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Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development, antioxidants, tight junctions, and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： James K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management University of Debrecen faculty of Agriculture and Food sciences and environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal Science University of Debrecen Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management University of Debrecen Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Debrecen Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of Debrecen Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen

Methionine(Met) is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth. The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and health. Fertilized eggs of the two genotypes, TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype, were randomly distributed into four treatments for each genotype. The treatment groups include the following: 1) control non-injected eggs(NoIn); 2) saline-injected(SaIn); 3) DL-Met injected(DLM); and 4) L-Met injected(LM). The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development; after hatching, eight chicks per group were sacrificed, and the jejunum was extracted for analysis. The results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width, villus height, and villus area(P < 0.05) compared to the control. The DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth, glutathione(GSH) content, glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3), occludin(OCLN) gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(P < 0.05). The HPC genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1) gene, tricellulin(MD2), occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(P < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development, and function, with genotypes responding differently under normal conditions. Genotypes also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants, tight junction, and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

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Real-time,single-particle chemical composition,volatility and mixing state measurements of urban aerosol particles in southwest China

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第2期136卷 361-371页

作者： Luyao Chen Junke Zhang Jiaqi Li Xiaojuan Huang Yuzheng Xiang Jing Chen Tingru Pan Wei Zhang faculty of Geosciences and environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China School of Atmospheric sciences Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Sichuan environmental Monitoring Center Chengdu 610074China

To investigate the volatility of atmospheric particulates and the evolution of other particulate properties(chemical composition,particle size distribution and mixing state)with temperature,a thermodenuder coupled with a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer was used to conduct continuous observations of atmospheric fine particles in Chengdu,southwest *** of their complex sources and secondary reaction processes,the average mass spectra of single particles contained a variety of chemical components(including organic,inorganic and metal species).When the temperature rose from room temperature to280℃,the relative areas of volatile and semi-volatile components decreased,while the relative areas of less or non-volatile components ***(>80%)nitrate and sulfate existed in the form of NH_(4)NO_(3)and(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4),and their volatilization temperatures were50–100℃and 150–280℃,*** contribution of biomass burning(BB)and vehicle emission(VE)particles increased significantly at 280℃,which emphasized the important role of regional biomass burning and local motor vehicle emissions to the core of *** the increase in temperature,the particle size of the particles coated with volatile or semi-volatile components was reduced,and their mixing with secondary inorganic components was significantly *** formation of K-nitrate(KNO_(3))and K-sulfate(KSO_(4))particles was dominated by liquid-phase processes and photochemical reactions,*** KNO_(3)and BB particles is the key to improving *** new results are helpful towards better understanding the initial sources,pollution formation mechanisms and climatic effects of fine particulate matter in this megacity in southwest China.

关键词： Atmospheric fine particles TD-SPAMS Chemical composition Volatility Mixing state

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Dynamics of the spatiotemporal velocity of glaciers on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga,China,under climate change

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 490-499页

作者： Yin FU Bo ZHANG Qiao LIU Guo-Xiang LIU Rui ZHANG Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China faculty of Geosciences and environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China

The quantitative assessment of glacier flow velocity dynamics plays a pivotal role in understanding its response mechanisms concerning climate *** work provides a systematic quantitative assessment of the deceleration status of glaciers in this region by investigating the motion evolution of typical glaciers in Mount Gongga in recent years,thereby revealing the seasonal dynamics and inter-annual evolution over an extensive time *** used the optical flow-small baseline subset(OF-SBAS)method to compute the time-series velocities of the Hai-luogou Glacier and the Mozigou Glacier using 178 archived Sentinel-1 satellite synthetic aperture radar(SAR)images from 2014 to *** findings revealed a prominent seasonal pattern in glacier motion,characterised by cyclic variations in velocity from cold to warm ***,we identified variations in velocities across distinct regions of the glacier surface,underscored by the lag in the peak time node of glacier flow with increasing *** pattern may have been determined by a combination of internal and external factors,including mass accumulation and ablation-driven subglacial drainage,as well as the glacier geomorphological ***,during 2015-2021,the glaciers on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga exhibited an overarching trend of ***,the ablation area of the Hailuogou Glacier recorded the most substantial deceleration,exceeding 8%per *** study underscores the efficacy of the OF-SBAS method in extracting long-term glacier *** work also establishes a robust foundation for the analysis of spatiotemporal fluctuations in glacier movement within the context of climate warming.

关键词： Monsoonal temperate glaciers Synthetic aperture radar(SAR) Glacier movement Hailuogou glacier Mozigou glacier Optical flow-small baseline subset(OF-SBAS)

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Effects of acid deposition control in China:a review based on responses of subtropical forests

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 115-126页

作者： Danni Xie Xiaodong Ge Lei Duan Jan Mulder School of Land Engineering Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China State Key Laboratory of environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China faculty of environmental sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesBox 5003NO-1432ÅsNorway

For many decades,acid deposition used to pose a significant regional air pollution challenge in *** substantial emission control of anthropogenically derived sulfur and nitrogen containing gasses,both sulfur and nitrogen deposition,as well as the acid rain-affected area,have significantly decreased compared to their peak ***,particularly in the humid subtropics,are sensitive to acid deposition,as evidenced by soil acidification,sulfate and nitrate leaching in stream water,and elevated soil nitrous oxide *** in the total deposition of sulfur and nitrogen,caused a significant decline in sulfate and nitrate leaching from subtropical forest and subsequently in sulfate and nitrate concentrations in stream water,although there was about a 5-year *** delay may be attributed to the desorption of accumulated sulfate and continued elevated mineralization of accumulated nitrogen *** of nitrous oxide,a potent greenhouse gas,also declined in nitrogen-saturated subtropical forest soils,as soil water nitrate concentration ***,subtropical forests in China suffering from elevated acid deposition have begun to ***,the current levels of sulfur and nitrogen deposition continue to exceed the critical loads,i.e.,the assigned threshold levels in accordance with emission control policies,in more than 10%of the country’s land area,respectively,indicating remaining risks of acidification and ***,further emission reductions are urgently needed,also because they will help achieving goals related to air quality and nitrous oxide emissions.

关键词： Acidification Critical load Nitrous oxide Surface water chemistry Recovery

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Contrasting compositions of PM_(2.5)in Northern Thailand during La Nina(2017)and El Nino(2019)years

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第1期135卷 585-599页

作者： Pavidarin Kraisitnitikul Duangduean Thepnuan Sarana Chansuebsri Nuttipon Yabueng Wan Wiriya Supattarachai Saksakulkrai Zongbo Shi Somporn Chantara environmental Science Research Center Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and TechnologyChiang Mai Rajabhat UniversityChiang Mai50300Thailand Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK

There have been a very limited number of systematic studies on PM_(2.5)compositions and their source contribution in Southeast *** study aims to explore the characteristics of PM_(2.5)composition collected in Chiang Mai(Thailand)during La Nina and El Nino years and to apportion their sources during smoke haze and non-haze *** average PM_(2.5)concentration of smoke haze episode in 2019(El Nino)was much higher than in 2017(La Nina).The ratios of organic carbon(OC)to elemental carbon(EC),as well as K(biomass burning(BB)tracer)to PM_(2.5),were higher during smoke haze episodes in 2019 than in 2017 indicating a significant influence from *** ratios of secondary organic carbon(SOC)levels to primary organic carbon(POC)levels during smoke haze episodes were higher than those in non-haze period,which indicated greater SOC contributions or more photo-oxidation of precursors in haze episodes with high ambient ***,the ratios of soil markers(Ca and Mg)during non-haze period were high implying that soil source contributed more to PM_(2.5)concentrations when there less BB *** positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model revealed that the source of BB,characterized by high K fractions,was the largest contributor during smoke haze episodes accounting for 50%(2017)and 79%(2019).Climate conditions influence meteorological patterns,particularly during incidences of extreme weather such as droughts,which affect the scale and frequency of open burning and thus air pollution levels.

关键词： Climate Air pollution Metals Carbon Biomass burning Source identification

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ZmCER1,a putative ECERIFERUM 1 protein in maize,functions in cuticular wax biosynthesis and bulliform cell development

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 743-752页

作者： Yan Zhao Qingzhi Liu Xueran Wang Weixiao Zhang Wei Xu Yongzhong Zhang Baoshen Liu College of agronomy Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018ShandongChina Qingdao Academy of Agricultural sciences Qingdao 266100ShandongChina

The cuticular wax,acting as the ultimate defense barrier,is essential for the normal morphogenesis of plant *** this importance,the connection between wax composition and leaf development has not been thoroughly *** this study,we characterized a new maize mutant,ragged leaf4(rgd4),which exhibits crinkled and ragged leaves starting from the sixth leaf *** phenotype of rgd4 is conferred by ZmCER1,which encoding an aldehyde decarbonylase involved in wax ***1 function deficient mutant displayed reduced cuticular wax density and disordered bulliform cells(BCs),while ZmCER1 overexpressing plants exhibited the opposite effects,indicating that ZmCER1 regulates cuticular wax biosynthesis and BCs ***,as the density of cuticular wax increased,the water loss rate of detached leaf decreases,suggesting that ZmCER1 is positively correlated with plant drought tolerance.

关键词： Ragged leaf ZmCER1 Cuticular wax Bulliform cells

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Improving the nutritional values of yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae as an animal feed ingredient: a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 35-52页

作者： Linggawastu Syahrulawal Magnhild Oust Torske Rumakanta Sapkota Geir Næss Prabhat Khanal Animal Science Production and Welfare DivisionFaculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversitySkolegata 22Steinkjer 7713Norway Department of environmental Science Faculty of Technical SciencesAarhus UniversityFrederiksborgvej 399Roskilde 4000Denmark

Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.

关键词： Alternative protein source Feed application Nutritional value Yellow mealworm

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Two-Stream Approximation to the Radiative Transfer Equation:A New Improvement and Comparative Accuracy with Existing Methods

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： F.Momo TEMGOUA L.Akana NGUIMDO DNJOMO environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory(EETL) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical modeling of the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is formalized by the radiative transfer equation(RTE), whose resolution calls for two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of the RTE with the development of the phase function and the intensity into a third-order series of Legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of the intensity and the phase function, allows in the conditions of a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical formulation of γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta Function and Modified Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with reference to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion function of the proposed New Method using the fundamental definition of two-stream approximation(F-TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision for wide domains of the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate from the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially for high values of optical thickness. In spite of this divergence in reflectance for high values of optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained for most cases of optical thickness in this study. An analysis of the Legendre polynomial series for simple functions shows that the high precision is due to the fact that the approximated functions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the function from which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of app

关键词： Radiative Transfer Equation two-stream method Legendre polynomial optical thickness moments of specific intensity conversion function transmittance reflectance

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Quasi-static and dynamic compressive behaviour of additively manufactured Menger fractal cube structures

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 39-49页

作者： Damith Mohotti Dakshitha Weerasinghe Madhusha Bogahawaththa Hongxu Wang Kasun Wijesooriya Paul JHazell School of Engineering and Technology UNSWCanberraACT2600Australia School of Civil Mining and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia

This paper presents the first-ever investigation of Menger fractal cubes'quasi-static compression and impact *** cubes with different void ratios were 3D printed using polylactic acid(PLA)with dimensions of 40 mm×40 mm×40 *** different orders of Menger cubes with different void ratios were considered,namely M1 with a void ratio of 0.26,M2 with a void ratio of 0.45,and M3with a void ratio of ***-static Compression tests were conducted using a universal testing machine,while the drop hammer was used to observe the behaviour under impact *** fracture mechanism,energy efficiency and force-time histories were *** the structured nature of the void formation and predictability of the failure modes,the Menger geometry showed some promise compared to other alternatives,such as foams and *** the increasing void ratio,the Menger geometries show force-displacement behaviour similar to hyper-elastic materials such as rubber and *** third-order Menger cubes showed the highest energy absorption efficiency compared to the other two geometries in this *** findings of the present work reveal the possibility of using additively manufactured Menger geometries as an energy-efficient system capable of reducing the transmitting force in applications such as crash barriers.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Fractal geometries Menger cube Energy absorption Quasi-static

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Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on sandstone in sunny and shady slopes

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2503-2515页

作者： Dian Xiao Xiaoyan Zhao Corrado Fidelibus Roberto Tomás Qiu Lu Hongwei Liu Academy of Railway sciences Corporation Limited BeijingChina faculty of Geosciences and environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduChina Department of Civil Engineering University of AlicanteAlicanteSpain Department of Innovation Engineering University of SalentoLecceItaly Department of Earth and environmental sciences University of Milano BicoccaMilanItaly

A growing rock engineering activity in cold regions is facing the threat of freeze-thaw(FT)weathering,especially in high mountains where the sunny-shady slope effects strongly control the difference in weathering behavior of *** this paper,an investigation of the degradation of petrophysical characteristics of sandstone specimens subjected to FT cycle tests to simulate the sunny-shady slope effects is *** this aim,non-destructive and repeatable testing techniques including weight,ultrasonic waves,and nuclear magnetic resonance methods on standard specimens were *** the sunny slope specimens,accompanied by the enlargement of small pores,100 FT cycles caused a significant decrease in P-wave velocity with an average of 23%,but a consistent rise of 0.18%in mass loss,34%in porosity,67%in pore geometrical mean radius,and a remarkable 14.5-fold increase in ***,slight changes with some abnormal trends in physical parameters of the shady slope specimens were observed during FT cycling,which can be attributed to superficial granular disaggregation and pore throat *** shocks enhance rock weathering on sunny slopes during FT cycles,while FT weathering on shady slopes is restricted to the small pores and the superficial *** two factors are primarily responsible for the differences in FT weathering intensity between sunny and shady *** conclusions derived from the interpretation of the experimental results may provide theoretical guidance for the design of slope-failure prevention measures and the selection of transportation routes in cold mountainous regions.

关键词： Sunny-shady slope Freeze and thaw Pore structure Tight rocks Talus slope Cold regions

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