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Electrochemical conversion of methane to bridge the gap in the artificial carbon cycle

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 286-308页

作者： Yuhao Peng Yuefeng Song Ihar Razanau Juanxiu Xiao Wei Xiao Di Hu Guoxiong Wang College of Chemistry and Molecular sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Physical-Chemical Technologies SSPA Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus State Key Laboratory of marine resources Utilization in South China Sea Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China

Methane, an abundant one-carbon（C1） resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO2emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane（ECM） using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO2emission.

关键词： Activation energy

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Long-term impact of municipal sewage irrigation on treated soil and black locust trees in a semi-arid suburban area of Iran

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2009年第10期21卷 1438-1445页

作者： Masoud Tabari Azadeh Salehi Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences Tarbiat Modares University

The effects of municipal sewage irrigation on the soil and black locust （Robinia pseudoacacia L.） tree were studied. For this purpose, two artificial black locust stands under irrigation of municipal sewage and well water were selected in south of Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using technique of systematic random sampling with 4 replicates in each stand. It was found that the growth of black locust tree, as indicated by diameter at breast height, total height, crown length, average crown diameter, basal area and volume, in sewage irrigation stand was much higher than that of well water irrigation stand （P 〈 0.01）. Plant analysis indicated that concentrations of leaf nutrients （N, E K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn） were greater in sewage-irrigated trees, without toxicity to the minerals of tree leaf, than those of well waterirrigated trees, and positively correlated with their respective value in soil. Ni, Cr and Pb were not detected in leaf samples. Application of sewage resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the concentrations of soil nutrients, Ni, Cr and Pb. Among these minerals only Pb and Ni in some soil samples exceeded the toxicity limit. The increase in pH, electrical conductivity （EC） and organic carbon of soil was also observed in sewage irrigation. Results confirm that besides the use as irrigation water, municipal sewages are also a potential source of plant nutrients. However, significant accumulation of heavy metals such as Pb and Ni in soil needs to be monitored.

关键词： afforestation irrigation municipal sewage black locust nutrient heavy metal

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Effects of Pits and Mounds Following Windthrow Events on Soil Features and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in a Temperate Forest

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Pedosphere 2015年第6期25卷 853-867页

作者： Yahya KOOCH Sakineh Mollaei DARABI Seyed Mohsen HOSSEINI Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares University

Pit and mound micro-relief(resultant microsites from trees uprooted by windthrow) could have regimes of microclimate and soil features that differ from areas of undisturbed soil. In an attempt to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the significance of pits and mounds on soil features and also the dynamics of greenhouse gas(GHG) fluxes at local scale, this study was carried out in a reserved area of Darabkola forest in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. The age of a pit and mound was considered equal to the degree of decay of the blown down tree. Three microsites were distinguished, consisting of pit bottom(PB), mound top(MT) and undisturbed area(UA). Soil samples were taken at 0–15 and 15–30 cm depths from all microsites and analysed for soil physical, chemical and biological features. Our findings suggested that in context of forest ecology, pits and mounds following windthrow events should be considered as an effective factor influencing soil features(i.e., density, texture, water content, p H, organic C, total N, available nutrients and earthworm density/biomass) and especially GHG fluxes. Results showed that MT acted as a sink for N2O(-0.010 mg N2 O m-2d-1) and CH4(-0.257 mg CH4m-2d-1) fluxes and also produced lower CO2 concentrations(0.095 mg CO2 m-2d-1) than PB(0.207 mg CO2 m-2d-1) and UA(0.098 mg CO2 m-2d-1). As a consequence, a separation into pits/mounds would be important for a precise budgeting of greenhouse gases.

关键词： carbon dioxide, methane microsite, nitrous oxide oriental beech, uprooted tree

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Spatial variability of soil microbial indices in common alder COMMON ALDER(Alnus glutinosa) stands using a geostatistical approach in northern Iran

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 679-688页

作者： Neda Ghorbanzadeh Ali Salehi Hassan Pourbabaei Ali Ashraf Soltani Tolarod Seyed Jalil Alavi Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Guilan Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences University of Tarbiat Modares

Microbial indices and their spatial patterns are strongly affected by environmental factors. Spatial variability of soil properties is one of the most important causes of variability in soil microbial indices. This research was conducted in the Caspian forest to assess spatial variabilities and frequency distributions of microbial *** soil samples were taken using a grid sampling design 40 9 40 m. Microbial indices, organic carbon,nitrogen and pH were determined. Soil variable distributions showed that microbial indices had abnormal distributions. Logarithmic transformation produced normal distribution. Spatial continuity using geostatistical(variogram) was studied and maps obtained by point *** variograms revealed the presence of spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate that spatial dependence of soil microbial indices was affected by non-intrinsic factors and forest management procedures. The maps show that soil microbial indices and soil properties have spatial variability. The spatial pattern of microbial indices was correlated to organic carbon and nitrogen.

关键词： Variograms Soil microbial indices Spatial distribution natural forest Iran

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Soil functional indicators in mixed beech forests are clearly species-specifi c

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第4期34卷 1033-1049页

作者： Yahya Kooch Neda Ghorbanzadeh Samaneh Hajimirzaaghaee Markus Egli faculty of natural resources&marine sciences Tarbiat Modares UniversityNoor 46417-76489MazandaranIran faculty of natural resources University of GuilanSowmeh Sara 4432-3136GuilanIran faculty of natural resources University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesSariIran Department of Geography University of ZürichZurichSwitzerland

Beech stands are considered part of the ancient forest ecosystems in the northern *** mixed stands in beach forest ecosystems,the type of associated tree species can signifi cantly aff ect soil functions,but their infl uence on microbial activity,nutrient cycling and belowground properties is ***,we considered forest patches in northern Iran that are dominated by diff erent tree species:Fagus orientalis Lipsky,Quercus castaneifolia ***.,Pterocarya fraxinifolia(Lam.),Tilia begonifolia Stev.,Zelkova carpinifolia Dippe,Acer cappadocicum Gled,Acer velutinum Boiss.,Fraxinus excelsior L.,Carpinus betulus L.,and Alnus subcordata *** each forest patch–tree species,litter and soil samples(25×25×10 cm,100 of each)were analyzed for determine soil and litter properties and their relationship with tree *** litter decomposition rate during a 1-year experiment was also determined.A PCA showed a clear diff erence between selected litter and soil characteristics among tree ***,***,***,***,***,***,and *** enhanced soil microbial biomass of carbon,whereas patches with ***,*** and *** had faster litter decomposition and enhanced biotic activities and C and N ***,soil function indicators were species-specifi c in the mixed beech ***(a N-fi xing species),*** and *** were main drivers of microbial activities related to nutrient cycling in the old-growth beech forest.

关键词： Old-growth forest Deciduous tree species Soil fertility Microbial activities Carbon and nitrogen cycle

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An evaluation of harvesting costs in present and planned operations: case study—Waston District of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 215-220页

作者： Majid Lotfalian Mohammad Ali Akbari Gorji Seyed Ataollah Hoseini Maryam Kazemi Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural Resources Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Forestry Master of Science Graduates Faculty of Natural Resources Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural ResourcesTehran University

Amongst all forest utilization phases, harvesting plays a key role as the beginning phase of the utilization cycle and has a significant effect on the following *** this research, in order to examine the reduction of costs with respect to present and planned operations, the starting time of the harvesting or cutting phase and work flow were recorded. The starting time of each phase of the entire operation was recorded as well. Before harvesting the marked tree, the appropriate felling direction was determined and the azimuth of the correct direction was *** results indicate that there was not a meaningful relationship between the differences in direction of a leaning tree compared with the felling direction. However, there was a significant relationship between the difference of the defined and felling direction and the difference in tree leaning and defined direction. The same trend was observed between tree leaning and felling directions and tree leaning and defined directions. On the other hand,there was no significant relationship between tree leaning and felling directions and the defined and tree felling directions. In addition, this research shows that with an increase in tree volume, the time for tree cutting ***, when the difference of tree leaning and felling direction decreased, the time to cut the tree *** regression equation is Y = 168.9–0.14（the difference between tree leaning and felling direction）＋ 0.7（volume）.

关键词： Chainsaw Felling direction Cutting time Tree leaning direction

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Above- and below-ground biomass and carbon stocks of different tree plantations in central Iran

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第1期8卷 138-145页

作者： Hormoz SOHRABI Siavash BAKHTIARV-BAKHTIARI Kourosh AHMADI faculty of natural resources and marine Science Tarbiat Modares University faculty of natural resources and Earth Science University of Shahrekord

In arid and semi-arid lands using industrial wastewater for irrigating tree plantations offers a great opportunity to fulfill the purpose of Clean Development Mechanism by sequestering carbon in living tissues as well as in soil. Selection of tree for plantation has a great effect on the goal achievements, especially when the managers deal with afforestation projects rather than reforestation projects. The objective of this study was to quantify the above- and below-ground biomass accumulation and carbon storages of the 17-year-old monoculture plantations of mulberry (Morus alba L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), Eldar pine (Pinus eldarica Medw.) and Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica Greene) planted in central Iran. To assess the potential carbon storage, we destructively measured individual above- and below-ground tree biomass and developed and scaled models at stand level. Furthermore, carbon content at three soil depths (0–15, 15–30, 30–45 cm), the litter and the understory were assessed in sample plots. The results showed that the total amount of carbon stored by Eldar pine (36.8 Mg/hm2) was higher than those stored by the trees in the other three plantations, which were 23.7, 10.0, and 9.6 Mg/hm2 for Arizona cypress, mulberry and black locust plantations, respectively. For all the species, the above-ground biomass accumulations were higher than those of the below-ground. The root mass fractions of the deciduous were larger than those of the coniferous. Accordingly, the results indicate that the potential carbon storages of the coniferous were higher than those of the deciduous in arid regions.

关键词： carbon storage biomass coniferous deciduous central Iran

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Assessment of soil erodibility and aggregate stability for different parts of a forest road

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第1期25卷 193-200页

作者： Aidin Parsakhoo Majid Lotfalian Ataollah Kavian Seyed Ataollah Hosseini Department of Forestry Faculty of Forest SciencesGorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Associate Professors Department of ForestryFaculty of Natural ResourcesSari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Assistant Professor Department of Watershed ManagementFaculty of Natural ResourcesSari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

We measured erodibility and mean weight diameter （MWD） of soil aggregates in different parts of a forest road. Samples of topsoil were collected from cutslope, fillslope, road surface and forest ground to assess the texture, bulk density, moisture, CaCO3 and organic matter. Soil aggregate stability was determined by wet sieving. Soil erodibility on the road surface was 2.3 and 1.3 times higher than on the fillslope and cutslope, respectively. The forest soil had the lowest erodibility. Aggregate stability of cutslope and road surface were low and very low, respectively. There was a significant negative relationship between cutslope erodibility with CaCO3 and sand content. Cutslope erodibility increased with increasing silt, clay and moisture content. On fillslopes, MWD increased with in-creasing rock fragment cover, plant cover, litter cover, organic matter and sand. There was a strong negative correlation between fillslope erodibility and organic matter, sand and MWD. There was no significant difference between erodibility of bare soil and soils beneathRubus hyrcanusL. and Philonotis marchica （Hedw.） Brid.

关键词： road prism soil erodibility aggregate stability wet sieving Lat Talar forest

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Carbon storage in biomass,litter,and soil of different native and introduced fast-growing tree plantations in the South Caspian Sea

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第2期29卷 444-452页

作者： Jamshid Eslamdoust Hormoz Sohrabi faculty of natural resources and marine Science Tarbiat Modares University

Replantation of degraded forest using rapidgrowth trees can play a significant role in global carbon budget by storing large quantities of carbon in live biomass,forest floor,and soil organic *** assessed the potential of 20-year old stands of three rapid-growth tree species,including Alnus subcordata,Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum,for carbon(C) storage at ecosystem *** September 2013,48 replicate plots(16 m × 16 m) in 8 stands of three plantations were established.36 trees were felled down and fresh biomass of different components was weighed in the *** equations were fitted using data based on the 36 felled *** biomass of understory vegetation and litter were measured by harvesting all the *** C fraction of understory,litter,and soil were *** ecosystem C storage was as follows: ***(626.5 Mg ha) [ ***(542.9Mg ha) [ ***(486.8 Mg ha)(P \ 0.001),of which78.1–87.4% was in the *** plantation reached the highest tree biomass(206.6 Mg ha),followed by ***(134.5 Mg ha) and ***(123.3 Mg ha).The highest soil C was stored in theplantation of ***(555.5 Mg ha).The C storage and sequestration of the plantations after 20 years were considerable(25–30 Mg hayear) and broadleaves species had higher *** species had a higher soil C storage while the potential of introduced species for live biomass production was higher.

关键词： Biomass Carbon storage Climate change Monoculture Tree allometry Soil carbon

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The distribution and frequency of damage to roadside trees in low-volume road construction

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 221-226页

作者： Majid Lotfalian Mehran Nasiri Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural Resources Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

We investigated the distribution and frequency of damage to tree stands adjacent to low-volume roads according to the type of hillside materials involved（soil or rock） and hillside gradient in mountainous forests of northern Iran. A total of 80 plots were systematically and randomly sampled to record damaged trees（bending,crushing and wounding） by class of hillside gradient and materials at the edge of road. Tree wounding and crushing at rock slopes was significantly greater than at hillsides with a mix of clay soil（p ／ 0.05）. Damage on hillsides with slope gradients[45% were 2, 8.5 and 2.3 times more frequent than on hillsides with slope gradient／15% for bending, crushing and wounding, respectively. The damage distribution varied according by type and the most frequent damage was tree wounding（p ／ 0.05）. The damage distribution was measured at distances of 4, 5 and 8 m from the road fillslope for tree bending, crushing and wounding, respectively. Using hydraulic excavators and physical barriers（wooden obstruction and synthetic holder） during earthworks for road construction could reduce these damage.

关键词： Low-volume road construction Tree damage Hillside materials Gradient Distribution

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