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Vlammals and habitat disturbance： the case 3f brown hare and wildfire

Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 421-430页

作者： Christos Sokos Periklis BIRTSAS Konstantinos G. PAPASPYROPOULOS Efstathios TSACHALIDIS Alexios GIANNAKOPOULOS Chrysostomos MILLS Vassiliki SPYROU Katerina MANOLAKOU George VALIAKOS Christos IAKOVAKIS Labrini V. ATHANASIOU Athanasios SFOUGARIS Charalambos BILLINIS Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Thessaly 43100 Karditsa Hellas Greece Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly Larissa Hellas Greece Research Division Hunting Federation of Macedonia and Thrace Ethnikis Antistasis 173-175 55134 Thessaloniki Hellas Greece Laboratory of Wildlife Department of Forestry and Management of Natural Environment Technological Institute of Thessaly Karditsa Hellas Greece Laboratory of Hunting management Department of Forestry and Environmental Management Democritus University of Thrace Orestiada Hellas Greece Ministry of Rural Development and Foods Feed Stuff Control Laboratory of Thessaloniki Thermi Thessaloniki Hellas Greece Department of Animal Husbandry and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Thessaly Karditsa Hellas Greece Department of Animal Production Technological Institute of Thessaly Larissa Hellas Greece Department of Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Thessaly Karditsa Hellas Greece Laboratory of Ecosystem and Biodiversity management Faculty of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment University of Thessaly Volos Hellas Greece

Ecosystem disturbances, such as wildfires, are driving forces that determine ecology and conservation measures. Species respond differentially to wildfires, having diverse post-fire population evolution. This study reports, for first time, the responses of brown hare （Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778） to wildfires. Hare relative abundance, age ratio, diet quality, body condition, and diseases were studied. Fire influence on vegetation was calculated at a micro-scale level. Hare abundance was lower the first year after wildfires in burned relative to unburned areas. The reverse was found in the second year when hare abundance was higher in burned areas. Hare abundance in burned areas was also higher in the third and fourth years. In the fifth and sixth years after wildfire no significant difference was found in abundance. At a micro-scale level, higher numbers of hare feces were counted in places with greater wildfire influence on vegetation. Age ratio analysis revealed more juveniles in burned areas, but the same number of neonates in burned and unburned areas, indicating lower mortality of juveniles in burned areas. Reduced predation in burned areas pro- vides the most plausible explanation for our findings.

关键词： diet forest fire lagomorphs predation vegetation.

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Can a multistage approach improve individual tree mortality predictions across the complex mixed-species and managed forests of eastern North America?

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 21-30页

作者： Cen Chen John Kershaw Jr Aaron Weiskittel Elizabeth McGarrigle Center for Research on Sustainable Forests University of MaineOronoME04469USA faculty of forestry&environmental management University of New BrunswickFrederictonNBE3B 5A3Canada Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources HalifaxNSB3J 3M8Canada

Tree mortality plays a fundamental role in the dynamics of forest ecosystems,yet it is one of the most difficult phenomena to accurately *** modeling strategies have been developed to improve individual tree mortality *** less explored strategy is the use of a multistage modeling *** improvements from this approach have remained largely *** this study,we developed a novel multistage approach and compared its performance in individual tree mortality predictions with a more conventional approach using an identical individual tree mortality model *** permanent plot data(n=9442)covering the Acadian Region of North America and over multiple decades(1965–2014)were used in this *** results indicated that the model behavior with the multistage approach better depicted the observed mortality and showed a notable improvement over the conventional *** difference between the observed and predicted numbers of dead trees using the multistage approach was much smaller when compared with the conventional *** addition,tree survival probabilities predicted by the multistage approach generally were not significantly different from the observations,whereas the conventional approach consistently underestimated mortality across species and overestimated tree survival probabilities over the large range of DBH in the *** new multistage approach also predictions of zero mortality in individual plots,a result not possible in conventional ***,the new approach was more tolerant of modeling errors because it based estimates on ranked tree mortality rather than error-prone predicted ***,this new multistage approach deserves to be considered and tested in future studies.

关键词： Tree mortality modeling Mortality disaggregation Mixed effect model Annualization Mixed forests

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So much for the city:Urban–rural song variation in a widespread Asiatic songbird

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第2期13卷 194-205页

作者： Samuel D.HILL Achyut ARYAL Matthew D.M.PAWLEY Weihong JI Human-Wildlife Interactions Research Group Institute of Natural and Mathematical SciencesMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand School of Life and environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia Department of forestry and Resource management Toi Ohomai Institute of TechnologyRotoruaNew Zealand Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand

Song plays a fundamental role in intraspecific communication in *** temporal and structural components of songs can vary in different *** include urban habitats where anthropogenic sounds and alteration of habitat structure can significantly affect songbird vocal ***-rural variations in song complexity,song length and syllable rate are not fully *** this study,using the oriental magpie-robin(Copsychus saularis)as a model,we investigated urban-rural variation in song complexity,song length,syllable rate,syllable length and inter-syllable *** urban and rural songs from 7 countries across its natural Asiatic range(Bangladesh,India,Malaysia,Nepal,Singapore,Sri Lanka and Thailand),we found no significant differences in oriental magpie-robin song ***,we found significant differences in temporal song variables between urban and rural *** songs and inter-syllable intervals in addition to slower syllable rates within urban sites contributed the most to this *** indicates that the urban environment may have driven production of longer and slower songs to maximize efficient transmission of important song information in urban habitats.

关键词： communication complexity length oriental magpie-robin song syllable

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Establishing a Hydrographic Framework for Watershed management across Northern Chile

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2018年第5期10卷 539-561页

作者： Gustavo Moran Pedro Paolini Cuadra John-Paul Arp Paul A. Arp Surnorte Inc. Toronto Canadá LP Consultores Ltda. Santiago Chile faculty of forestry & environmental management Fredericton Canada

This article demonstrates how currently available digital elevation (NASA SRTM;30 m resolution) and hourly global precipitation data (rain, snow;5 and 10 km resolution) can be used to hydrographically quantify the regional watershed management context across northern Chile. This is done through comprehensive derivations of flow direction, flow accumulation, flow channels, floodplain extent, depressions, and upslope watershed outlines. In turn, these derivations allow for estimating potential precipitation accumulations within any watershed, and turn these into subsequent storm-averaged discharge estimates at, e.g., at any road—flow-channel crossing points. This article elaborates on this by modelling and mapping hydrological conditions and subsequent storm damage at the regional scale and at select locations in terms of recent flood events on March 2015, May 2017, and June 2017. It was found that modelled flood extent and storm-estimated discharge volumes and rates generally conform to reported values including storm-caused damages within communities along the Huasco, Elqui, Limari, Copiapó and Salado rivers. This included the storm response assessment of six water reservoirs as these varied, as quantified, from normal (Puclaro, La Laguna, Cogoti), at capacity (La Paloma, Cogoli), and overflowing (Recoleta). The details of the local to regional assessments are presented in the form hydrologically explicit maps, figures and tables. Together, these attest to the general validity of the framework as introduced. Hydrometrically based stream-discharge calibrations would assist in further refining the approach, especially in terms of estimating local to regional run-off coefficients.

关键词： Northern Chile Watersheds Precipitation Digital Elevation Modelling Hydrographic Interpretations Storm Events

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Altitudinal differentiation of Quercus robur in Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Journal of forestry Research 2018年第5期29卷 1225-1232页

作者： D.Ballian M.Memievi F.Boguni I.J.Diaz-Maroto faculty of forestry University of Sarajevo Higher Polytechnic School of Engineering University of Santiago de CompostelaCampus Universitario

Morphological variation based on eight measured and four derived traits was studied to establish whether there was significant variation between populations and to identify the influence of the altitude on morphological differentiation among 44 natural stands of common oak（Quercus robur L.） in Bosnia and Herzegovina,ranging from 82 to 860 *** results point to significant intra-and inter-population ***-related variation is less pronounced and determined largely by microclimatic *** results could provide management strategies for species reintroduction in the study *** are no differences in leaf morphology between the different branches of individual ***,there are important variations between the altitudinal groups and closely linked to environmental factors in all *** important recommendation is to use seeds from oak with attention to their altitudinal origin.

关键词： Common oak Conservation Ecology management Morphology Renewal

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Spatiotemporal Modeling of Monthly Precipitation in the Upper Shiyang River Watershed in West Central Gansu,Northwest China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第1期27卷 185-194页

作者：张存杰 C.P.-A.BOURQUE 孙兰东 Q.K.HASSAN Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Regional Climate Centre faculty of forestry and environmental management University of New Brunswick28 Dineen DriveFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 6C2Canada Department of Geomatics Engineering Schulich School of EngineeringUniversity of Calgary2500 University Drive NWCalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada

This paper outlines a methodology to estimate monthly precipitation surfaces at 1-kin resolution for the Upper Shiyang River watershed （USRW） in northwest China. Generation of precipitation maps is based on the application of a four-variable genetic algorithm （GA） trained on 10 years of weather and ancillary data, i.e., surface air temperature, relative humidity, Digital Elevation Model-derived estimates of elevation, and time of year collected at 29 weather stations in west-central Gansu and northern Qinghai province. An observed-to-GA predicted data comparison of 10 years of precipitation collected at the 29 weather stations showed that about 84% of the variability in observed values could be explained by the trained GA, including variability in two independent datasets. Point-comparisons of observed and modeled precipitation along an elevation-rainfall gradient demonstrated near-similar spatiotemporal patterns. A precipitation surface for USRW for July, 2005, was developed with the trained GA and input surfaces of surface air temperature and relative humidity generated from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer sensor （MODIS） products of land surface temperature. Spatial tendencies in predicted maximum and minimum values of surface air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation within a 2-kin radius circle around selected weather stations were in close agreement with the values measured at the weather stations.

关键词： genetic algorithms model building MODIS products principal component analysis watershed delineation

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Understanding the attitudes and practices of paddy farmers for enhancing soil and water conservation in Northern Iran

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2016年第4期4卷 260-266页

作者： Dariush Ashoori Asghar Bagheri Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari Anastasios Michailidis Department of Water Engineering and Agricultural management Faculty of Agricultural Technologies and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran Department of Agricultural management Rasht BranchIslamic Azad UniversityRashtIran Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of AgricultureForestry and Environmental SciencesFaculty of AgricultureDepartment of Agricultural EconomicsLaboratory of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology54124ThessalonikiGreece

The objective of this paper was to identify the factors affecting rice growers’attitudes and practices towards water and soil conservation in the Fumanat Plain of Guilan Province,*** were collected through a survey questionnaire addressing a cross section of 400 rice growers of the Fumanat Plain in four *** were analyzed using both summary statistics and multivariate statistical procedures while content validity of the statements was first determined by a group of experts of water and soil *** was found that more than 23% of the variance of attitudes towards water and soil conservation could be determined by a linear combination of variables included in a regression *** the factors affecting rice growers’attitudes is suggested as a way of integrating rice cultivation into rural *** a practical point of view,the above mentioned implications are of great importance generally for society,policy makers and related economic sectors.

关键词： Attitude Multiple regression analysis Rice growers Water and soil conservation

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Analytical method to measure bending deformations in prismatic optical films

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Chinese Optics Letters 2016年第4期14卷 59-63页

作者： Berta Garcia-Fernandez Antonio Alvarez Fernandez-Balbuena Daniel-Vazquez-Molini Department of Optics Faculty of Optics and Optometry University Complutense of Madrid Madrid 28040 Spain Department of Forest and environmental Engineering and management School of Forestry Engineering Polytechnic University of Madrid Madrid 28040 Spain

The aim of this work is to provide an analytical method based on experimental measurements in order to obtain the prismatic film deformation for different curvatures of hollow cylindrical prismatic light guides(CPLGs). To conform to cylindrical guides it is necessary to bend the film to guide the light; changes induced by curving the film give rise to deformation shifts. Light losses affected by deformation are experimentally evaluated and numerically analyzed. The effect of deformation on prism angle is especially increased for CPLGs of curvatures higher than 20 m_1. An experimental method for the accurate transmittance of measurements related to bending is presented.

关键词：弯曲测量光学薄膜变形分析棱镜空心圆柱测量分析变形位移数值分析

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Vulnerability of Water Resources and Its Spatial Heterogeneity in Haihe River Basin, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2014年第5期24卷 525-539页

作者： XIA Jun CHEN Junxu WENG Jianwu YU Lei QI Junyu LIAO Qiang Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Economic Information Center Haihe River Water Conservancy Committee faculty of forestry and environmental management University of New Brunswick

To manage water resources effectively, a multiscale assessment of the vulnerability of water resources on the basis of political boundaries and watersheds is necessary. This study addressed issues on the vulnerability of water resources and provided a multiscale comparison of spatial heterogeneity under a climate change background. Using improved quantitative evaluation methods of vulnerabil- ity, the Theil index and the Shannon-Weaver index, we evaluated the vulnerability of water resources and its spatial heterogeneity in the Haihe River Basin in four scales, namely, second-class water resource regions （Class II WRRs）, third-class water resource regions （Class III WRRs）, Province-Class II WRRs, and Province-Class III WRRs. Results show that vulnerability enhances from the north to south in the different scales, and shows obvious spatial heterogeneity instead of moving toward convergence in multiscale assessment results. Among the Class II WRRs, the Tuhai-Majia River is the most vulnerable area, and the vulnerability of the Luanhe River is lower than that of the north of the Haihe River Basin, which in turn is lower than that of the south of the Haihe River Basin. In the scales of Class III WRRs and Province-Class III WRRs, the vulnerability shows obvious spatial heterogeneity and diversity measured by the Theil index and the Shannon-Weaver index. Multiscale vulnerability assessment results based on political boundaries and the watersheds of the Haihe River Basin innovatively provided in this paper are important and useful to characterize the real spatial pattern of the vulnerability of water resources and improve water resource management.

关键词： water resource vulnerability assessment Theil index Shannon-Weaver index spatial heterogeneity Haihe River Basin

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Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 178-185页

作者： Xinglei Cui Adrian M.Paterson George LW.Perry Sarah V.Wyse Md Azharul Alam Congde Huang Shixing Zhou Lin Xiao Changhong Lai Fang He Dongyu Cao Kate Marshall Timothy J.Curran Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincoln7647New Zealand National forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention College of ForestrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China School of Environment University of AucklandAuckland1142New Zealand Bio-Protection Research Centre Lincoln UniversityLincoln7647New Zealand Sichuan Province forestry and Grassland environmental Monitoring Centre Chengdu610036China

Background:Flammability is a compound plant trait that can vary significantly across natural populations within *** intraspecific variation in flammability provides insights into the evolution of plant flam-mability and inform understanding of wildfire risk and behaviour in different ***:We measured four flammability variables,representing ignitibility(time to ignition),sustainability(total burning time),combustibility(maximum temperature during burning)and consumability(percentage of biomass consumed by fire)to assess the shoot-level flammability of Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium(***.)(Ericaceae),a polymorphic endemic species distributed throughout New *** examined the relationship between flammability components and a suite of climatic and geographic variables(elevation,latitude,mean annual temperature(MAT),mean annual rainfall(MAR)of the sample locations,etc.).Results:We measured shoot-level flammability components of 62 individuals across eight *** time,maximum temperature and burnt biomass were positively correlated with each other,while ignition score was independent of other flammability *** flammability components varied significantly across the eight *** habitat conditions we considered were not related to any of the shoot-level flammability components of ***:Intraspecific variation in flammability in *** may be a byproduct of selection on other functional traits,such as leaf size,shoot lipid content,indicating that plant flammability is an incidental result,rather than selected for,at least in ecosystems without fire as a selective force.

关键词： Dracophyllum Fire Flammability Habitat

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