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Enhancing Solar Photovoltaic Efficiency:A Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

Energy Engineering 2025年第1期122卷 153-166页

作者： Rahool Rai Fareed HussainMangi Kashif Ahmed Sudhakar Kumaramsay faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600PahangMalaysia faculty of Engineering Science&Technology Hamdard UniversityKarachi74600Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department SUKKUR IBA UniversitySukkur65200Pakistan Berlin school of Business and Innovation BSBI Faculty of Computer Science and InformaticsBerlin12043Germany Automotive Engineering Centre University Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan AbdullahPekan26600PahangMalaysia Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid&Processes(Fluid Centre) Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah(UMPSA)Paya BesarKuantan26300PahangMalaysia

The growing need for sustainable energy solutions,driven by rising energy shortages,environmental concerns,and the depletion of conventional energy sources,has led to a significant focus on renewable *** energy,among the various renewable sources,is particularly appealing due to its abundant ***,the efficiency of commercial solar photovoltaic(PV)modules is hindered by several factors,notably their conversion efficiency,which averages around 19%.This efficiency can further decline to 10%–16%due to temperature increases during peak sunlight *** study investigates the cooling of PV modules by applying water to their front surface through Computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for cooling the PV module by analyzing the interplay between water film thickness,Reynolds number,and their effects on temperature reduction and heat *** CFD analysis revealed that the most effective cooling condition occurred with a 5 mm thick water film and a Reynolds number of *** specific parameters were found to maximize the heat transfer and temperature reduction *** finding is crucial for the development of practical and efficient cooling systems for PV modules,potentially leading to improved performance and longevity of solar *** cooling fluids or advanced cooling techniques that might offer even better efficiency or practical benefits.

关键词： PV module efficiency water film thickness reynolds number CFD analysis PV/T renewable energy

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Thermospheric neutral wind studies over the equatorial region:A review

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 81-100页

作者： Siti Syazwani Nasuha Idahwati Sarudin Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid Ahmad Fairuz Omar school of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USMPulau PinangMalaysia Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Space Science Centre(ANGKASA) Institute of Climate ChangesUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia

Thermospheric neutral winds(TNWs)refer to the neutral gases in the thermosphere circulating as tides,which play a crucial role in the dynamics of the thermosphere-ionosphere system(TIS).Global geospace neutral winds,particularly over the magnetic equator,have been a subject of study for several ***,despite the known importance of neutral winds,a comprehensive understanding and characterization of the winds is still *** ground-based and satellite missions have provided valuable information on the contribution of neutral winds to the global atmospheric ***,efforts in the global monitoring of neutral winds are still lacking,and the drivers behind the behavior of TNWs as well as their influence on the TIS remain *** address these knowledge gaps in the global circulation of TNWs,it is crucial to develop a deep understanding of the neutral wind characteristics over different *** low-latitude equatorial region in particular has been observed to exert complex influences on TNWs because of the unique effects of the Earth’s magnetic field at the dip *** neutral winds over this region will provide valuable insights into the unique dynamics and processes that occur in this region,thereby enhancing our understanding of their role in the overall dynamics of the ***,through empirical observations,an improved ability to accurately model and predict the behavior of this region can be *** review article addresses challenges in understanding equatorial winds by reviewing historical measurements,current missions,and the interactions of ionospheric and thermospheric phenomena,emphasizing the need for comprehensive measurements to improve global atmospheric dynamics and weather forecasting.

关键词： thermospheric neutral wind thermosphere-ionosphere system dip equator equatorial region

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Privacy-preserving explainable AI: a survey

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 23-56页

作者： Thanh Tam NGUYEN Thanh Trung HUYNH Zhao REN Thanh Toan NGUYEN Phi Le NGUYEN Hongzhi YIN Quoc Viet Hung NGUYEN school of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University school of Computer and Communication Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Bremen faculty of Information Technology HUTECH University Department of Computer Science Hanoi University of Science and Technology school of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland

As the adoption of explainable AI(XAI) continues to expand, the urgency to address its privacy implications intensifies. Despite a growing corpus of research in AI privacy and explainability, there is little attention on privacy-preserving model explanations. This article presents the first thorough survey about privacy attacks on model explanations and their countermeasures. Our contribution to this field comprises a thorough analysis of research papers with a connected taxonomy that facilitates the categorization of privacy attacks and countermeasures based on the targeted explanations. This work also includes an initial investigation into the causes of privacy leaks. Finally, we discuss unresolved issues and prospective research directions uncovered in our analysis. This survey aims to be a valuable resource for the research community and offers clear insights for those new to this domain. To support ongoing research, we have established an online resource repository, which will be continuously updated with new and relevant findings.

关键词： privacy-preserving explainable AI privacy attacks privacy defences PrivEx PPXAI

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Energy Efficiency of a Solar Green Building Using Bio-Sourced Materials for Indoor Temperature and Humidity Optimization

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Energy Engineering 2025年第1期122卷 41-62页

作者： SoumiaMounir Youssef Maaloufa Abdelhamid Khabbazi ElinaMohd Husini Nurul SyalaAbdul Latip YakubuAminuDodo Rime ELHarrouni MinaAmazal Asma Souidi Malika Atigui Ahmed Aharoune National school of Architecture Agadir New Complex Ibn ZohrAgadirBP 20732Morocco EMDD CERNE2DUniversity of Mohammed V in RabatEst SaleSaleBP 227Morocco Thermodynamics and Energetics Laboratory Faculty of ScienceIbn Zohr UniversityAgadirBP 8106Morocco faculty of Built Environment University Sains Islam MalaysiaNilaiBP 71800Malaysia Architectural Engineering Department Najran UniversityNajranBP 1988Saudi Arabia The Centre of Scientific and Engineering Research Najran UniversityNajranBP 1988Saudi Arabia Euro-Mediterranean school of Architecture Design and UrbanismEuro-Mediterranean University of FezFezBP 51Morocco

A clean environment with low carbon emissions is the goal of research on the development of green and sustainable buildings that use bio-sourced materials in conjunction with solar energy to create more sustainable *** is particularly true in Africa,where there aren’t many studies on the *** current study suggests a 90 m^(2) model of a sustainable building in a dry climate that is movable to address the issue of housing in remote areas,ensures comfort in harsh weather conditions,uses solar renewable resources—which are plentiful in Africa—uses biosourced materials,and examines how these materials relate to temperature and humidity control while emitting minimal carbon *** order to solve the topic under consideration,the work is split into two sections:numerical and experimental *** TRNSYS and Revit,the suggested prototype building is examined numerically to examine the impact of orientation,envelope composition made of bio-sourced materials,and carbon *** a hygrothermal investigation,experiments are conducted to evaluate this prototype’s ***,an examination of the photovoltaic system’s production,consumption,and several scenarios used tomaximize battery life is included in the *** the biosourcedmaterial achieves a thermal transmittance of 0.15(W.m^(-2).K^(-1)),the results demonstrate an intriguing finding in terms of *** value satisfies the requirements of passive building,energy autonomy of the dwelling,and injection in-network with an annual value of 15,757 ***,compared to the literature,the heating needs ratio is 6.38(kWh/m^(2).an)and the cooling needs ratio is 49(kWh/m^(2).an),both of which are good *** to international norms,the inside temperature doesn’t go above 26℃,and the humidity level is within a comfortable range.

关键词： Bio-sourced materials energy sustainability green architecture built environment

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Hydrogen Energy Storage System:Review on Recent Progress

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Energy Engineering 2025年第1期122卷 1-39页

作者： MilleniumWong Hadi Nabipour Afrouzi Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies Faculty of EngineeringComputing and ScienceSwinburne University of TechnologyJalan Simpang TigaKuchingSarawak93350Malaysia College of Engineering Faculty of ComputingEngineering and the Built EnvironmentBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamWest MidlandsEnglandB47XGUK

A hydrogen energy storage system(HESS)is one of the many risingmodern green innovations,using excess energy to generate hydrogen and storing it for various *** that,there have been many discussions about commercializing HESS and improving it ***,the design and sizing process can be overwhelming to comprehend with various sources to examine,and understanding optimal design methodologies is crucial to optimize a HESS *** that,this review aims to collect and analyse a wide range of HESS studies to summarise recent *** different collections of studies are studied,one was sourced by the main author for preliminary readings,and another was obtained via *** findings from the Web of Science platform were also examined for amore comprehensive *** findings include the People’sRepublic of China has been active in HESS research,as most works and active organizations originate from this *** has been mainly researched to support power generation and balance load demands,with financial analysis being the common scope of *** is a common tool used for HESS design,modelling,and optimization as it can handle complex *** neural network(ANN)has the potential to be used to model the HESS,but additional review is required as a formof future *** a commercialization perspective,pressurized hydrogen tanks are ideal for hydrogen storage in a HESS,but other methods can be considered after additional research and *** this review,it can be implied that modelling works will be the way forward for HESS research,but extensive collaborations and additional review are ***,this review summarized various takeaways that future research works on HESS can use.

关键词： Hydrogen energy storage system VOSViewer design review sizing

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3D tomographic analysis of equatorial plasma bubble using GNSS-TEC data from Indonesian GNSS Network

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 127-136页

作者： Ihsan Naufal Muafiry Prayitno Abadi Teguh N.Pratama Dyah R.Martiningrum Sri Ekawati Yuandhika GWismaya Febrylian FChabibi Gatot HPramono Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG) JakartaIndonesia Dept.of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor BahruMalaysia Dept.Earth Planet Sci. Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan school of Electrical Engineering Telkom UniversityBandungIndonesia

Equatorial Plasma Bubbles(EPBs)are ionospheric irregularities that take place near the magnetic *** most commonly occur after sunset during the equinox months,although they can also be observed during other *** phenomenon significantly disrupts radio wave signals essential to communication and navigation *** national network of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)receivers in Indonesia(>30°longitudinal range)provides an opportunity for detailed EPB *** explore this,we conducted preliminary 3D tomography of total electron content(TEC)data captured by GNSS receivers following a geomagnetic storm on December 3,2023,when at least four EPB clusters occurred in the Southeast Asian *** and extracted TEC depletion with a 120-minute running average were then used as inputs for a 3D tomography *** 2D spatial distribution consistently captured the four EPB clusters over *** tomography results were validated through a classical checkerboard test and comparisons with other ionospheric data sources,such as the Global Ionospheric Map(GIM)and International Reference Ionosphere(IRI)*** of the results demonstrates the capability of the Indonesian GNSS network to measure peak ionospheric *** findings highlight the potential for future three-dimensional research of plasma bubbles in low-latitude regions using existing GNSS networks,with extensive longitudinal coverage.

关键词： EPB Indonesian GNSS Network 3D tomography

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Microstructure Evolution and Mechanism of Strength Development of Fly Ash Paste

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 152-163页

作者： MA Shuzhao WU Shunchuan HUANG Mingqing CHENG Haiyong JIANG Guanzhao NIU Yonghui LIU Zemin SUN Wei faculty of Land Resources Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China Zijin school of Ge-ology and Mining Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China

Three types of activators such as sodium hydroxide,calcium oxide and triethanolamine(TEA)are used to establish different activation environments to address the problems associated with the process of activating fly ash *** conducted mechanical tests and numerical simulations to understand the evolution of microstructure,and used environmental scanning electron microscopy(ESEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)techniques to analyze the microenvironments of the *** mechanical properties of fly ash paste under different activation conditions and the changes in the microstructure and composition were *** results revealed that under conditions of low NaOH content(1%-3%),the strength of the sample increased *** the content exceeded 4%,the rate of increase in strength *** on the results,the optimal NaOH content was identified,which was about 4%.A good activation effect,especially for short-term activation(3-7 d),was achieved using TEA under high doping *** activation effect was poor for long-term strength after 28 *** CaO content did not significantly affect the degree of activation *** maximum effect was exerted when the content of CaO was 2%.The virtual cement and concrete testing laboratory(VCCTL)was used to simulate the hydration process,and the results revealed that the use of the three types of activators accelerated the formation of Ca(OH)_(2) in the *** activators also corroded the surface of the fly ash particles,resulting in a pozzolanic *** active substances in fly ash were released efficiently,and hydration was *** pores were filled with hydration products,and the microstructure changed to form a new frame of paste filling that helped improve the strength of fly ash paste.

关键词： paste filling fly ash activator unconfined compressive strength microstructure hydration simulation

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Electrode/Electrolyte Optimization‑Induced Double‑Layered Architecture for High‑Performance Aqueous Zinc‑(Dual)Halogen Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 121-137页

作者： Chengwang Zhou Zhezheng Ding Shengzhe Ying Hao Jiang Yan Wang Timing Fang You Zhang Bing Sun Xiao Tang Xiaomin Liu school of Textiles and Clothing School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071ShandongPeople’s Republic of China Centre for Clean Energy Technology School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007HenanPeople’s Republic of China

Aqueous zinc-halogen batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources,intrinsic safety,and high theoretical ***,the uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth and spontaneous shuttle effect of active species have prohibited their practical ***,a double-layered protective film based on zinc-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid(ZEA)artificial film and ZnF2-rich solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer has been successfully fabricated on the zinc metal anode via electrode/electrolyte synergistic *** ZEA-based artificial film shows strong affinity for the ZnF2-rich SEI layer,therefore effectively suppressing the SEI breakage and facilitating the construction of double-layered protective film on the zinc metal *** double-layered architecture not only modulates Zn2+flux and suppresses the zinc dendrite growth,but also blocks the direct contact between the metal anode and electrolyte,thus mitigating the corrosion from the active *** employing optimized metal anodes and electrolytes,the as-developed zinc-(dual)halogen batteries present high areal capacity and satisfactory cycling *** work provides a new avenue for developing aqueous zinc-(dual)halogen batteries.

关键词： Zn metal anodes Double-layered protective film Electrode/electrolyte optimization Aqueous zinc-(dual)halogen batteries

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Effective extraction of polyribosomes from astrocytes enables future discoveries on translation regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1083-1084页

作者： Orna Elroy-Stein Sagol school of Neuroscience Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Shmunis school of Biomedicine and Cancer Research George S.Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael

Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain *** of gene expression is a highly dynamic process aiming at the production of precise levels of gene products to guarantee optimal cellular function,in response to physiological *** advances in next-generation sequencing enabled the understanding of epigenomic and transcriptomic dynamic landscapes of different brain regions along development,aging,and disease ***,the correlation of the“transcriptome”with protein levels is poor because numerous mRNAs are subjected to manipulation of their translation efficiency,to warrant a favorable result under certain ***,it is widely accepted that regulation at the translation level is a vital layer of gene *** of actively translated mRNA populations(i.e.,“translatome”)is a more reliable predictor of the“proteome”(Wang et al.,2020).

关键词： translation enable landscape

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Understanding activity of butyrate at a cellular level

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2323-2324页

作者： Prapti Chakraborty Angela S.Laird Macquarie University Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre Macquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia

Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid of four carbons in length that is a by-product produced by the microbial fermentation of dietary fiber and undigested carbohydrates within the *** the years,butyrate has attracted ... 详细信息

关键词： carbons butyrate fiber

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