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Comparison of satellite images with different spatial resolutions to estimate stand structural diversity in urban forests

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Journal of forestry Research 2017年第4期28卷 805-814页

作者： Ulas Yunus Ozkan Ibrahim Ozdemir Tufan Demirel Serhun Saglam Ahmet Yesil Department of Forest management Faculty of ForestryIstanbul University Wildlife Ecology and management Faculty of ForestrySuleyman Demirel University

The structural diversity in urban forests is highly important to protect biodiversity. In particular, fruit trees and bush species, cavity-bearing trees and coarse, woody debris provide habitats for animals to feed, nest and hide. Improper silvicultural practices, intensive recreational use and illegal harvesting lead to a decline in the structural diversity in forests within larger metropolitan cities. It is important to monitor the structural diversity at definite time intervals using effective technologies with a view to instituting the necessary conservation measures. The use of satellite images seems to be appropriate to this end. Here we aimed to identify the associations between the textural features derived from the satellite images with different spatial resolutions and the structural diversity indices in urban forest stands (Shannon-Wiener index, complexity index, dominance index and density of wildlife trees). RapidEye images with a spatial resolution of 5 m × 5 m, ASTER images with a spatial resolution of 15 m × 15 m and Landsat-8 ETM satellite images with a spatial resolution of 30 m × 30 m were used in this study. The first-order (standard deviation of gray levels) and second order (GLCM entropy, GLCM contrast and GLCM correlation) textural features were calculated from the satellite images. When associations between textural features in the images and the structural diversity indices were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, very high associations were found between the image textural features and the diversity indices. The highest association was found between the standard deviation of gray levels (SDGLRAP) derived from RVIRAP of RapidEye image and the Shannon-Wiener index (H h) calculated on the basis of tree height (R 2 = 0.64). The findings revealed that RapidEye satellite images with a spatial resolution of 5 m × 5 m are most suitable for estimating the structural diversity in urban fores

关键词： Biodiversity Satellite image Structural diversity Texture measures Urban forests

History and perspectives of induction technology for agarwood production from cultivated Aquilaria in Asia: a review

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Journal of forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 1-11页

作者： Putra Desa Azren Shiou Yih Lee Diana Emang Rozi Mohamed Forest Biotech Laboratory Department of Forest Management Faculty of Forestry Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Forest management Faculty of ForestryUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Agarwood, the resinous product of Aquilaria spp.(Thymelaeaceae), is highly valued for medicinal and fragrant purposes. Unsustainable forest harvesting contributes to the declining population in the wild, threatening their existence. As a protection effort, cultivation occurred in range countries, mainly in Asia, effectively establishing mass plantations. The success of domesticating Aquilaria relies heavily on technological advancement in agarwood induction, without which the entire thriving industry will collapse. In this paper, we describe efforts since 1929 and current progress and variation in induction as practiced in Asia. The methods include traditional practices and artificial induction via inoculum and chemical inducer, experimented and patented or otherwise. Artificial induction methods are being developed to intensify agarwood production in terms of yield and quality. While traditional methods are commonly applied by rural planters, artificial methods with the use of specific agents/chemicals are seen as more appealing for inducing agarwood, and have a higher demand from entrepreneurs and plantation *** issues related to induction technology faced by stakeholders in agarwood cultivation are presented, such as safety levels, cost, yields, and quality. We conclude by highlighting remaining challenges in induction methods and their associated technologies.

关键词： Aquilaria Agarwood Cultivation 'Gaharu’ Inducer Inoculum

Fungal inoculation induces agarwood in young Aquilaria malaccensis trees in the nursery

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Journal of forestry Research 2014年第1期25卷 201-204页

作者： Rozi MOHAMED Phai Lee JONG Abd Kudus KAMZIAH Forest Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Forest ManagementFaculty of ForestryUniversiti Putra Malaysia Department of Forest management Faculty of ForestryUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Fungi are often used to induce agarwood inAquilariatrees. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of several fungi on agarwood formation over time in youngAquilaria malaccensis （Lam.） trees. Typical changes in the length and light intensity of the resulting discoloration were observed after three and six month periods following inoculation. Wood samples were observed microscopically and classified into several light intensity groups. The discoloration length was meas-ured longitudinally. The duration after inoculation affected the mean of discoloration length： the 6-month old sample （1.70 cm） had a wider discoloration zone when compared to the 3-month old sample （1.17 cm）. When measuring the discoloration intensity, a positive relationship with time was perceived. Digital images, captured using a camera-equipped microscope, revealed that wood samples collected after six months appeared to be 1.8-times darker than after three months. We concluded that time, not the species of any of the tested fungi, had significant effect on discoloration length and intensity. Gas chromatography/mass spec-trometry （GCMS） analysis of the 6-month old sample yielded some important agarwood compounds such as benzylacetone, anisylacetone, guaiene and palustrol. This demonstrates that the tested fungi have the ability to induce agarwood formation in nurseryA. malaccensis trees.

关键词： Artificial inoculation discoloration zone fungi guaiene palustrol

Determining the edge effect of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in its horizontal distribution in the stand

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Journal of forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 347-352页

作者： Salih Parlak kbal Meltem ?z?ankaya Mustafa Batur Mehmet Emin Akka? Zülfü Boza ?zgür Toprak faculty of forestry Bursa Technical University Aegean forestry Research Inst?tute Forest Regional management

Pine processionary moth is one of the most important forest pests in the Mediterranean Basin. There is need to explore its distribution behaviour to undertake effective control and determine the edge effect of its horizontal distribution in the stand. Five trial sites damaged by the insect were selected and traps installed in all trees in the sites. The number of nests and larvae was counted and diameter increment cores were taken. The distance to the edge of the stand revealed that there was no statistical difference in the number of nests and larvae up to 25 m while there was a statistically significant difference(0.5%)at [25 m. There was a 2-fold difference in the density of nests between 0 and 25 m and [25 meters, and a 3.8-fold difference in the number of larvae. The effect of pine processionary moth on tree diameter was not significant between trees at the edge of the stand and those in the stand.

关键词： Thaumetopoea pityocampa Pine processionary moth Edge effect

Effect of rooting media and hormone concentrations on vegetative propagation of Balanites aegyptiaca

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Journal of forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 73-76页

作者： R.B.Mukhtar Department of forestry and Wildlife management Faculty of Agriculture Bayero University

Vegetative propagation is widely used as a means of genotype preservation in clone banks and seed orchards but despite this, the possibility of vegetative propagation using hormones is not clear for many indigenous tree species, including Balanites aegyptiaca. This research is on the vegetative propagation of B. aegyptiaca as influenced by rooting media and growth *** stem cuttings were obtained from 4 months old seedlings. Nodal stem cuttings 4–5 cm long from 3–5 mm diameter stems were treated with indole-3-butyric acid or indole-3-acetic acid at 50, 100 and 150 mg/L and sown in three different rooting media: top soil, river sand, and sawdust. The results reveal a significant effect(p \ 0.05)of rooting media and growth hormones on B. aegyptiaca cuttings. B. aegyptiaca can be propagated vegitatively without the use of hormones. The control was recommended for vegetative propagation of B. aegyptiaca.

关键词： Rooting media Growth hormones B.aegyptiaca Stem cuttings

Effects of plant growth regulators, carbon sources and pH values on callus induction in Aquilaria malaccensis leaf explants and characteristics of the resultant calli

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Journal of forestry Research 2014年第3期25卷 535-540页

作者： Shashita JAYARAMAN Nurul Hazwani DAUD Rasmina HALIS Rozi MOHAMED Forest Biotech Laboratory Department of Forest Management Faculty of Forestry Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Forest Production Faculty of Forestry Universiti Putra Malaysia

The endangered tropical tree, Aquilaria malaccensis, produces agarwood for use in fragrance and medicines. Efforts are currently un-derway to produce valuable agarwood compoundsn tissue culture. The purpose of this study was to develop an optimal growth medium, specif-ically, the best hormone combination for callus suspension culture. Using nursery-grown A. malaccensis, sterilized leaf explants were first incu-bated on basic Murashige and Skoog （MS） gel medium containing 15g/L sucrose and at pH 5.7. Different auxin types including 1-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA）, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）, and indole-3-butyric acid （IBA）, were tested at various concentrations （0.55, 1.1 and 1.65 μM） using the basic medium. Leaf explants were incubated for 30 days in the dark. Callus induced by 1.1 μM NAA had the highest biomass dry weight （DW） of 17.3 mg;however the callus was of a compact type. This auxin concentration was then combined with either 6-benzylaminopurine （BAP） or kinetin at 0.55, 1.1, 2.2 or 3.3 μM to induce growth of friable callus. The 1.1μM NAA＋2.2μM BAP com-bination produced friable callus with the highest biomass （93.3mg DW）. When testing the different carbon sources and pHs, sucrose at 15g/L and pH at 5.7 yielded highest biomasses at 87.7mg and 83mg DW, respec-tively. Microscopic observations revealed the arrangement of the friable cells as loosely packed with relatively large cells, while for the compact callus, the cells were small and densely packed. We concluded that MS medium containing 15 g/L sucrose, 1.1 μM NAA ＋ 2.2 μM BAP hor-mone combination, and a pH of 5.7 was highly effective for inducing friable callus from leaf explants of A. malaccensis for the purpose of establishing cell suspension culture.

关键词： Agarwood endangered tree in vitro plant growth regulators,Thymelaeaceae

Analysis of temporal changes in land cover and landscape metrics of a managed forest in the west Black Sea region of northern Turkey: 1970–2010

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Journal of forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 139-150页

作者： Hayati Zengin Ahmet Salih Degermenci Pete Bettinger Department of Forest management and Planning Faculty of Forestry Duzce University Warnell School of forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia

Forest structure changes continuously by natural and anthropogenic effects. Because the level of goods and services provided by forest ecosystems are related to this structure, some attributes have to be controlled while they are being managed. In this paper we describe the long-term temporal changes in land area and landscape metrics related to different land uses of a managed forest in Turkey. The study was carried out for the Daday Forest Planning Unit located in the west Black Sea region of northern Turkey. The total area is 16,813 ha and besides wood production, it is managed for erosion control, public health, aesthetics, and recreation. Stand type maps that were constructed in 1970,1989, 1999, and 2010 were used in this analysis. Transition matrixes that illustrate area changes among cover types and temporal changes on some landscape metrics were obtained using Geographic Information Systems. Stands were separated into small patches, and thus the number of patches increased nearly two-fold between 1970 and 2010. The total forest edge increased and through the associated fragmentation, the amount of core forest area decreased at the landscape scale. Landscape metrics were applied to digitized versions of historical maps to assess how forest area changed. Human use of the land has changed, forest management practices have evolved, and these along with natural forest growth have contributed to interesting changes in landscape character.

关键词： Landscape metrics Land cover change Temporal change Turkey

Cold-Weather Crop Suitability Modelling

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2023年第10期13卷 431-455页

作者： Kamille Lemieux Nana-Agyei O. Afriyie Shane Furze Patrick Toner Paul A. Arp faculty of forestry & env. management University of New Brunswick Fredericton Canada NB Dept. Agriculture & Aquaculture Hugh John Flemming Forestry Centre Fredericton Canada

This article presents ArcGIS Pro workflow results aimed at rating and mapping cold-weather crop suitability from 0% to 100% at 1-m elevation resolution for the Province of New Brunswick (NB). This rating accounts for variations by soil conditions (texture, coarse fragments, depth, calcareousness, drainage, slope), growing degree days (GDD) and frost-free days (FFD) from within fields to across regions. The ratings so produced reflect a significant part of farm and farm/woodlot property assessment values as these also vary by area and building footprint. While the soil properties for texture, coarse fragments, depth, and calcareousness vary by NB soil association mapping units, within-field suitabilities also vary by slope from flat to steep and by drainage as it correlates across the terrain by depth-to-water (DTW) from very poor to poor, imperfect, moderate, well and excessive. Areas marked by 1.5 10% have low to no suitability because of slope-increased soil erosion and trafficability risks. The number of growing-degree and frost-free days across NB were rated to be sufficient for cold weather cropping, except marginally so at the high-elevation locations.

关键词： Crop Suitability Rating Topography Climate Soil Properties Property Values Regression Analysis

Decay resistance and dimensional stability improvement of wood by low melting point alloy heat treatment

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Journal of forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1797-1805页

作者： Kufre Edet Okon Fengcai Lin Yandan Chen Biao Huang College of Material Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Department of forestry and Natural env.ronmental management Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Uyo

Wood has no inherent natural resistance against agents of biodegradation. We evaluated the effects of metal bath heat treatment(MBHT) on decay resistance and dimensional stability of Chinese parasol(Firmiana simplex) and Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood. A low melting point alloy was used as heating medium in the treatment of the wood samples at 150, 180, and 210 °C for2, 4, and 8 h. Heat-treated and control samples were exposed to brown rot fungus(Poria placenta) and white rot fungus(Coriolus versicolor) for decay resistance testing and anti-swelling efficiency(ASE). The improved decay resistance with increase temperatures with low mass losses of 7.3 and 7.3% for F. simplex, and 3.9 and 3.6% for *** at 210 °C for 8 h against Coriolus versicolor and Poria placenta, respectively. ASE indicated that MBHT contributed to improved dimensional stability of both wood species after treatment. Scanning electron micrograph results indicate that metal bath-treated samples showed strong decay resistance. Therefore, our approach to thermally modify wood should be explored to overcome the energy utilization by using low melting point alloy for the heat treatment of wood.

关键词： Heat treatment Decay resistance Dimensional stability Chinese fir Chinese parasol Rot fungi