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Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development,antioxidants,tight junctions,and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： James K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary faculty of agriculture and Food sciences and environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and *** present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and *** eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each *** treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)DL-Met injected(DLM);and 4)L-Met injected(LM).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for *** results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(P<0.05)compared to the *** DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OCLN)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(P<0.05).The HPC genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(MD2),occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(P<0.05).In conclusion,these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal *** also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

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Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets mitigate cadmium toxicity in Glycine max *** promoting cadmium retention in root and improving photosynthetic performance

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第5期139卷 543-555页

作者： Kai Xu Yunyu Guo Chenghua Xing Ronglong Fu Bin Zou Rongchuan Liu Luyi Cai Jianfang Yan Xi-Lin Wu Miaozhen Cai College of Geography and environmental sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China College of agriculture Jinhua PolytechnicJinhua 321007China

Cadmium(Cd)pollution poses a serious threat to plant growth and *** have shown great application potential for alleviation of Cd toxicity to *** this study,we applied graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets(g-C_(3)N_(4)NSs)for alleviation of Cd-toxicity to soybean(Glycine max L.).The g-C_(3)N_(4)NSs supplementation significantly improved plant growth and reduced oxidative damage in the Cd-toxicated soybean seedlings through hydroponic ***,the g-C_(3)N_(4)NSs dynamically regulated the root cell wall(RCW)components by increasing pectin content and modifying its demethylation via enhancing pectin methylesterase(PME)activity,therefore greatly enhanced stronger RCW-Cd retention(up to 82.8%)and reduced Cd migration to the ***,the g-C_(3)N_(4)NSs reversed the Cd-induced chlorosis,increased photosynthetic efficiency because of enhancement in F_v/F_mration,Y(Ⅱ)and sugars *** results provide new insights into the alleviation of Cd toxicity to plants by g-C_(3)N_(4)NSs,and shed light on the application of low-cost and environmental-friendly carbon-based NMs for alleviating heavy metal toxicity to plants.

关键词： Cadmium Carbon nitride nanosheets Cell wall Pectin Pectin methylesterase Soybean

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Nitrogen deposition mediates more stochastic processes in structuring plant community than soil microbial community in the Eurasian steppe

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Science China(Life sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 778-788页

作者： Wei Yang Shuhan Zhang Ang Li Junjie Yang Shuang Pang Zonghao Hu Zhiping Wang Xingguo Han Ximei Zhang Key Laboratory of Dryland agriculture Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Anthropogenic environmental changes may affect community assembly through mediating both deterministic(e.g.,competitive exclusion and environmental filtering)and stochastic processes(e.g.,birth/death and dispersal/colonization).It is traditionally thought that environmental changes have a larger mediation effect on stochastic processes in structuring soil microbial community than aboveground plant community;however,this hypothesis remains largely *** we report an unexpected pattern that nitrogen(N)deposition has a larger mediation effect on stochastic processes in structuring plant community than soil microbial community(those<2 mm in diameter,including archaea,bacteria,fungi,and protists)in the Eurasian *** performed a ten-year nitrogen deposition experiment in a semiarid grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia,manipulating nine rates(0–50 g N m^(-2)per year)at two frequencies(nitrogen added twice or 12 times per year)under two grassland management strategies(fencing or mowing).We separated the compositional variation of plant and soil microbial communities caused by each treatment into the deterministic and stochastic components with a recently-developed *** nitrogen addition rate increased,the relative importance of stochastic component of plant community first increased and then decreased,while that of soil microbial community first decreased and then *** the whole,the relative importance of stochastic component was significantly larger in plant community(0.552±0.035;mean±standard error)than in microbial community(0.427±0.035).Consistently,the proportion of compositional variation explained by the deterministic soil and community indices was smaller for plant community(0.172–0.186)than microbial community(0.240–0.767).Meanwhile,as nitrogen addition rate increased,the linkage between plant and microbial community composition first became weaker and then became *** larger stochasticity in plant community relative to microbial

关键词： deterministic process environmental change grassland restoration nitrogen deposition stochastic process

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Spatiotemporal evolution and assembly processes of ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotic communities in 1 000-year-old coastal reclaimed soils

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 709-725页

作者： Sarfraz HUSSAIN Yifan YIN Senlin LIU Shanshan YAN Dongjie CHEN Hui CAO Feng WANG Key Laboratory of Agricultural environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Life SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Institute of Eco-environmental sciences Ningbo Academy of Agricultural SciencesNingbo 315040China

Coastal marshes are transitional areas between terrestrial and aquatic *** are sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic *** recent decades,the reclamation of coastal marshes has greatly increased,and its effects on microbial communities in coastal marshes have been studied with great *** of these studies have explained the short-term spatiotemporal variation in soil microbial community ***,the impact of reclamation on the community composition and assembly processes of functional microbes(e.g.,ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes)is often *** this study,using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the Ion S5™XL sequencing platform,we investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics,assembly processes,and diversity patterns of ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in 1000-year-old reclaimed coastal salt *** taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and composition of ammonia oxidizers showed apparent spatiotemporal variations with soil *** null modelling-based analysis showed that across all sites,the archaeal ammonia-oxidizing community was assembled by a deterministic process(84.71%),and deterministic processes were also dominant(55.2%)for ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities except for communities at 60 years of *** assembly process and nitrification activity in reclaimed soils were positively *** abundance of the amoA gene and changes in ammonia-oxidizing archaeal and bacterial diversities significantly affected the nitrification activity in reclaimed *** findings suggest that long-term coastal salt marsh reclamation affects nitrification by modulating the activities of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and regulating their community structures and assembly *** results provide a better understanding of the effects of long-term land reclamation on soil nitrogen-cycling microbial communities.

关键词： ammonia oxidizer beta nearest taxon index coastal salt marshes community assembly deterministic process nitrification rate stochastic process

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Changes in climatic conditions drive variations in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity and composition in semi-arid oak forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第5期35卷 106-119页

作者： Nahid Jafarian Javad Mirzaei Reza Omidipour Yahya Kooch Department of Forest Science Faculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlam 69315-516Iran Department of Range and Watershed Management Faculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlam 69315-516Iran faculty of Natural Resources and Marine sciences Tarbiat Modares UniversityNoor 46417-76489MazandaranIran

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)play a vital role in plant productivity and ecosystem ***,their responses to abiotic factors(i.e.,climate,physiography,and soil properties)are unknown,especially across climatic gradients and slope aspects in arid and semi-arid *** this study,using 60 composite soil samples,direct and indirect effects of climate factors and slope aspects on AMF diversity,composition and spore density were *** findings indicate that climate has a more direct influ-ence on soil properties(P<0.001)in comparison to slope aspect(P=0.449).In contrast,climate significantly affected AMF diversity and composition,with the highest diversity in dryer *** pH had the highest correlation with different facets of AMF *** equation modeling(SEM)indicated that only a small part of the variation in AMF diversity and spore density could be explained by climate characteristics,slope aspect and soil *** on SEM results,climate was the most important determinant of AMF diversity and spore density;slope aspect had a less critical *** outputs suggest that variations in AMF diversity are derived by the direct effects of climate and the indirect effect of soil chemical *** addition,with increasing dryness,sporulation and AMF diversity increased.

关键词： AMF diversity and composition Physiographic factors Semi-arid ecosystems Zagros forest

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Invasive weed disrupts facilitation of nutrient uptake in grass-clover assemblage

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 89-96页

作者： Wei Zhang Rick Muir Nicholas Dickinson faculty of agriculture and Life sciences Lincoln UniversityLincoln 7647New Zealand

Nutrient constraints in low-fertility soil were modified by different species ***-clover assemblages benefited both species in terms of nutrient *** of competition and facilitation is *** invasive weed removed essential nutrients from the grazing *** investigate the interplay of competition and facilitation between plants in low-fertility pasture grasslands of New Zealand,we compared nutrient uptake and acquisition of key nutrients of three species from different func-tional *** of Pilosella officinarum(mouse-eared hawk-weed,an invasive weed),Trifolium repens(white clover,a nitrogen fixer)and Dactylis glomerata(cocksfoot,a pasture grass)were planted into a soil with low-to-deficient concentrations of key *** yields were achieved by the grass growing alone but,when the clover and grass had grown together,there were complementary benefits in terms of procurement of a wide range of nutrients from soil despite lower root *** inva-sive weed negated these benefits,and soil nutrients were exploited less efficiently when Pilosella had grown alone or in a mixture with the other *** from the weed removed the benefits of grass-legume *** findings are interpreted to suggest that requirements for legumes to be the main source of nitrogen in pasture grasslands may be compromised unless competitive weeds are controlled to avoid disrupted procurement of key *** is likely these constraints to nutrient procurement would similarly impact conservation grasslands.

关键词： soil ferility facilitation species coexistence weed invasion legumes

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Petrologic evolution of the Gysian ophiolitic serpentinites,NW Iran

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第5期43卷 996-1011页

作者： Monir Modjarrad Donna L.Whitney Hadi Omrani Department of Geology Faculty of SciencesUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran Department of Earth and environmental sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Department of Geology Faculty of SciencesGolestan UniversityGorgānIran

The Gysian ophiolite of NW Iran is located at the intersection of the ophiolite belts of SE Turkey,NE Iraq,and Iran,and provides the opportunity to investigate the preserved subduction and obduction history of an important tectonic site that has not previously been *** serpentinized peridotites of the Gysian ophiolite contain the assemblagelizardite+chrysotile+spinel/Mg-spinelwith relict clinopyroxene(diopside)and very rare relict orthopyroxene and *** compositions of clinopyroxenes and spinels are more consistent with the formation of the inferred protolithharzburgitesinafore-arcorsupra-subduction zone instead of an abyssal *** Gysian ophiolite is a remnant of the Neo-Tethyan arc-ophiolitic system and records shallow subduction(<50 km,indicated by the absence of antigorite)in the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene beforeobductionalongthrustfaultsoverthecontinental *** review the spatial trends of the metamorphic grade of the Neo-Tethyan ophiolites in this region and provide detailed information about the petrology and mineral chemistry of the Gysian ophiolite.

关键词： Ophiolite Neo-Tethyan Gysian Serpentinite Iran

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Developing the new soil science——Advice for early-career soil scientists

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 3-4页

作者： Alex McBRATNEY Sydney Institute of agriculture&School of Life and environmental sciences The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia

Confucius said,“To know what you know and what you do not know, that is true knowledge.”Hartemink (2006) edited a prescient book on the future of soil science, the contents of which are worthy of consideration today. Since then, there has been a growing emphasis on soil carbon, soil health, and soil security, as well as increased capability of technology related to machine leaning and soil sensing and *** KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY CATEGORISATION Based on the above ancient aphorism attributed to Confucius, the author writing in Hartemink (2006) classified soil knowledge and knowledge discovery into 4 categories. An updated version is given in Fig. 1.

关键词： soil measurement. leaning

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Parkland trees on smallholder farms ameliorate soil physical-chemical properties in the semi-arid area of Tigray,Ethiopia

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 1-13页

作者： Selam LJALEM Emiru BIRHANE Kassa TEKA Daniel H BERHE Department of Land Resources Management and environmental Protection College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural ResourcesMekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Institute of Climate and Society Mekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia faculty of environmental sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)Ås 1432Norway Department of Natural Resources Management Adigrat UniversityAdigrat 50Ethiopia

Proposed agroforestry options should begin with the species that farmers are most familiar with,which would be the native multipurpose trees that have evolved under smallholder farms and socioeconomic *** African birch(Anogeissus leiocarpa(DC.)Guill.&Perr.)and pink jacaranda(Stereospermum kunthianum Cham.)trees are the dominant species in the agroforestry parkland system in the drylands of Tigray,*** farmers highly value these trees for their multifunctional uses including timber,firewood,charcoal,medicine,*** trees also could improve soil ***,the amount of soil physical and chemical properties enhanced by the two species must be determined to maintain the sustainable conservation of the species in the parklands and to scale up to similar agroecological ***,we selected twelve isolated trees,six from each species that had similar dendrometric characteristics and were growing in similar environmental *** divided the canopy cover of each tree into three radial distances:mid-canopy,canopy edge,and canopy gap(control).At each distance,we took soil samples from three different *** collected 216 soil samples(half disturbed and the other half undisturbed)from each canopy position and soil *** density(BD),soil moisture content(SMC),soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),p H,electrical conductivity(EC),and cation exchange capacity(CEC)were *** revealed that soil physical and chemical properties significantly improved except for soil texture and EC under both species,CEC under ***,and soil p H under ***,all the studied soils were improved under both species canopy as compared with canopy ***,TN,AP,and AK under canopy of these trees were respectively 24.1%,11.1%,55.0%,and 9.3% higher than those soils under *** two parkland agroforestry species significantly enhanced soil fertility near the canopy of top

关键词： agroforestry bulk density carbon stock dispersed tree soil texture tree canopy

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Annual growth of Fagus orientalis is limited by spring drought conditions in Iran’s Golestan Province

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 128-142页

作者： Khalil Ghorbani Jahangir Mohammadi Laleh Rezaei Ghaleh Department of Water Engineering Faculty of Water and Soil EngineeringGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran Department of Forestry Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran Department of Water Engineering Faculty of AgricultureUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran

Due to the lack of a uniform and accurate defi-nition of‘drought’,several indicators have been introduced based on different variables and methods,and the efficiency of each of these is determined according to their relationship with *** relationship between two drought indices,SPI(standardized precipitation index)and SPEI(standard-ized precipitation-evapotranspiration index)in different sea-sons was investigated using annual rings of 15 tree samples to determine the effect of drought on the growth of oriental beech(Fagus orientalis Lipsky)in the Hyrcanian forests of northern *** different evapotranspiration calcula-tion methods were evaluated on SPEI efficiency based on Hargreaves-Samani,Thornthwaite,and Penman-Monteith methods using the step-by-step M5 decision tree regression *** results show that SPEI based on the Penman-Monteith in a three-month time scale(spring)had similar temporal changes and a better relationship with annual tree rings(R^(2)=0.81)at a 0.05 significant *** change and a decreasing trend in the time series of annual tree rings are similar to the variation in the SPEI based on the Penman-Monteith *** affecting evapotranspiration,temperature,wind speed,and sunshine hours(used in the Penman-Monteith method),increased but precipitation *** non-linear modeling methods,SPEI based on Penman-Monteith best illustrated climate changes affecting tree growth.

关键词： Climate change Drought index Hyrcanian forests SPEI'Annual growth rings Fagus orientalis

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