal water in the western region of Wugongshan is weakly alkaline,with low enthalpy and mineralization *** hydrochemistry of geothermal waters is dominated by Na-HCO_(3)and Na-SO_(4),while the hydrochemistry types of cold springs are all Na-HCO_(3).The hydrochemistry types of surface waters and rain waters are NaHCO_(3)or Ca-HCO_(3).The δD and δ^(18)O values reveal that the geothermal waters are recharged by atmospheric precipitation at an altitude between 550.0 and 1218.6 *** ratios of maj or solutes and isotopic compositions of^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr underscore the significant role of silicate weathering,dissolution,and cation exchange in controlling geothermal water ***,geothermal waters experienced varying degrees of mixing with cold water during their ***δ^(13)C values suggest that the primary sources of carbon in the geothermal waters were biogenic and ***δ^(34)S value suggests that the sulfates in geothermal water originate from sulfide minerals in the surrounding *** dating using 3H and^(14)C isotopes suggests that geothermal waters have a residence time exceeding 1 kaBP and undergo a long-distance cycling process.

关键词： geothermal water hydrochemistry isotope residence time Wugongshan area

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Characterization and spatial analysis of coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake in the Xianshuihe fault zone, Southwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 160-181页

作者： GUO Changbao LI Caihong YANG Zhihua NI Jiawei ZHONG Ning WANG Meng YAN Yiqiu SONG Deguang ZHANG Yanan ZHANG Xianbing WU Ruian CAO Shichao SHAO Weiwei Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and geological Safety Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China Research Center of Neotectonism and Crustal Stability China Geological SurveyBeijing 100081China School of Earth sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Sichuan Institute of geological Survey Chengdu 610081China

On September 5, 2022, a magnitude Ms 6.8 earthquake occurred along the Moxi fault in the southern part of the Xianshuihe fault zone located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,resulting in severe damage and substantial economic loss. In this study, we established a coseismic landslide database triggered by Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake, which includes 4794 landslides with a total area of 46.79 km^(2). The coseismic landslides primarily consisted of medium and small-sized landslides, characterized by shallow surface sliding. Some exhibited characteristics of high-position initiation resulted in the obstruction or partial obstruction of rivers, leading to the formation of dammed lakes. Our research found that the coseismic landslides were predominantly observed on slopes ranging from 30° to 50°, occurring at between 1000 m and 2500 m, with slope aspects varying from 90° to 180°. Landslides were also highly developed in granitic bodies that had experienced structural fracturing and strong-tomoderate weathering. Coseismic landslides concentrated within a 6 km range on both sides of the Xianshuihe and Daduhe fault zones. The area and number of coseismic landslides exhibited a negative correlation with the distance to fault lines, road networks, and river systems, as they were influenced by fault activity, road excavation, and river erosion. The coseismic landslides were mainly distributed in the southeastern region of the epicenter, exhibiting relatively concentrated patterns within the IX-degree zones such as Moxi Town, Wandong River basin, Detuo Town to Wanggangping Township. Our research findings provide important data on the coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake and reveal the spatial distribution patterns of these landslides. These findings can serve as important references for risk mitigation, reconstruction planning, and regional earthquake disaster research in the earthquake-affected area.

关键词： Luding earthquake Coseismic landslides Remote sensing interpretation Spatial distribution Xianshuihe fault Earthquake fault

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Triassic integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第4期67卷 1152-1194页

作者： Guichun WU Zhansheng JI Gary GLASH Qinggao ZENG Jianxin YAO Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology Ministry of Natural ResourcesInstitute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China SinoProbe Laboratory Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100094China Department of Geology and Environmental sciences State University of New York-FredoniaFredoniaNY 14063USA Xizang Autonomous Region geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Burea Lhasa 850010China

Rocks of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)host abundant Triassic *** far,the well established marine fossil sequences based on ammonoids,conodonts,bivalves,brachiopods,radiolarians,and terrestrial spora-pollen sequence have become standard for biostratigraphic correlation of the *** much of Triassic time,the QTP occupied a marine setting as suggested by the dominance of marine *** main sedimentary types represented in the Triassic successions include littoral to shallow marine clastic rocks,shallow marine carbonate platform carbonates,bathyal to abyssal slope carbonates intercalated with clastic and siliceous deposits,coal-bearing clastic strata contained within paralic facies deposits,and littoral and terrestrial volcaniclastic *** deposits are organized into four stages in ascending order:(1)Early Triassic deposits that record marine transgression,including extensive shallow marine carbonate platform strata.(2)Middle Triassic Ladinian to Late Triassic Carnian deposits,including thin-bedded limestone,fine clastics,and siliceous rocks,that accumulated at greater depths than underlying Early Triassic strata and reflect the peak of the *** activity appears to have occurred in some areas during this stage.(3)Late Triassic Norian deposits that record the onset of marine regression as suggested by the widespread occurrence of platform *** is noteworthy that stage 3 deposits of the Qin-Qi-Kun area in the northernmost region of the QPT is dominated by terrestrial strata and displays evidence of local erosion.(4)Late Triassic Rhaetian littoral and shallow marine clastic and coal-bearing deposits that preserve the record of continued marine regression *** Indus-Yarlungzangbo Suture Zone(IYSZ)appears to have been the rifting axis during Triassic time as suggested by sedimentary facies trends that reflect deepening to south and ***,the Himalaya Block to the south of the IYSZ was part of the passive margin

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Triassic Biostratigraphy Lithostratigraphy Palaeobiogeography Sedimentary palaeogeography

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Zircon U-Pb ages in the Nuratau ophiolitic mélange in the southern Tianshan,Uzbekistan:Implication for the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean

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China Geology 2024年第2期7卷 365-368,I0004-I0007页

作者： Kai Weng Ji-fei Cao Divayev-Farid Karibovich Jahongir-Jurabekovich Movlanov Bo Chen Zhong-ping Ma Xi’an Center of geological Survey China Geological SurveyXi’an 710119China The Center for Geoinnovation Technologies Doctor of sciences in Geology and Mineralogy University of Geological ScienceTashkent 100060Uzbekistan

*** The Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB),which is located between the European craton,Siberian craton,and Tarim-North China craton(Fig.1a),is the largest phanerozoic accretionary orogen in the *** resulted from the longterm subduction and accretion of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO).The PAO has been in existence since at least the late Mesoproterozoic(about 1020 Ma).However,there has been debate about the closing time of the PAO.

关键词： Asian Paleo Tianshan

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