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Petrologic evolution of the Gysian ophiolitic serpentinites,NW Iran

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第5期43卷 996-1011页

作者： Monir Modjarrad Donna L.Whitney Hadi Omrani Department of Geology Faculty of SciencesUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran Department of Earth and environmental sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Department of Geology Faculty of SciencesGolestan UniversityGorgānIran

The Gysian ophiolite of NW Iran is located at the intersection of the ophiolite belts of SE Turkey,NE Iraq,and Iran,and provides the opportunity to investigate the preserved subduction and obduction history of an important tectonic site that has not previously been *** serpentinized peridotites of the Gysian ophiolite contain the assemblagelizardite+chrysotile+spinel/Mg-spinelwith relict clinopyroxene(diopside)and very rare relict orthopyroxene and *** compositions of clinopyroxenes and spinels are more consistent with the formation of the inferred protolithharzburgitesinafore-arcorsupra-subduction zone instead of an abyssal *** Gysian ophiolite is a remnant of the Neo-Tethyan arc-ophiolitic system and records shallow subduction(<50 km,indicated by the absence of antigorite)in the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene beforeobductionalongthrustfaultsoverthecontinental *** review the spatial trends of the metamorphic grade of the Neo-Tethyan ophiolites in this region and provide detailed information about the petrology and mineral chemistry of the Gysian ophiolite.

关键词： Ophiolite Neo-Tethyan Gysian Serpentinite Iran

Early response of understory vegetation to the mass dieback of Norway spruce in the European lowland temperate forest

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forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 214-225页

作者： Jan Marek Matuszkiewicz Andrzej N.Affek Piotr Zaniewski Ewa Kołaczkowska faculty of Geography and Regional Studies University of WarsawPoland Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of SciencesPoland Institute of forest sciences Warsaw University of Life SciencesPoland

Spruce-dominated forests are commonly exposed to disturbances associated with mass occurrences of bark *** dieback of trees triggers many physical and chemical processes in the ecosystem resulting in rapid changes in the vegetation of the lower forest *** aimed to determine the response of non-tree understory vegetation to the mass dieback of Norway spruce(Picea abies)in the first years after the disturbance caused by the European spruce bark beetle(Ips typographus)*** study area was the Białowieża Biosphere Reserve covering the Polish part of the emblematic Białowieża forest,in total 597km^(2).The main data source comprised 3,900 phytosociological relevés(combined spring and summer campaigns)collected from 1,300 systematically distributed forest sites in 2016–2018–the peak years of the bark beetle *** found that the understory responded immediately to mass spruce dieback,with the most pronounced changes observed in the year of the disturbance and the subsequent ***-tolerant forest species declined in the initial years following the mass spruce dieback,while hemicryptophytes,therophytes,light-demanding species associated with non-forest seminatural communities,as well as water-demanding forest species,*** acetosella,the most common understory species in the Białowieża forest,showed a distinct fluctuation pattern,with strong short-term expansion right after spruce dieback,followed by a gradual decline over the next 3–4 years to a cover level 5 percentage points lower than before the ***,our study revealed that mass spruce dieback selectively affects individual herb species,and their responses can be directional and non-directional(fluctuation).Furthermore,we demonstrated that the mass dieback of spruce temporarily increases plant species diversity(α-diversity).

关键词： forest disturbance Bark beetle outbreak Picea abies Ips typographus Response of understory vegetation Herbaceous species Biaowieza forest

Autohydrolysis treatment of bamboo and potassium oxalate(K_(2)C_(2)O_(4))activation of bamboo product for CO_(2) capture utilization

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 63-72页

作者： Dang Duc Viet Doan Thi Thao Khuong Duy Anh Toshiki Tsubota Department of Materials Science Faculty of EngineeringKyushu Institute of TechnologyFukuoka 804-8550Japan Vietnamese Academy of forest sciences Hanoi 10000Vietnam Collaborative Research Centre for Green Materials on environmental Technology Kyushu Institute of TechnologyFukuoka 808-0196Japan

Typically,the hydroxide agents,such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide,which have corrosive properties,are used in the carbon activation *** this study,potassium oxalate(K_(2)C_(2)O_(4)),a less toxic and non-corrosive activating reagent,was used to synthesize activated carbon from the solid residue after autohydrolysis *** effect of the autohydrolysis treatment and the ratio of the K_(2)C_(2)O_(4)/solid residue are presented in this ***,the comparison between the activated carbon from bamboo and biochar from the solid residue are also *** resulting activated carbon from the solid residue exhibited a high surface area of up to 1432 m^(2)·g^(-1) and a total pore volume of up to 0.88 cm^(3)·g^(-1).The autohydrolysis treatment enhanced the microporosity properties compared to those without pretreatment of the activated *** microporosity of the activated carbon from the solid residue was dominated by the pore width at 0.7 nm,which is excellent for CO_(2) *** 25℃ and 1.013×10^(5) Pa,the CO_(2) captured reached up to 4.1 mmol·g^(-1).On the other hand,the ratio between K_(2)C_(2)O_(4) and the solid residue has not played a critical role in determining the porosity *** ratio of the K_(2)C_(2)O_(4)/solid residue of 2 could help the carbon material reach a highly microporous textural property that produces a high carbon capture *** finding proved the benefit of using the solid residue from the autohydrolysis treatment as a precursor material and offering a more friendly and sustainable activation carbon process.

关键词： activated carbon bamboo biochar CO_(2)capture potassium oxalate

Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development, antioxidants, tight junctions, and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： James K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management University of Debrecen faculty of Agriculture and Food sciences and environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal Science University of Debrecen Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management University of Debrecen Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Debrecen Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of Debrecen Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen

Methionine(Met) is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth. The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and health. Fertilized eggs of the two genotypes, TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype, were randomly distributed into four treatments for each genotype. The treatment groups include the following: 1) control non-injected eggs(NoIn); 2) saline-injected(SaIn); 3) DL-Met injected(DLM); and 4) L-Met injected(LM). The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development; after hatching, eight chicks per group were sacrificed, and the jejunum was extracted for analysis. The results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width, villus height, and villus area(P < 0.05) compared to the control. The DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth, glutathione(GSH) content, glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3), occludin(OCLN) gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(P < 0.05). The HPC genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1) gene, tricellulin(MD2), occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(P < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development, and function, with genotypes responding differently under normal conditions. Genotypes also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants, tight junction, and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

Assessment of large-scale multiple forest disturbance susceptibilities with AutoML framework: an Izmir Regional forest Directorate case

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Journal of forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 73-88页

作者： Remzi Eker Kamber Can Alkiş Abdurrahim Aydın Department of forest Engineering Faculty of ForestryIzmir KatipÇelebi University35620 IzmirTurkey Graduate School of Natural and Applied sciences Izmir KatipÇelebi University35620 IzmirTurkey Department of forest Engineering Faculty of ForestryDüzce University81620 DüzceTurkey

Disturbances such as forest fires,intense winds,and insect damage exert strong impacts on forest ecosystems by shaping their structure and growth dynamics,with contributions from climate ***,there is a need for reliable and operational methods to monitor and map these disturbances for the development of suitable management *** susceptibility assessment using machine learning methods has increased,most studies have focused on a single ***,there has been limited exploration of the use of“Automated Machine Learning(AutoML)”in the *** this study,susceptibility assessment for multiple forest disturbances(fires,insect damage,and wind damage)was conducted using the PyCaret AutoML framework in the Izmir Regional forest Directorate(RFD)in *** AutoML framework compared 14 machine learning algorithms and ranked the best models based on AUC(area under the curve)*** extra tree classifier(ET)algorithm was selected for modeling the susceptibility of each disturbance due to its good performance(AUC values>0.98).The study evaluated susceptibilities for both individual and multiple disturbances,creating a total of four susceptibility maps using fifteen driving factors in the *** to the results,82.5%of forested areas in the Izmir RFD are susceptible to multiple disturbances at high and very high ***,a potential forest disturbances map was created,revealing that 15.6%of forested areas in the Izmir RFD may experience no damage from the disturbances considered,while 54.2%could face damage from all three *** SHAP(Shapley Additive exPlanations)methodology was applied to evaluate the importance of features on prediction and the nonlinear relationship between explanatory features and susceptibility to disturbance.

关键词： AutoML forest disturbances forest fire Insect Susceptibility Wind

Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time-and how this affects applications

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forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik J.Persson Magnus Ekstrom Sean P.Healey Zhiqiang Yang Johan Holmgren Eva Lindberg Kenneth Nystrom Emanuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal Hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson Ronald E.McRoberts Department of forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden faculty of environmental sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for ***,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of *** such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of *** this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this point of view,model-based predictors are typically ***,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being *** show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true ***,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based inference Design-based inference

Thermo-Mechanical, Physico-Chemical, Morphological, and Fire Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Particleboard Manufactured with Phosphorylated Lignin Addition

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第7期12卷 1311-1341页

作者： Apri Heri Iswanto Harisyah Manurung Asma Sohail Lee Seng Hua Petar Antov Deded Sarip Nawawi Sarah Latifah Dewi Shafa Kayla Sukma Surya Kusumah Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Linda MakovickáOsvaldová MohdHazwan Hussin Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian Lum Wei Chen Puji Rahmawati Nurcahyani Nam Hun Kim Widya Fatriasari Department of forest Products Faculty of ForestryUniversitas Sumatera UtaraKampus USU Padang BulanMedanNorth Sumatra20155Indonesia Department of Chemistry Lahore College for Women UniversityLahore4444Pakistan Department of Wood Industry Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Cawangan Pahang Kampus JengkaShah Alam26400Malaysia faculty of forest Industry University of ForestrySofia1797Bulgaria Department of forest Product Faculty of Forestry and EnvironmentIPB UniversityBogor16680Indonesia Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Cibinong16911Indonesia Department of forest Engineering Faculty of Security EngineeringUniversity of ZilinaZilina01001Slovakia Materials Technology Research Group(MaTReC) School of Chemical SciencesUniversiti SainsMalaysiaMindenPenang11800Malaysia Department of environmental Science and Engineering School of Engineering and SciencesSRM University-APAmaravatiAndhra Pradesh522240India Department of Bio and Natural Resources Faculty of Bioengineering and TechnologyUniversitiMalaysia KelantanJeliKelantan17600Malaysia Department of forest Biomaterials Engineering College of Forest and Environmental SciencesKangwon National UniversityChuncheon24341Republic of Korea

Lignin,lignosulfonate,and synthesized phosphorylated lignosulfonate were introduced as greenﬁllers in citric acid-sucrose adhesives for bonding particleboard fabricated from areca leaf sheath(ALS).The characteristics of particleboards were compared to that of ultralow emitting formaldehyde(ULEF-UF).Theﬁllers derived from Eucalyptus ***-lignin were added forﬂame retardancy enhancement.10%of each lignin and modiﬁed lig-nin was added into the ULEF-UF and citric acid-sucrose bonded *** applied to particle-boards included thermal characteristics,X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),morphological properties,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),as well as physical,mechanical,andﬁre resistance characteristics of the laboratory-fabricated *** and modiﬁed lignin resulted in improved thermal stability of the composites bonded with ULEF-UF while the improvement in the particleboard bonded with citric acid-sucrose was not signiﬁ*** introduction ofﬁller exerted a higher inﬂuence on the UF-bonded particleboards compared to composites fabricated with citric ***,the presence of lignin,lignosulfonate,and phosphorylated lignosulfonate enhanced the mechanical strength of the ULEF-bonded particleboards,although their dimensional stability has ***,the use of lignin and lignosulfonate enhanced theﬁre resis-tance of the particleboards produced with lower observed weight *** laboratory particleboards exhibited satisfactoryﬁre resistance,attaining a V-0 rating in according to the UL-94 standard.

关键词： Modiﬁed lignin eco-friendly particleboard ﬁre and thermal properties citric acid-sucrose ultralow-emitting urea-formaldehyde resin

Assessment of four different dietary amino acid profiles recommended for ISA Brown layer hens: A validation study

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 438-446页

作者： Mehdi Toghyani Shemil Macelline Juliano C.de Paula Dorigam Peter V.Chrystal Peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu School of Life and environmental sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Poultry Research Foundation The University of Sydney Evonik Operations GmbH

The current feeding study was designed to validate the two dietary essential amino acid profiles(EAAP)established based on linear broken-line(LBL) and quadratic broken-line(QBL) models, in a previous study, against Evonik(AMINOHen) and breeder recommendations for ISA Brown layers for peak production(PP, 20 to 44 weeks of age), and post peak production(post PP, 44 to 75 weeks of age). The EAAP based on LBL models on average had 19.5% and 26.0% lower digestible AA(Lys, Met + Cys, Thr, Trp, Ile and Val), than the EAAP based on QBL models for PP and post PP, respectively. The EAAP based on AMINOHen and breeder recommendation had lower digestible AA than QBL, and higher EAAP than LBL models for both production phases. At 20 weeks of age, 224 ISA Brown layer hens were weighed and randomly allocated to individual battery cages. Each of the four diets was replicated 8 times with 7 birds per replicate. Egg production was recorded daily, and egg weights were measured at the end of each week. Feed consumption was measured at the end of each period. The egg production rate was not significantly affected by the diets and remained at around 98.0%(PP) and 95.0%(post PP)(P > 0.05). Birds fed diets based on LBL recommendation consistently laid smaller eggs, resulting in a lower egg mass(59.8 vs. 62.0 g egg/hen per day during PP, and 60.3 vs. 63.0 g egg/hen per day during post PP; P 0.05). The highest feed conversion ratio(FCR) during PP(P = 0.067) and post PP(P < 0.05) was recorded for the birds offered diets based on LBL recommendation. In conclusion, all four EAAP tested in this study support an above average egg production rate. However, the EAAP based on LBL models may potentially decrease the input feed cost per kilogram of eggs but are not set to optimise FCR and maximise egg mass.

关键词： Ideal amino acid profile Regression model Egg production Egg mass

Real-time,single-particle chemical composition,volatility and mixing state measurements of urban aerosol particles in southwest China

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第2期136卷 361-371页

作者： Luyao Chen Junke Zhang Jiaqi Li Xiaojuan Huang Yuzheng Xiang Jing Chen Tingru Pan Wei Zhang faculty of Geosciences and environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China School of Atmospheric sciences Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Sichuan environmental Monitoring Center Chengdu 610074China

To investigate the volatility of atmospheric particulates and the evolution of other particulate properties(chemical composition,particle size distribution and mixing state)with temperature,a thermodenuder coupled with a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer was used to conduct continuous observations of atmospheric fine particles in Chengdu,southwest *** of their complex sources and secondary reaction processes,the average mass spectra of single particles contained a variety of chemical components(including organic,inorganic and metal species).When the temperature rose from room temperature to280℃,the relative areas of volatile and semi-volatile components decreased,while the relative areas of less or non-volatile components ***(>80%)nitrate and sulfate existed in the form of NH_(4)NO_(3)and(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4),and their volatilization temperatures were50–100℃and 150–280℃,*** contribution of biomass burning(BB)and vehicle emission(VE)particles increased significantly at 280℃,which emphasized the important role of regional biomass burning and local motor vehicle emissions to the core of *** the increase in temperature,the particle size of the particles coated with volatile or semi-volatile components was reduced,and their mixing with secondary inorganic components was significantly *** formation of K-nitrate(KNO_(3))and K-sulfate(KSO_(4))particles was dominated by liquid-phase processes and photochemical reactions,*** KNO_(3)and BB particles is the key to improving *** new results are helpful towards better understanding the initial sources,pollution formation mechanisms and climatic effects of fine particulate matter in this megacity in southwest China.

关键词： Atmospheric fine particles TD-SPAMS Chemical composition Volatility Mixing state