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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第10期144卷 225-235页

作者： Lingyang Jing Yuxin Zhang Qingyu Zhang Hongfeng Zhao College of life sciences Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China

Microplastics,a new type of emerging pollutant,is ubiquitous in terrestrial and water *** have become a growing concern due to their impacts on the environment,animal,and human *** also suffer from microplastics *** this study,we examined the toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics(PS-MPs)exposure on physical barrier,microbial community,and immune function in the cecum of a model bird species—Japanese quail(Coturnix japonica).The one-week-old birds were fed on environmentally relevant concentrations of 20μg/kg,400μg/kg,and 8 mg/kg PS-MPs in the diet for 5 *** results showed that microplastics could cause microstructural damages characterized by lamina propria damage and epithelial cell vacuolation and ultrastructural injuries including microvilli breakage and disarrangement aswell asmitochondrial vacuolation in the cecum of *** particular,blurry tight junctions,wider desmosomes spacing,and gene expression alteration indicated cecal tight junction ***,mucous layer breakdown andmucin decrease indicated that chemical barrier was disturbed by ***-MPs also changed cecal microbial *** addition,structural deformation of cecal tonsils and increasing proinflammatory cytokines suggested cecal immune disorder and inflammation responses by PS-MPs *** results suggested that microplastics negatively affected digestive system and might pose great health risks to terrestrial birds.

关键词： Microplastics Gut barrier Histology Inflammation Immunity Oxidative stress

Dysregulation of RNA modification systems in clinical populations with neurocognitive disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1256-1261页

作者： Helen M.Knight Merve DemirbugenÖz Adriana PerezGrovas-Saltijeral Division of Cells Organisms and Molecular GeneticsSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey

The study of modified RNA known as epitranscriptomics has become increasingly relevant in our understanding of disease-modifying *** of N6 adenosine(m^(6)A)and C5 cytosine(m^(5)C)bases occur on mRNAs,tRNA,mt-tRNA,and rRNA species as well as non-coding *** emerging knowledge of RNA binding proteins that act as writer,reader,and eraser effector proteins,comes a new understanding of physiological processes controlled by these *** processes when spatiotemporally disrupted within cellular nanodomains in highly specialized tissues such as the brain,give rise to different forms of *** this review,we discuss accumulating evidence that changes in the m^(6)A and m^(5)C methylation systems contribute to neurocognitive *** studies first identified mutations within FMR1 to cause intellectual disability Fragile X syndromes several years before FMR1 was identified as an m^(6)A RNA reader ***,familial mutations within the m^(6)A writer gene METTL5,m^(5)C writer genes NSUN2,NSUN3,NSUN5,and NSUN6,as well as THOC2 and THOC6 that form a protein complex with the m^(5)C reader protein ALYREF,were recognized to cause intellectual development ***,differences in expression of the m^(5)C writer and reader effector proteins,NSUN6,NSUN7,and ALYREF in brain tissue are indicated in individuals with Alzheimer's disease,individuals with a high neuropathological load or have suffered traumatic brain ***,an abundance of m^(6)A reader and anti-reader proteins are reported to change across brain regions in Lewy bodies diseases,Alzheimer's disease,and individuals with high cognitive reserve.m^(6)A-modified RNAs are also reported significantly more abundant in dementia with Lewy bodies brain tissue but significantly reduced in Parkinson's disease tissue,whilst modified RNAs are misplaced within diseased cells,particularly where synapses are *** parahippocampal brain tissue,m^(6)A modification is enri

关键词： 5-methylcytosine methylation Alzheimer's disease cognitive diseases epitranscriptomics intellectual disability Lewy body diseases N6 adenosine RNA modification

Inhibition mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas9 by AcrⅡA25.1 and AcrⅡA32

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Science China(life sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 1781-1791页

作者： Jianlin Zheng Yuwei Zhu Tengjin Huang Wenbo Gao Jiale He Zhiwei Huang HIT Center for life sciences School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150080China Westlake Center for Genome Editing Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineSchool of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China

In the ongoing arms race between bacteria and bacteriophages,bacteriophages have evolved anti-CRISPR proteins to counteract bacterial CRISPR-Cas ***,AcrⅡA25.1 and AcrⅡA32 have been found to effectively inhibit the activity of Spy Cas9 both in bacterial and human ***,their molecular mechanisms remain ***,we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of ternary complexes formed by AcrⅡA25.1 and AcrⅡA32 bound to Spy Cas9-sg *** structural analysis and biochemical experiments,we revealed that AcrⅡA25.1 and AcrⅡA32 recognize a novel,previously-unidentified anti-CRISPR binding site on Spy *** found that both AcrⅡA25.1 and AcrⅡA32 directly interact with the WED domain,where they spatially obstruct conformational changes of the WED and PI domains,thereby inhibiting Spy Cas9 from recognizing protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)and unwinding double-stranded *** addition,they may inhibit nuclease activity by blocking the dynamic conformational changes of the Spy Cas9 surveillance *** summary,our data elucidate the inhibition mechanisms of two new anti-CRISPR proteins,provide new strategies for the modulation of Spy Cas9 activity,and expand our understanding of the diversity of anti-CRISPR protein inhibition mechanisms.

关键词： anti-CRISPR cryo-EM Spy Cas9 AcrⅡA25.1 AcrⅡA32 inhibiton

PRRSV degrades MDA5 via dual autophagy receptors P62 and CCT2 to evade antiviral innate immunity

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第2期39卷 264-276页

作者： Ruiqi Sun Yanyu Guo Lilin Zhang Huixia Zhang Boxuan Yin Xiaoyang Li Changyan Li Liu Yang Lei Zhang Zexing Li Jinhai Huang School of life sciences Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)is a major economically devastating pathogen that has evolved various strategies to evade innate *** of antiviral interferon largely promotes PRRSV immunoevasion by utilizing cytoplasmic melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5(MDA5),a receptor that senses viral *** this study,the downregulated transcription and expression levels of porcine MDA5 in PRRSV infection were observed,and the detailed mechanisms were *** found that the interaction between P62 and MDA5 is enhanced due to two factors:the phosphorylation modification of the autophagic receptor P62 by the upregulated kinase CK2αand the K63 ubiquitination of porcine MDA5 catalyzed by the E3 ubiquitinase TRIM21 in PRRSV-infected *** a result of these modifications,the classic P62-mediated autophagy is ***,porcine MDA5 interacts with the chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 2(CCT2),which is enhanced by PRRSV *** interaction promotes the aggregate formation and autophagic clearance of MDA5-CCT2-nsp3 independently of *** summary,enhanced MDA5 degradation occurs in PRRSV infection via two autophagic pathways:the binding of MDA5 with the autophagy receptor P62 and the aggrephagy receptor CCT2,leading to intense innate immune *** research reveals a novel mechanism of immune evasion in PRRSV infection and provides fundamental insights for the development of new vaccines or therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) nsp3 Autophagy MDA5

Dietary oxidized cholesterol causes mucus barrier thinner via decreasing Muc2 expression in the proximal colon and increasing the abundance of mucus-degrading bacteria

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Chi Yan Shou-He Huang Zi-Xing Chen Hua-Fang Ding Zhen-Yu Chen School of life sciences， faculty of Science， The Chinese university of Hong Kong

Oxidized cholesterol (OXC) is a harmful dietary substance. Although the consumption of OXC has been associated with colonic inflammation， related underlying mechanisms are still limited. We evaluated the influence of dietary OXC on gut health and ecology by applying the murine model. Results showed that the thickness of the mucus layer was significantly reduced in healthy mice treated with OXC. Short-term intake of OXC did not influence the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in healthy mice but it induced the decrease of Muc2 expression in the proximal colon， accompanied by an increase in the abundance of two mucus-degrading bacteria， namely A. muciniphila and B. acidifaciens. Consistently， oral exposure of OXC promoted mucus barrier erosion in DSS-induced colitis mice and facilitated bacteria infiltration in the colon. The adverse effect of OXC on mucus layer disappeared in antibiotics-treated healthy mice， suggesting that the damaging effect of OXC on the gut mucus layer was not direct and instead was mediated by causing microbiota dysbiosis. Finally， the impact of OXC on the mucus layer and colitis was partly alleviated by green tea catechins. These studies demonstrated that the OXC-induced mucus barrier damage was mainly induced by the dysregulation of gut microbiota at least in this mouse model.

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Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure positive pulsating corona discharge in degradation of textile dye Reactive Blue 19 enhanced by Bi_(2)O_(3) catalyst

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 104-113页

作者： Milica PETROVIC Dragan RADIVOJEVIC Sasa RANCEV Nena VELINOV Milos KOSTIC Danijela BOJIC Aleksandar BOJIC Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences and MathematicsUniversity of NisNis 18000Serbia Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and MathematicsUniversity of NisNis 18000Serbia

In this work,monoclinic Bi_(2)O_(3) was applied for the first time,to the best of our knowledge,as a catalyst in the process of dye degradation by a non-thermal atmospheric-pressure positive pulsating corona *** research focused on the interaction of the plasma-generated species and the catalyst,as well as the role of the catalyst in the degradation *** decomposition of the anthraquinone reactive dye Reactive Blue 19(RB 19) was performed in a selfmade reactor ***_(2)O_(3) was prepared by electrodeposition followed by thermal treatment,and characterized by x-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive xray *** was observed that the catalyst promoted decomposition of plasma-generated H_(2)O_(2) into ·OH radicals,the principal dye-degrading reagent,which further attacked the dye *** catalyst improved the decolorization rate by 2.5 times,the energy yield by 93.4%and total organic carbon removal by 7.1%.Excitation of the catalyst mostly occurred through strikes by plasma-generated reactive ions and radical species from the air,accelerated by the electric field,as well as by fast electrons with an energy of up to 15 eV generated by the streamers reaching the liquid *** strikes transferred the energy to the catalyst and created the electrons and holes,which further reacted with H_(2)O_(2) and water,producing ·OH *** was indentified as the primary role of the catalyst in this *** reactions followed pseudo first-order *** of H_(2)O_(2) and the dye degradation rate increased with increase in the input *** optimal catalyst dose was 500 mg·dm^(-3).The decolorization rate was a little lower in river water compared with that in deionized water due to the side reactions of ·OH radicals with organic matter and inorganic ions dissolved in the river water.

关键词： corona RB 19 Bi_(2)O_(3) catalyst degradation

Elevational and temporal patterns of pollination success in distylous and homostylous buckwheats(Fagopyrum)in the Hengduan Mountains

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Plant Diversity 2024年第5期46卷 661-670页

作者： Ling-Yun Wu Shuang-Quan Huang Ze-Yu Tong faculty of Resources and Environmental Science Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062China Institute of Evolution and Ecology School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China

Reproductive strategies of sexually dimorphic plants vary in response to the ***,we ask whether the sexual systems of Fagopyrum species(i.e.,selfing homostylous and out-crossing distylous)represent distinct adaptive strategies to increase reproductive success in changing alpine *** answer this question,we determined how spatial and temporal factors(e.g.,elevation and peak flowering time)affect reproductive success(i.e.,stigmatic pollen load)in nine wild Fagopyrum species(seven distylous and two homostylous)among 28 populations along an elevation gradient of 1299-3315 m in the Hengduan Mountains,southwestern *** also observed pollinators and conducted hundreds of hand pollinations to investigate inter/intra-morph compatibility,self-compatibility and pollen limitation in four Fagopyrum species(two distylous and two homostylous).We found that Fagopyrum species at higher elevation generally had bigger flowers and more stigmatic pollen loads;lateflowering individuals had smaller flowers and lower pollen *** pollen deposition was more variable in distylous species than in homostylous *** seed set was not pollenlimited in all species,we found that fruit set was much lower in distylous species,which rely on frequent pollinator visits,than in homostylous species capable of autonomous *** findings that pollination success increases at high elevations and decreases during the flowering season suggest that distylous and homostylous species have spatially and temporally distinct reproductive strategies related to environment-dependent pollinator activity.

关键词： Biodiversity hotspot Elevation gradient Fagopyrum Stigmatic pollen load Temporal pattern

The IDD Transcription Factors:Their Functions in Plant Development and Environmental Response

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第1期93卷 63-79页

作者： Jing Liu Defeng Shu Zilong Tan Mei Ma Huanhuan Yang Ning Guo Shipeng Li Dayong Cui School of life sciences Qilu Normal UniversityJinan250200China School of life sciences Shandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China

INDETERMINATE-DOMAIN proteins(IDDs)are a plant-specific transcription factor family characterized by a conserved ID domain with four zinc finger *** studies have demonstrated that IDDs coordinate a diversity of physiological processes and functions in plant growth and development,including floral transition,plant architecture,seed and root development,and hormone *** this review,we especially summarized the latest knowledge on the functions and working models of IDD members in Arabidopsis,rice,and maize,particularly focusing on their role in the regulatory network of biotic and abiotic environmental responses,such as gravity,temperature,water,and *** these mechanisms underlying the function of IDD proteins in these processes is important for improving crop yields by manipulating their ***,the review offers valuable insights into the functions and mechanisms of IDD proteins in plants,providing a foundation for further research and potential applications in agriculture.

关键词： INDETERMINATE DOMAIN flowering time root development shoot gravitropism plant immunity hormonal signaling environmental responses

The influence of wing morphology upon intraspecific divergence in birds: A global study of subspecies richness

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 196-201页

作者： Haiying Fan Weibin Guo Buge Lin Zhiqing Hu Changcao Wang Shaobin Li School of life sciences Jinggangshan UniversityJi’An343009China State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhan430062China College of life Science Yangtze UniversityJingzhou434023China

Since the time of Darwin,subspecies have been recognized as an initial stage in the evolution of ***,the impact of dispersal on subspecies richness in birds globally has received little attention,despite dispersal being a key factor in determining the rate of evolution and playing a significant role in evolutionary ***,it is important to conduct a comprehensive study to address this *** this study,we aimed to assess the association between subspecies richness(measured by the number of subspecies)and dispersal ability(measured by the hand-wing index)on a global scale,using a dataset of over 7000 bird *** results revealed a negative correlation between dispersal ability and the number of subspecies,without any quadratic *** wing is a crucial phenotypic trait for birds,and the concept of subspecies is important in speciation theory and conservation ***,our findings not only enhance our understanding of the association between avian morphological traits and evolutionary divergence but also have implications for the conservation of avian species diversity.

关键词： Dispersal Gene flow Hand-wing index Subspecies richness

Relative(n,k)-Weak Cotorsion Modules

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Algebra Colloquium 2024年第3期31卷 481-498页

作者： Mostafa Amini Houda Amzil Driss Bennis Department of Mathematics Faculty of SciencesPayame Noor UniversityTehranIran Department of Mathematics Faculty of Sciences EI Jadida Chouaib Doukkali UniversityMorocco Department of Mathematics Faculty of Sciences Mohammed V University in RabatMorocco

Let R be a ring and n,k be two non-negative *** an extension of several known notions,we introduce and study(n,k)-weak cotorsion modules using the class of right R-modules with n-weak fat dimensions at most *** exampl... 详细信息

关键词： (n,k)-weak cotorsion module n-weak injective module n-weak fat module n-super finitely presented module