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The effects of local variations in conditions on carbon storage and release in the continental mantle

National science Review 2024年第6期11卷 22-36页

作者： Stephen F.Foley Chunfei Chen Dorrit E.Jacob School of Natural sciences Macquarie University Research School of earth sciences Australian National University state key laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences

Recent advances indicate that the amount of carbon released by gradual degassing from the mantle needs to be revised upwards, whereas the carbon supplied by plumes may have been overestimated in the *** in rock types and oxidation state may be very local and exert strong influences on carbon storage and release mechanisms. Deep subduction may be prevented by diapirism in thick sedimentary packages,whereas carbonates in thinner sequences may be subducted. Carbonates stored in the mantle transition zone will melt when they heat up, recognized by coupled stable isotope systems(e.g. Mg, Zn, Ca). There is no single ‘mantle oxygen fugacity’, particularly in the thermal boundary layer(TBL) and lowermost lithosphere, where very local mixtures of rock types coexist. Carbonate-rich melts from either subduction or melting of the uppermost asthenosphere trap carbon by redox freezing or as carbonate-rich dykes in this zone. Deeply derived, reduced melts may form further diamond reservoirs, recognized as polycrystalline diamonds associated with websteritic silicate minerals. Carbon is released by either edge-driven convection,which tears sections of the TBL and lower lithosphere down so that they melt by a mixture of heating and oxidation, or by lateral advection of solids beneath rifts. Both mechanisms operate at steps in lithosphere thickness and result in carbonate-rich melts, explaining the spatial association of craton edges and carbonate-rich magmatism. High-pressure experiments on individual rock types, and increasingly on reactions between rocks and melts, are fine-tuning our understanding of processes and turning up unexpected results that are not seen in studies of single rocks. Future research should concentrate on elucidating local variations and integrating these with the interpretation of geophysical signals. Global concepts such as average sediment compositions and a uniform mantle oxidation state are not appropriate for small-scale processes; an increa

关键词： lithospheric mantle carbonate melts deep carbon cycle craton destruction continental rifts

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The fate of eclogites in the lithosphere

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science china earth sciences 2024年第3期67卷 879-884页

作者： Zhensheng WANG Yixian XU state key laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China key laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province School of Earth SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

1. Eclogites and the concept of viscous drainage Eclogites are a distinctive rock type, mainly composed of garnet and omphacite and formed through ultra-high-pressure metamorphism, wherein oceanic or continental crust... 详细信息

关键词： crustal garnet rock

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Extensive Resetting of Feldspar Pb Isotopic Composition in Archean–Paleoproterozoic Granitic Rocks from the Kongling Terrane,South china:Implications for Tracing Thermal Evolutionary History

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第2期98卷 386-398页

作者： MENG Fanxue LU Jie ZOU Zongqi GUO Jingliang MENG Yuanku College of earth science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong 266590China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China state key laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Feldspar Pb isotopes have been widely used to trace magmatic formation and evolution ***,it remains unclear whether post-magmatic thermal events can affect feldspar Pb isotopic ***,the in situ Pb isotopic composition of feldspar hosted in granitic rocks(thirteen Archean and one Paleoproterozoic)from the northern Kongling terrane,Yangtze Craton,South china,is *** samples reveal a substantial variation in their Pb isotopic composition,spanning the gap between the 1.9 Ga and present-day geochrons,which indicates extensive resetting by later tectonothermal *** resetting was interpreted to have likely resulted from Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic tectonothermal events related to the assembly and breakup of the Columbia and Rodinia *** results suggest that Pb isotopes should be used cautiously when tracing magma sources and petrogenesis in magmatic rocks that have experienced post-magmatic ***,the in situ Pb isotopic composition of feldspar in ancient granitoids may also potentially be used to reveal later tectonothermal *** extensive resetting of the Pb isotopic composition in feldspar by regional thermal events may also provide new insights into our understanding of the Pb isotope paradox.

关键词： in situ Pb isotope Pb isotope resetting thermal event Archean-Paleoproterozoic Kongling terrane

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Impact of fluorine on crystal-melt separation in high-silica magma: Insights from muscovite in the Ramba leucogranite of Tethyan Himalaya

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Journal of earth science 2024年

作者： Li-Ran Chen Wang-Chun Xu Lian-Xun Wang Hong-Fei Zhang wuhan state key laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources， and School of earth sciences， china university of geosciences

The process of crystal-melt separation in the high-silica magmatic mush is still a subject of debate. To explore the process， we conducted a detailed study of Late Miocene leucogranites (SiO2＞70 wt.%) in the Ramba Dome of the Tethyan Himalaya， focusing on the genesis and fluorine content of muscovite. The Ramba leucogranites consist of two-mica granite with minor garnet-bearing granite. Large and euhedral muscovites are found in both types of granite exhibiting different geochemical features. The muscovites from the two-mica granites exhibit lower F (mean value: ～0.41–0.43 wt.%)， FeO (mean value: ～1.75–1.81 wt.%)， but higher TiO2(mean value: ～0.61–0.73 wt.%) contents compared to those from the garnet-bearing granites (mean F value: ～0.72%; mean FeO value: 2.48 wt.%; mean TiO2value: ～0.23 wt.%). According to geochemical criteria， we categorized the muscovites from the two-mica granite as two groups: (1) crystallized from the early magma， and (2) formed from interstitial residual melt. In comparison， the muscovite from the garnet-bearing granite was likely crystallized from residual melt extracted from the same magmatic reservoir which underwent a higher degree of evolution. Accordingly， the two-mica granite represents the residual crystal mush consisting of early crystals crystallized from magma and trapped interstitial residual melt， while the garnet-bearing granite represents the aggregation of extracted residual melt. We examined the possibility of crystal-melt separation by estimating the variation of fluorine content and viscosity between the early magma and residual melt. Our results indicate a notable disparity in fluorine content between the residual melt (mean value: ～4364 ppm) and the early magma (mean value: ～2033 ppm). As a result， the estimated viscosity experiences a reduction from 106.52Pa s for the early magma to 105.87Pa s for the residual melt. The fluorine enrichment could have played a critical role in decreasing melt viscosity and initiating crys

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New Discovery of the Jinshui Tin Deposit in the Middle Section of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt,Northwestern china:mineralization Age and Exploration Significance

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Journal of earth science 2024年第4期35卷 1373-1377页

作者： Xingkai Zhang Shao-Yong Jiang Hui-Min Su Wei Wang Qinglin Xia Yunpeng Liu Shien Li state key laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Strategic Mineral ResourcesSchool of Earth ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Third geological Exploration Institute of Qinghai Nonferrous geological and mineral Exploration Bureau Xining 810000China

Tin,as one of the most important critical metals,has at-tracted great attention worldwide(Jiang et al.,2023,2020).china has the largest amount of tin resources in the world,ac-counting for nearly one-fourth of the world’s total(Jiang et al.,2020;Chen and Sheng,2015).Tin deposits in china mainly occur in the Nanling Range in southern china,the Sanjiang Basin in southwestern china,and the Great Xing’an Range in northeastern china,which account for 98%of the country’s tin resources,whereas tin deposits are relatively rare in north-western china(Ni et al.,2023;Chen et al.,2014,1992).

关键词： Middle northeastern southwestern

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First Record of Middle Eocene Elephant Ancestors’Footprints in the Gonjo Basin,East Tibet Plateau

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Journal of earth science 2024年第4期35卷 1224-1235页

作者： Asma Tahir Huazhou Yao Junaid Khan Yangui Li He Zhao Yue Yu Tang Yuan Institute of geological Survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China wuhan Center China Geological SurveyWuhan430205China state key laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources Wuhan430078China Chengdu Center China Geological SurveyChengdu610081China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

It is the first time that the fossil footprints of a group of Middle Eocene elephant ancestors have been discovered in the Gonjo Basin,East Tibet *** Gonjo Formation is attributed to the Middle Eocene Epoch(U-Pb age=44.7±1.2 Ma)and consists mainly of purplish-red,medium-to coarse-grained sandstones,siltstones interbedded with mudstones,and conglomerates with sedimentary structures like ripple marks,rip-up clasts,and trough-cross bedding,suggesting fluvial-lacustrine *** group of fossil footprints has a characteristic oval-concave shape,and the toe impressions are *** fossil footprints are overstepped with a pockmarked texture resembling Proboscipeda *** than 165 fossil footprints of the group are relatively well-preserved with different diameters,which is evidence of highly social behavior and trackmakers of different ages,including calves,juveniles,adolescents,and *** size frequency of the fossil footprints enabled us to deduce the body mass,shoulder height,and hip-height distribution of the trackmakers that crossed the East Tibet Plateau 44.7 Ma *** trackmakers comprised an estimated average hip-height of 111.8 cm,an average shoulder height of 172.8 cm for males/155.9 cm for females,and an average body mass of approximately 1218.1 kg for males/907.8 kg for *** abundance of fossil footprints reveals that in the Middle Eocene Epoch,the environment was extraordinarily conducive for the elephant ancestors to live in the East Tibet region.

关键词： Proboscipeda enigmatica East Tibet Plateau Gonjo Formation fossil footprints fluvial-lacustrine

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First Record of Cyclocarya from the Early Oligocene Qaidam Basin,North Tibet:Implications for the Paleogeography and Paleoecology

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Journal of earth science 2024年第1期35卷 201-211页

作者： Yafei Hou Bowen Song Xiangchuan Li Fang Han Xu Zhang Kexin Zhang Institute of geological Survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China faculty of Materials science and Chemistry China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China state key laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China College of earth sciences and resources&key laboratory of Western mineral resources and geological Engineering of the Ministry of Education Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China state key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of earth sciences East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China

As the largest intermontane basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau(TP),the Qaidam Basin provides unique insight into paleoclimatic change and its relationship with global change and uplift on the *** this study,based on morphological comparison,fossil fruit of Cyclocarya from the Early Oligocene Shangganchaigou Formation in the Qaidam Basin is assigned as Cyclocarya *** discovery of Cyclocarya *** demonstrates the occurrence of Cyclocarya in the Oligocene sediment in Qaidam *** is the first record of Cyclocarya fossil of Early Oligocene Age in china and indicates that Cyclocarya has existed on the northeastern TP since at least the Early *** living analogues of the current fossil now lives in sub-tropical china,where the East Asian Monsoon is *** the new fossils and previously reported fossil remains of plants and fishes,it can be inferred that the Early Oligocene Qaidam Basin was primarily influenced by westerly circulation and had a relatively warm and humid climate,which was in sharp contrast to the present-day climate in Qaidam Basin.

关键词： biostratigraphy climate change winged-fruit fossil Qaidam Basin Early Oligocene paleoclimate paleogeography

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An Advanced Image Processing Technique for Backscatter-Electron Data by Scanning Electron Microscopy for Microscale Rock Exploration

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Journal of earth science 2024年第1期35卷 301-305页

作者： Zhaoliang Hou Kunfeng Qiu Tong Zhou Yiwei Cai Frontiers science Center for Deep-time Digital earth China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Department of Geology University of ViennaVienna 1090Austria state key laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources School of Earth Sciences and ResourcesChinaUniversity of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

Backscatter electron analysis from scanning electron microscopes(BSE-SEM)produces high-resolution image data of both rock samples and thin-sections,showing detailed structural and geochemical(mineralogical)*** allows an in-depth exploration of the rock microstructures and the coupled chemical characteristics in the BSE-SEM image to be made using image processing *** image processing is a powerful tool for revealing the more subtle data“hidden”in a picture,it is not a commonly employed method in geoscientific microstructural ***,we briefly introduce the general principles of image processing,and further discuss its application in studying rock microstructures using BSE-SEM image data.

关键词： Image processing rock microstructures electron-based imaging data mining

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Long-lived lunar volcanism sustained by precession-driven core-mantle friction

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National science Review 2024年第2期11卷 114-123页

作者： Shuoran Yu Xiao Xiao Shengxia Gong Nicola Tosi Jun Huang Doris Breuer Long Xiao Dongdong Ni state key laboratory of Lunar and Planetary sciences Macau University of Science and Technology Planetary science Institute State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences CAS key laboratory of Planetary sciences Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Institute of Planetary Research German Aerospace Centre(DLR)

Core-mantle friction induced by the precession of the Moon's spin axis is a strong heat source in the deep lunar mantle during the early phase of a satellite's evolution, but its influence on the long-term thermal evolution still remains poorly explored. Using a one-dimensional thermal evolution model, we show that core-mantle friction can sustain global-scale partial melting in the upper lunar mantle until ～3.1 Ga, thus accounting for the intense volcanic activity on the Moon before ～3.0 Ga. Besides, core-mantle friction tends to suppress the secular cooling of the lunar core and is unlikely to be an energy source for the long-lived lunar core dynamo. Our model also favours the transition of the Cassini state before the end of the lunar magma ocean phase(～4.2 Ga), which implies a decreasing lunar obliquity over time after the solidification of the lunar magma ocean. Such a trend of lunar obliquity evolution may allow volcanically released water to be buried in the lunar regolith of the polar regions. As a consequence, local water ice could be more abundant than previously thought when considering only its accumulation caused by solar wind and comet spreading.

关键词： Moon precession orbit volcanism

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Partitioning Anatolian Kinematics into Tectonic Escape and Slab Rollback Dominated Domains

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Journal of earth science 2024年第3期35卷 758-768页

作者： Jiannan Meng Timothy M.Kusky Erdin Bozkurt Hao Deng Ozan Sinoplu state key laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources Center for Global TectonicsSchool of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Badong National Observatory and Research Station for Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of geological Engineering Middle East Technical University06800 AnkaraTurkey Department of geosciences Auburn UniversityAuburn AL 36849USA

Anatolia is the global archetype of tectonic escape,as witnessed by the devastating 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence,and the 2020 Samos earthquake,which show different kinematics related to the framework of the escape *** Positioning System(GPS)motions of the wedge-shaped plate differ regionally from northwestwards to southwestwards(from east to west).Anatolia was extruded westward from the Arabian-Eurasian collision along the North and East Anatolian fault systems,rotating counterclockwise into the oceanic free-faces of the Mediterranean and Aegean,with dramatic extension of western Anatolia in traditional ***,which is the dominant mechanism for this change in kinematics,extrusion related to the Arabia/Eurasia collision or rollback of the African slab beneath western Anatolia is still *** assess the dominant driving mechanisms across Anatolia,we analyze recent GPS velocity datasets,and decomposed them into N-S and E-W components,revealing that westward motion is essentially constant across the whole plate and consistent with the slip rates of the North and East Anatolia fault zones,while southward components increase dramatically in the transition area between central and western Anatolia,where a slab tear is *** phenomenon is related to different tectonic driving *** ArabiaEurasia collision drives the Anatolian Plate uniformly westwards while western Anatolia is progressively more affected by the southward retreating African subducting slab west of the Aegean/Cypriot slab tear,which significantly increases the southward component of the velocity field and causes the apparent curve of the whole modern velocity *** 2020 and 2023 earthquake focal mechanisms also confirm that the northward colliding Arabian Plate forced Anatolia to the west,and the retreating African slab is pulling the upper plate of western Anatolian apart in *** propose that the Anatolian Plate is moving westwards as

关键词： tectonics neotectonics tectonic escape slab rollback Anatolian Plate GPS velocity field geodynamics.

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