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Continuous flow pyrolysis of virgin and waste polyolefins:a comparative study,process optimization and product characterization

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2024年第6期18卷 133-149页

作者： Ecrin Ekici Güray Yildiz Magdalena Joka Yildiz Monika Kalinowska ErolŞeker Jiawei Wang Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyEggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany Izmir Institute of Technology Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Energy Systems EngineeringIzmir 35430Türkiye Department of Materials engineering and Production Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBialystok University of TechnologyBialystok 15-351Poland Department of Agricultural and Food engineering and environmental Development Institute of Civil Engineering and EnergeticsFaculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental SciencesBialystok University of Technology15-351 BialystokPoland Department of Chemistry Biology and BiotechnologyInstitute of Civil Engineering and EnergeticsFaculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental SciencesBialystok University of TechnologyBialystok 15-351Poland Izmir Institute of Technology Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringIzmir 35430Türkiye Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute(EBRI) Aston UniversityBirmingham B47ETUnited Kingdom

Under optimal process conditions,pyrolysis of polyolefins can yield ca.90 wt%of liquid product,i.e.,combination of light oil fraction and heavier *** this work,the experimental findings reported in a selected group of publications concerning the non-catalytic pyrolysis of polyolefins were collected,reviewed,and compared with the ones obtained in a continuously operated bench-scale pyrolysis *** process parameters were used for the pyrolysis of waste and virgin counterparts of high-density polyethylene,low-density polyethylene,polypropylene and a defined mixture of those(i.e.,25:25:50 wt%,respectively).To mitigate temperature drops and enhance heat transfer,an increased feed intake is employed to create a hot melt plastic *** 1.5 g·min^(-1) feed intake,1.1 L·min^(-1) nitrogen flow rate,and a moderate pyrolysis temperature of 450℃,the formation of light hydrocarbons was favored,while wax formation was limited for polypropylene-rich *** of virgin plastics yielded more liquid(maximum 73.3 wt%)than that of waste plastics(maximum 66 wt%).Blending polyethylenes with polypropylene favored the production of liquids and increased the formation of gasoline-range *** products were mainly composed of C3 hydrocarbons,and no hydrogen production was detected due to moderate pyrolysis temperature.

关键词： waste plastics polyolefins chemical recycling pyrolysis alternative fuels waste-to-energy

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Stability of water yield in watersheds

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 483-496页

作者： Yu YAN Zhiyong LIU Xiaohong CHEN Liyan HUANG Center for Water Resources and environment School of Civil EngineeringSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China Southern Marine Science and engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai519082China

The hydrological system of a watershed is intricately influenced by both underlying characteristics and climate *** the variability in water yield is essential for effective water resources management and water security in the context of changing *** this study,we adopted the Budyko framework and leveraged simulations from the CMIP6 model to investigate the compensation effects of climate and underlying characteristics on watershed water *** on Taylor expansion and Budyko framework,we estimated the sensitivity of watershed water yield to climate and underlying characteristics(the first-and second-order partial derivatives).By combining external watershed characteristics(e.g.,water yield ratios and underlying characteristics)with internal sensitivity coefficients,this study further used vine copula and principal component analysis to quantify the stability of watershed water *** findings show:(1)Water-yield changes related to underlying characteristics could be offset by climate-related water-yield changes across all climate zones,maintaining the water yield ratio steady(i.e.,the compensation effects).(2)However,global watersheds will turn more sensitive to underlying characteristics and less sensitive to climate variation in the *** climate-and underlying-related sensitivities increase in watersheds with arid climates.(3)The stability of watershed water yield will gradually diminish in the *** 1901–1950to 2051–2100,the global stability of 280 watersheds drops from 0.054 to 0.021(i.e.,stability index identified by the joint probability).Particularly,the largest change in stability of water yield reaches-0.347±0.18 in arid *** semi-arid,semihumid,and humid regions,the changes are-0.039±0.010,-0.028±0.005,and-0.005±0.002,*** findings provide a reference for the future sustainable water resources development under climate change,highlighting the vulnerability of the water resources in ari

关键词： Hydrological system stability Compensation effects on water yield Sensitivities Budyko-Fu decomposition framework Global watersheds

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Evaluating different levels of information on the calibration of building energy simulation models

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Building Simulation 2024年第4期17卷 657-676页

作者： Siyu Cheng Zeynep Duygu Tekler Hongyuan Ji Wenxin Li Adrian Chong Department of the Built environment College of Design and EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Architecture DriveSingapore117566Singapore School of civil engineering and Architecture Chongqing University of Science and TechnologyChongqing401331China School of Energy and environment Southeast UniversityNanjing210096China

A poorly calibrated model undermines confidence in the effectiveness of building energy simulation, impeding the widespread application of advanced energy conservation measures (ECMs). Striking a balance between information-gathering efforts and achieving sufficient model credibility is crucial but often obscured by ambiguities. To address this gap, we model and calibrate a test bed with different levels of information (LOI). Beginning with an initial model based on building geometry (LOI 1), we progressively introduce additional information, including nameplate information (LOI 2), envelope conductivity (LOI 3), zone infiltration rate (LOI 4), AHU fan power (LOI 5), and HVAC data (LOI 6). The models are evaluated for accuracy, consistency, and the robustness of their predictions. Our results indicate that adding more information for calibration leads to improved data fit. However, this improvement is not uniform across all observed outputs due to identifiability issues. Furthermore, for energy-saving analysis, adding more information can significantly affect the projected energy savings by up to two times. Nevertheless, for ECM ranking, models that did not meet ASHRAE 14 accuracy thresholds can yield correct retrofit decisions. These findings underscore equifinality in modeling complex building systems. Clearly, predictive accuracy is not synonymous with model credibility. Therefore, to balance efforts in information-gathering and model reliability, it is crucial to (1) determine the minimum level of information required for calibration compatible with its intended purpose and (2) calibrate models with information closely linked to all outputs of interest, particularly when simultaneous accuracy for multiple outputs is necessary.

关键词： calibration building energy simulation(BES) energy conservation measure(ECM) level of information field measurements

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Breakthrough of Carbon-Ash Recalcitrance in Hydrochar via Molten Carbonate:engineering Mineral-Rich Biowaste Toward Sustainable Platform Carbon Materials

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engineering 2024年第5期36卷 167-177页

作者： Zihan Wang Leli Zhang Yuanhui Zhang Zhidan Liu Laboratory of environment-Enhancing Energy(E2E) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and EnvironmentMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Water Resources and Civil EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Agricultural and Biological engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

The function-led design of porous hydrochar from mineral-rich biowaste for environmental applications inevitably suffers from carbon-ash ***,a method to alter the original carbon skeleton with ash remains elusive and hinders the availability of ***,we propose a facile strategy for breaking the rigid structure of carbon-ash coupled hydrochar using phase-tunable molten carbonates.A case system was designed in which livestock manure and NaHCO3 were used to prepare the activated hydrochar,and NH3 served as the target *** to the redox effect,we found that organic fractions significantly advanced the melting temperature of Na2CO3 below 800℃.The Na species steadily broke the carbon-ash interaction as the thermal intensity increased and transformed inorganic constituents to facilitate ash dissolution,rebuilding the hydrochar skeleton with abundant hierarchical channels and active defect *** surface polarity and mesopore distribution collectively governed the five cycles NH3 adsorption attenuation *** hydrochar delivered favorable potential for application with a maximum overall adsorption capacity of 100.49 mg·g^(-1).Integrated spectroscopic characterization and theoretical computations revealed that incorporating NH3 on the carbon surface could transfer electrons to chemisorbed oxygen,which promoted the oxidation of pyridine-N during *** work offers deep insight into the structure function correlation of hydrochar and inspires a more rational design of engineered hydrochar from high-ash biowaste.

关键词： Hydrochar Livestock manure Ammonia adsorption Deashing Oxygen activation

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Enhanced remediation of chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil by immobilized strain Bacillus H27

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第10期144卷 172-184页

作者： Changrui Liu Shengfang Wen Shuhan Li Yu Tian Lanjun Wang Lusheng Zhu Jun Wang Young Mo Kim Jinhua Wang National engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of ShandongCollege of Resources and EnvironmentShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian 271018China Department of civil and environmental engineering Hanyang UniversitySeongdong-guSeoul 04763Korea

Chlorpyrifos is a pesticide widely used in agricultural production with a relatively long residual half-life in *** the problem of residual chlorpyrifos is of universal *** this study,rice hull biochar was used as an immobilized carrier to prepare the immobilized strain H27 for the remediation of chlorpyrifos-contamination *** microorganisms after remediation were investigated by ecotoxicological *** immobilized strain H27 had the highest removal rate of chlorpyrifos when 10%bacterial solution was added to the liquid medium containing 0.075-0.109 mm diameter biochar cultured for 22 *** study on the removal of chlorpyrifos by immobilized strain H27 showed that the initial concentration of chlorpyrifos in solution was 25mg/L,and the removal rate reached 97.4%after 7 days of *** the soil,the removal rate of the immobilized bacteria group increased throughout the experiment,which was significantly higher than that of the free bacteria and biochar treatment *** Biolog-ECO test,T-RFLP and RT-RCR were used to study the effects of the soil microbial community and nitrogen cycling functional genes during chlorpyrifos *** was found that ICP group had the highest diversity index among the four treatment *** microflora of segment containing 114 bp was the dominant bacterial community,and the dominant microflora of the immobilized bacteria group was more evenly *** influence of each treatment group on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)was greater than on ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA).This study offers a sound scientific basis for the practical application of immobilized bacteria to reduce residual soil pesticides.

关键词： Chlorpyrifos Immobilized microorganisms Soil remediation Soil microorganism

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Quasi-static and dynamic compressive behaviour of additively manufactured Menger fractal cube structures

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 39-49页

作者： Damith Mohotti Dakshitha Weerasinghe Madhusha Bogahawaththa Hongxu Wang Kasun Wijesooriya Paul JHazell School of engineering and Technology UNSWCanberraACT2600Australia School of civil Mining and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia

This paper presents the first-ever investigation of Menger fractal cubes'quasi-static compression and impact *** cubes with different void ratios were 3D printed using polylactic acid(PLA)with dimensions of 40 mm×40 mm×40 *** different orders of Menger cubes with different void ratios were considered,namely M1 with a void ratio of 0.26,M2 with a void ratio of 0.45,and M3with a void ratio of ***-static Compression tests were conducted using a universal testing machine,while the drop hammer was used to observe the behaviour under impact *** fracture mechanism,energy efficiency and force-time histories were *** the structured nature of the void formation and predictability of the failure modes,the Menger geometry showed some promise compared to other alternatives,such as foams and *** the increasing void ratio,the Menger geometries show force-displacement behaviour similar to hyper-elastic materials such as rubber and *** third-order Menger cubes showed the highest energy absorption efficiency compared to the other two geometries in this *** findings of the present work reveal the possibility of using additively manufactured Menger geometries as an energy-efficient system capable of reducing the transmitting force in applications such as crash barriers.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Fractal geometries Menger cube Energy absorption Quasi-static

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Critical layer in liquid-solid system influencing the remediation of chromium using zeolite-supported sulfide nano zero-valent iron

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 232-241页

作者： Chundi Zhou Caiyun Han Nengsheng Liu faculty of Material and environment Guangxi University for NationalitiesNanning 530008China College of environmental Science and engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China faculty of Metallurgical and Energy engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China

Sulfidated nano zero-valent iron particles were immobilized on ZSM-5 zeolite(Z/S-nZⅥ)and used for hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))*** performance of Z/S-nZⅥimproved with the increase in Cr(Ⅵ)concentration(0.6).Moreover,the removal mechanisms of Cr(Ⅵ)were elucidated through XRD,transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and XPS *** results demonstrate that the species of chromium in the critical layer changed from Cr(Ⅲ)to Cr(Ⅵ)as the concentration of chromium increased from low to ***,the critical layer was composed of Cr(Ⅵ),Fe(Ⅱ),O and H ***,the experiments of coexisting ions and aging time confirmed that Z/S-nZⅥpossessed high selectivity and stability to ensure efficiency and cost-effectiveness in practical applications.

关键词： Cr(VI) Corrosion Critical layer Selectivity Stability

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Effects of plug tray cell size on the growth of Atractylodes Chinensis (DC) Koidz seedlings

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2024年第4期17卷 45-52页

作者： Kaixuan Shi Juwen Liang Fang Ji Dongxian He Key Laboratory of Agricultural engineering in Structure and environment of MARA College of Water Resources&Civil EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

Atractylodes Chinensis(DC)Koidz is a perennial herb often used as a prescription medicine for influenza,to invigorate the spleen and remove *** quality of the herb is determined by the quality of the *** traditional *** seedling production technique has nonuniform seedlings and low *** plug seedling technique was used to produce *** *** study was conducted to determine the growth characteristics of *** seedlings according to the cell size of plug trays and number of days after *** height,stem diameter,rhizome diameter,number of leaves,leaf area,and shoot dry and fresh weight of *** seedlings were significantly higher in the P32-D treatment than in the P72,P50,and P32 treatments,but not significantly different from the P28-D treatment 60 d after *** P28-D treatment resulted in a considerable drop in rhizome fresh weight and healthy seedling index,both of which are key indicators for assessing seedling *** the differences in Pn among treatments were not significantly different,Tr was considerably greater in *** seedlings treated with P32-D and P28-D than in the other three *** P32-D and P28-D treatments had considerably greater potential maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII,quantum yield of photosystem II,photochemical quenching and electron transport rate than the other three *** vitality of *** seedlings was significantly stronger in the P32-D treatment than in the other four treatments,and it was 1.9 times higher than in the P28-D *** soluble protein,soluble sugar,and starch contents of *** seedlings were highest in the P32-D treatment,but the differences among treatments were not ***,EUE,PY and EY were significantly higher in the P32-D treatment than in the other four treatments,being 1.3,1.3,1.4 and 1.4 times higher than in P28-D,*** the other hand,as for the change in the gro

关键词： Atractylodes Chinensis(DC)Koidz plug seedling plug tray cell size

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Bicarbonate used as a buffer for controlling nutrient solution pH value during the growth of hydroponic lettuce

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2024年第3期17卷 59-67页

作者： Mengxue Zhang Wenxin Wang Luming Zhong Fang Ji Dongxian He Key Laboratory of Agricultural engineering in Structure and environment of MARA College of Water Resources&Civil EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

Unstable pH of nutrient solution in hydroponic systems is a major obstacle to *** simplify the management of nutrient solution pH and attenuate negative effects of pH on plant growth,this study investigated the effect of different buffer salt additions on nutrient solution pH,ion uptake,growth and photosynthesis of Yamazaki lettuce,with the equivalent concentrations of macro-element *** results indicated that the pH of nutrient solution was buffered to varying degrees by the 2 mol/L HCO_(3)^(-),1 mol/L HCO_(3)^(-),and 0.33 mol/L HPO_(4)^(2-)The 0.33 mol/L HPO_(4)^(2-)treatment fluctuated most with a pH of 1.74 units,while the addition of HCO_(3)^(-)buffered nutrient solution pH was better,with higher pH values(7.2-7.7).The CK-pH control solution,1 mol/L HCO_(3)^(-)and 0.33 mol/L HPO_(4)^(2-)treatments all promoted the uptake of ion and then the growth of lettuce was better in comparison with the CK-pH no adjustment treatment,while the 2 mol/L HCO_(3)^(-)treatment inhibited K uptake and reduced the availability of Fe,the shoot and root fresh weight of lettuce decreased by 21.3%and 10.1%,*** addition,although the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate under 1 mol/L HCO_(3)^(-)and 0.33 mol/L HPO_(4)^(2-)treatments were significantly lower than the CK-pH control solution treatment,there were no significant differences in leaf length and leaf number of lettuce among them,and shoot fresh weight per plant was 83.09,82.95,and 78.92 g,*** conclusion,adding 1 mol/L HCO_(3)^(-)to the nutrient solution in a single dosage not only buffered the pH of nutrient solution better but also promoted ion uptake,it had no negative effects on the growth,photosynthesis and ion uptake of hydroponic lettuce in comparison with the CK-pH control solution ***,1 mol/L HCO_(3)^(-)can be used as a buffer during the growth of hydroponic lettuce and reduce frequent addition of acids or alkalis,and then simplify the management of nut

关键词： pH buffer nutrient solution hydroponic lettuce growth ion uptake

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Experimental Investigation of the Operating Characteristics of a Pulsating Heat Pipe with Ultra-Pure Water and Micro Encapsulated Phase Change Material Suspension

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 457-468页

作者： SHI Weixiu SU Xiaoyang CHEN Hongdi PAN Lisheng Beijing engineering Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Buildings Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing100044China School of environment and Energy engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing100044China State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

The specific heat capacity of working fluid is an important influence factor on heat transfer characteristic of the pulsating heat pipe(PHP).Due to the relatively large specific heat capacity of micro encapsulated phase change material(MEPCM) suspension,a heat transfer performance experimental facility of the PHP was *** heat transfer characteristic with MEPCM suspension of different mass concentrations(0.5% and 1.0%) and ultra-pure water were compared *** was found that when the PHP uses MEPCM suspension as its working fluid,operating stability is impoverished under lower heating power and the operating stability is better under higher heating *** the inclination angle of 90°,the temperature at heating side decreases compared to ultra-pure water and the temperature at heating side decreases with the raising of MEPCM suspension mass *** heat transfer characteristic of the PHP is positively correlated with the inclination angle and the 90° is *** unfavorable effect of the inclination angle decreases with heating power *** the inclination angle is 90°,the PHP with MEPCM suspension at 1.0% of mass concentration has the lowest thermal transfer resistance and followed by ultra-pure water and MEPCM suspension at 0.5% of mass concentration has the highest thermal transfer *** the inclination angles are 60° and30°,the effect of gravity on the flow direction is reduced to 86.6% and 50% of that on the inclination angle of 90°,respectively,and the promoting effect of gravity on the working fluid is further weakened as the inclination angle further *** to the high viscosity of MEPCM suspension,the PHP with ultra-pure water has the lowest heat transfer *** the inclination angles is 60°,the thermal resistance with MEPCM suspension at0.5% of the mass concentration is lower than that at 1.0% at the heating power below 230 *** thermal resistance of MEPCM suspension tends to be simila

关键词： pulsating heat pipe(PHP) micro encapsulated phase change material(MEPCM) heat transfer characteristic inclination angle

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