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Tracing suspended and bed sediments during high and low water periods using geochemical characteristics-Case study:Vazrood watershed,northern Iran

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 470-483页

作者： KARIMI Nabiyeh GHOLAMI Leila KAVIAN Ataollah KHALEDI DARVISHAN Abdulvahed Department of Watershed management Faculty of Natural ResourcesSari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversitySari ***Iran Department of Watershed management Engineering Faculty of Natural ResourcesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoor ***Iran

Complete and comprehensive information about sediment dynamic and identification of hotspots of sediment production and transport are necessary for understanding the erosion processes and increasing the efficiency of soil and water conservation *** studies used the sediment fingerprint techniques to investigate the contribution of different sources in suspended and bed sediment yield of the ***,the contribution of various land use/land covers in suspended and bed sediment yield for the great Caspian Sea basin is in an aura of ambiguity and the present study was conducted to gather information about an important part of this area in northern Iran,where rangelands are located upstream of Hyrcanian forests and dense agricultural lands are located *** surface soil of different land use/land covers including forest,rangeland,agriculture and streambank lands were sampled in 30 *** and bed sediments were sampled in the watershed outlet in two high and low water *** characteristics of soil and sediment samples containing 59 elements were measured using ICP-OES GBC *** reliable and suitable tracers from 59 elements were then selected using Range test,Kruskal-Wallis and Discriminant Function Analysis,respectively,in FingerPro package of R *** results showed that for suspended sediment,streambank and rangeland had the highest contributions of 86.2%and 47.5%,respectively,in two high and low water *** bed sediment,in two high and low water periods,rangeland and streambank had the highest contributions of 73.8%and 84.4%,*** use change and especially human activities such as agriculture,road construction and development of residential areas along the main river riparian zone has led to a significant increase in suspended and bed sediments.

关键词： Caspian Sea basin FingerPro Geochemistry Sediment transport Tracer combination

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Annual growth of Fagus orientalis is limited by spring drought conditions in Iran’s Golestan Province

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 128-142页

作者： Khalil Ghorbani Jahangir Mohammadi Laleh Rezaei Ghaleh Department of Water Engineering Faculty of Water and Soil EngineeringGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran Department of Forestry Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran Department of Water Engineering Faculty of AgricultureUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran

Due to the lack of a uniform and accurate defi-nition of‘drought’,several indicators have been introduced based on different variables and methods,and the efficiency of each of these is determined according to their relationship with *** relationship between two drought indices,SPI(standardized precipitation index)and SPEI(standard-ized precipitation-evapotranspiration index)in different sea-sons was investigated using annual rings of 15 tree samples to determine the effect of drought on the growth of oriental beech(Fagus orientalis Lipsky)in the Hyrcanian forests of northern *** different evapotranspiration calcula-tion methods were evaluated on SPEI efficiency based on Hargreaves-Samani,Thornthwaite,and Penman-Monteith methods using the step-by-step M5 decision tree regression *** results show that SPEI based on the Penman-Monteith in a three-month time scale(spring)had similar temporal changes and a better relationship with annual tree rings(R^(2)=0.81)at a 0.05 significant *** change and a decreasing trend in the time series of annual tree rings are similar to the variation in the SPEI based on the Penman-Monteith *** affecting evapotranspiration,temperature,wind speed,and sunshine hours(used in the Penman-Monteith method),increased but precipitation *** non-linear modeling methods,SPEI based on Penman-Monteith best illustrated climate changes affecting tree growth.

关键词： Climate change Drought index Hyrcanian forests SPEI'Annual growth rings Fagus orientalis

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Parkland trees on smallholder farms ameliorate soil physical-chemical properties in the semi-arid area of Tigray,Ethiopia

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 1-13页

作者： Selam LJALEM Emiru BIRHANE Kassa TEKA Daniel H BERHE Department of Land resources management and Environmental Protection College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural ResourcesMekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Institute of Climate and Society Mekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia faculty of Environmental Sciences and natural Resource management Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)Ås 1432Norway Department of natural resources management Adigrat UniversityAdigrat 50Ethiopia

Proposed agroforestry options should begin with the species that farmers are most familiar with,which would be the native multipurpose trees that have evolved under smallholder farms and socioeconomic *** African birch(Anogeissus leiocarpa(DC.)Guill.&Perr.)and pink jacaranda(Stereospermum kunthianum Cham.)trees are the dominant species in the agroforestry parkland system in the drylands of Tigray,*** farmers highly value these trees for their multifunctional uses including timber,firewood,charcoal,medicine,*** trees also could improve soil ***,the amount of soil physical and chemical properties enhanced by the two species must be determined to maintain the sustainable conservation of the species in the parklands and to scale up to similar agroecological ***,we selected twelve isolated trees,six from each species that had similar dendrometric characteristics and were growing in similar environmental *** divided the canopy cover of each tree into three radial distances:mid-canopy,canopy edge,and canopy gap(control).At each distance,we took soil samples from three different *** collected 216 soil samples(half disturbed and the other half undisturbed)from each canopy position and soil *** density(BD),soil moisture content(SMC),soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),p H,electrical conductivity(EC),and cation exchange capacity(CEC)were *** revealed that soil physical and chemical properties significantly improved except for soil texture and EC under both species,CEC under ***,and soil p H under ***,all the studied soils were improved under both species canopy as compared with canopy ***,TN,AP,and AK under canopy of these trees were respectively 24.1%,11.1%,55.0%,and 9.3% higher than those soils under *** two parkland agroforestry species significantly enhanced soil fertility near the canopy of top

关键词： agroforestry bulk density carbon stock dispersed tree soil texture tree canopy

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Retrieval of high spatial resolution mountainous land surface temperature considering topographic and adjacency effects

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3610-3625页

作者： Zhiwei HE Bohui TANG Zhaoliang LI faculty of Land resources Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Plateau Remote Sensing Department of Education of Yunnan Province State Key Lab of resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of agricultural Remote Sensing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Land surface temperature(LST) is a key parameter reflecting the interaction between land and atmosphere. Currently,thermal infrared(TIR) quantitative remote sensing technology is the only means to obtain large-scale, high spatial resolution LST. Accurately retrieving high spatial resolution mountainous LST(MLST) plays an important role in the study of mountain climate change. The complex terrain and strong spatial heterogeneity in mountainous areas change the geometric relationship between the surface and satellite sensors, affecting the radiation received by the sensors, and rendering the assumption of planar parallelism invalid. In this study, considering the influence of complex terrain in mountainous areas on atmospheric downward radiation and the thermal radiation contribution of adjacent pixels, a mountainous TIR radiative transfer model based on the sky view factor was developed. Combining with the atmospheric radiative transfer model MODTRAN 5.2, a nonlinear generalized split-window algorithm suitable for high spatial resolution MLST retrieval was constructed and applied to Landsat-9 TIRS-2satellite TIR remote sensing data. The analysis results indicate that neglecting the topographic and adjacency effects would lead to significant discrepancies in LST retrieval, with simulated data showing LST differences of up to 2.5 K. Furthermore, due to the lack of measured MLST in the field, the MLST accuracy obtained by this retrieval method was indirectly validated using the currently recognized highest-accuracy forward 3D radiative transfer model DART. The MLST and emissivity were input into the DART model to simulate the brightness temperature at the top of the atmosphere(TOA) of Landsat-9 band 10, and compared with the brightness temperature at TOA of Landsat-9 band 10. The RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) for the two subregions was0.50 and 0.61 K, respectively, indicating that the method proposed can retrieve high-precision MLST.

关键词： Mountainous land surface temperature Topographic and adjacency effects Nonlinear generalized split-window algorithm Landsat-9 data DART model

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Changes in climatic conditions drive variations in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity and composition in semi-arid oak forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第5期35卷 106-119页

作者： Nahid Jafarian Javad Mirzaei Reza Omidipour Yahya Kooch Department of Forest Science Faculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlam 69315-516Iran Department of Range and Watershed management Faculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlam 69315-516Iran faculty of natural resources and Marine Sciences Tarbiat Modares UniversityNoor 46417-76489MazandaranIran

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)play a vital role in plant productivity and ecosystem ***,their responses to abiotic factors(i.e.,climate,physiography,and soil properties)are unknown,especially across climatic gradients and slope aspects in arid and semi-arid *** this study,using 60 composite soil samples,direct and indirect effects of climate factors and slope aspects on AMF diversity,composition and spore density were *** findings indicate that climate has a more direct influ-ence on soil properties(P<0.001)in comparison to slope aspect(P=0.449).In contrast,climate significantly affected AMF diversity and composition,with the highest diversity in dryer *** pH had the highest correlation with different facets of AMF *** equation modeling(SEM)indicated that only a small part of the variation in AMF diversity and spore density could be explained by climate characteristics,slope aspect and soil *** on SEM results,climate was the most important determinant of AMF diversity and spore density;slope aspect had a less critical *** outputs suggest that variations in AMF diversity are derived by the direct effects of climate and the indirect effect of soil chemical *** addition,with increasing dryness,sporulation and AMF diversity increased.

关键词： AMF diversity and composition Physiographic factors Semi-arid ecosystems Zagros forest

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Development of Machine Vision-Based Algorithm for Counting and Discriminating Filled and Unfilled Paddy Rice in Overlapping Mode

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Rice science 2024年第5期31卷 503-506,I0021-I0028页

作者： Mahdieh HOSEINGHOLIZADEH-ALASHTI Davood KALANTARI Department of Biosystems Engineering Faculty of Agricultural EngineeringSari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversityP.O.Box 578Iran

In this study, a new method based on image processing was presented to count and discriminate paddy rice, even when they overlapped. This method was performed in three steps. In the first step, using a reference image that excludes any overlapping paddy rice, the average area, standard deviation, and a threshold value for paddy rice were determined.

关键词： paddy filled steps

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Depositional Responses to the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean Closure in the Central Area of the Great Xing’an Range: Insights into Thrust Faults and Foreland Basins

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 797-811页

作者： Zheren Zhao Shichao Li Lingyu Zhang College of Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China Key Laboratory of Mineral resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia Ministry of Natural ResourcesChangchun 130061China Department of Geosciences and natural Resource management University of CopenhagenCopenhagen 1350Denmark

The Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean,which has been closing gradually from the west to the east beginning since the Late Paleozoic,was an important part of the Central Asian Orogenic *** influenced the tectonic framework of Northeast Asia in the Mesozoic,especially the Late Mesozoic arc-basin system that is widely distributed in the Great Xing’an ***,the manner in which the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean affected the sedimentary basin development remains poorly *** address this issue,we conducted U-Pb dating of detrital zircon deposited sedimentary basins of the central Great Xing’an *** examining the possible provenances of the detrital zircon and the structural controls of the basins,we found that a key sedimentary unit was deposited around Late Jurassic-Early *** provenance was a felsic source in a back-arc setting of an active continental *** findings also suggest the existence of a unified geodynamic setting that affected the coeval development of basins in the northern Great Xing’an Range and the Yanshan fold-thrust belt along the northern margin of North China *** research helps to better understand the complex tectonic processes which shaped the Northeast Asia during the Late Mesozoic.

关键词： Mongol-Okhotsk tectonic domain depositional responses Murui Formation zircon geochemistry tectonics.

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Physiology of medicinal and aromatic plants under drought stress

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 330-339页

作者： Zohreh Emami Bistgani Allen V.Barker Masoud Hashemi Isfahan agricultural and natural resources Research and Education Center Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO)Isfahan 81748-35117Iran Stockbridge School of Agriculture University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01002USA

Drought poses a significant challenge,restricting the productivity of medicinal and aromatic *** strain induced by drought can impede vital processes like respiration and photosynthesis,affecting various aspects of plants’growth and *** response to this adversity,medicinal plants employ mechanisms such as morphological and structural adjustments,modulation of drought-resistant genes,and augmented synthesis of secondary metabolites and osmotic regulatory substances to alleviate the *** water scarcity can lead to leaf wilting and may ultimately result in plant *** cultivation and management of medicinal plants under stress conditions often differ from those of other *** is because the main goal with medicinal plants is not only to increase the yield of the above-ground parts but also to enhance the production of active ingredients such as essential *** elucidate these mechanisms of drought resistance in medicinal and aromatic plants,the current review provides a summary of recent literature encompassing studies on the morphology,physiology,and biochemistry of medicinal and aromatic plants under drought conditions.

关键词： Drought stress Medicinal and aromatic plants Phytochemistry Physiology

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Salinity fronts shape spatial patterns in zooplankton distribution in Hangzhou Bay

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第6期43卷 96-106页

作者： Yepeng Xu Yiqi Wang Lin Zhan Yijun Ou Kangning Jia Ming Mao Xuyu Zhu Zhibing Jiang Yuanli Zhu Wei Huang Ping Du Jiangning Zeng Lu Shou Feng Zhou Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Key Laboratory of Nearshore Engineering Environment and Ecological Security of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310012China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Nantong Marine Environmental Monitoring Center Ministry of Natural ResourcesNantong 226002China Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource management Technology Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Observation and Research Station of Marine Ecosystem in the Yangtze River Delta Ministry of Natural ResourcesZhoushan 316021China

Ocean fronts play important roles in nutrient transport and in the shaping ecological *** zones in small bays are typically small in scale,have a complex structure,and they are spatially and temporally variable,but there are limited data on how biological communities respond to this *** Bay,a mediumsized estuary in China,is an ideal place in which to study the response of plankton to small-scale ocean fronts,because three water masses(Qiantang River Diluted Water,Changjiang River Diluted Water,and the East China Sea current) converge here and form dynamic salinity fronts throughout the *** investigate zooplankton communities,and temperature,salinity and chlorophyll a(Chl a) in Hangzhou Bay in June(wet perio d) and December(dry period) of 2022 and examine the dominant environmental factors that affect zooplankton community spatial *** then match the spatial distributions of zooplankton communities with those of salinity fronts.S alinity is the most important explanatory variable to affect zooplankton community spatial variability during both wet and dry periods,in that it contributes>60% of the variability in community ***,the spatial distributions of zooplankton match well with salinity *** December,with weaker Qiantang River Diluted Water and a stronger secondary Changjiang River Plume,zooplankton communities occur in moderate salinity(MS,salinity range 15.6±2.2) and high salinity(HS,22.4±1.7) regions,and their ecological boundaries closely match the Qiantang River Diluted Water *** June,different zooplankton communities occur in low salinity(LS,3.9±1.0),MS(11.7±3.6) and HS(21.3±1.9) *** the LS region occurs abnormally in the central bay rather than its apex because of the anomalous influence of rising and falling tides during the sampling perio d,the ecological boundaries still match salinity ***-salinity or brackish-water zooplankter taxa are relatively more abunda

关键词： zooplankton spatial distribution salinity fronts Hangzhou Bay

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Participatory Risk Governance for Seoul, South Korea's Flood Risk management

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 317-331页

作者： Bokjin Ro Gregg Garfin School of Geography Development and Environment The University of Arizona Interdisciplinary Program for Disaster Crisis and Risk Management Sungkyunkwan University School of natural resources and the Environment The University of Arizona

Risk governance is a widely used framework in natural and societal risk management research. Risks from natural hazards in urban areas call for the establishment of rigorous and participatory urban risk governance. In this study, we examined participatory risk governance(PRG) of flood risk management(FRM) in Seoul, South Korea. We conducted key informant interviews and implemented a survey with citizens, to explore perceptions of flood risks and risk management, and to examine prospects for improving PRG in Seoul. We found a gap between the perceptions of key informants and *** informants believed that citizens' low awareness of flood risks hinders PRG. Yet our research found that citizens' risk awareness was not low, and risk awareness may not be the main barrier to participation in PRG. Instead, we found that citizens lacked knowledge of FRM actions, and they assigned government bodies a high level of responsibility for FRM,compared to the level of responsibility that citizens assigned to themselves. Moreover, the actors involved in FRM tended not to trust each other, which implies a lack of mutual understanding. To increase the eff ectiveness of PRG, we suggest a polycentric governance structure anchored by a leading actor group, and active promotion of the participation of actors at multiple levels of governance. Communication between government and citizen participants, designed to foster improved understanding and recognition of one another's roles and contributions to FRM, will enhance trust and improve the implementation of PRG in Seoul.

关键词： Citizen participation Flood risk management Participatory risk governance Risk awareness South Korea Urban flood risk

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