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Evaluation of the potential of coastal cliffs as geosites for the promotion of geotourism

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Geography and Sustainability 2023年第4期4卷 356-371页

作者： Fernando Morante-Carballo María JoséDomínguez-Cuesta Nataly Paz-Salas Jenifer Malavé-Hernández Jairo Dueñas-Tovar Paúl Carrión-Mero Centro de Investigación y Proyectos Aplicados a las Ciencias de la Tierra(CIPAT) ESPOL Polytechnic UniversityP.O.Box 09-01-5863GuayaquilEcuador facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas(FCNM) ESPOL Polytechnic UniversityP.O.Box 09-01-5863GuayaquilEcuador Geo-Recursos y Aplicaciones GIGA ESPOL Polytechnic UniversityP.O.Box 09-01-5863GuayaquilEcuador departamento de Geologí1 University of OviedoCalle Jesús Arias de Velascos/n33005 OviedoSpain facultad de ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra(FICT) ESPOL Polytechnic UniversityP.O.Box 09-01-5863GuayaquilEcuador

Coastal zones, with their significant geodiversity, are vital areas for geotourism. Effective management is crucial to harness the geological interest of these sites as geotourism resources while ensuring their conservation. ManabíProvince is one of the most representative regions along the Ecuadorian coast due to its beaches and coastal cliffs, offering a wealth of tourist attractions and cultural elements. This study aims to evaluate the geosite potential of six cliffs in ManabíProvince through quantitative and qualitative analyses to propose geotourism promotion strategies. The methodology involves (i) inventory and characterisation of the cliffs, (ii) assessment of the sites by the Spanish Inventory of Places of Geological Interest method (IELIG), and (iii) qualitative evaluation through focus group discussions and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis. The results reveal that all six sites boast diverse geological assets, including geomorphological, stratigraphic, sedimentological, and tectonic elements. They are characterised by “high ”scientific, didactic, and tourist interest, while also being sus- ceptible to degradation due to natural and anthropic threats. The SWOT analysis demonstrates that the valuable geological and geomorphological heritage of potential geosites provides an opportunity to foster geotourism and boost the province’s economy, incorporating geoconservation and geoeducation strategies. This study proposes a georoute called “Ruta Acantilados del Sol ”, a 245 km journey encompassing all six sites, incorporating diverse tourist and cultural activities. Our research lays the foundation for fostering geotourism along the Manabícoast and strengthening the connection between nature, heritage, and the welfare of residents within a global resilience plan.

关键词： Georoute Geotourism Touristic cliffCoastal geosites Geoconservation Geoeducation

Rapid HPLC Method for determination of Rebaudioside D in Leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Grown in the Southeast of Mexico

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2014年第13期5卷 813-819页

作者： Irma Aranda-González Yolanda Moguel-Ordonez David Betancur-Ancona facultad de ingeniería Química Universidad Autónoma de YucatánMéridaMéxico Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias(INIFAP)MococháMéxico

Stevia leaves contain glycosides on which biological activity and sweetening capacity has been reported. Besides the main glycosides—stevioside and rebaudioside A—there are minor glycosides that may contribute to the activity and thus it is important to quantify them. Rebaudioside D is one of the minor glycoside present in S. rebaudiana leaves and there are no reports of a validated method to quantify it. Therefore a simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was validated for the determination of rebaudioside D in leaves of Stevia rebaudiana B. grown in the southeast of México. HPLC method was performed using a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and UV detector set at 210 nm. The mobile phase consisted of 32:68 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile and sodium phosphate buffer (10 mmol/L, pH 2.6), set to a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The calculated parameters were: sensitivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy and precision. The retention time of rebaudioside D was found to be 3.47 min ± 0.04 (S.D.). The calibration curves were linear over the working range (25 - 150 μg/ml), with correlation coefficient ≥0.99 and determination coefficient ≥0.98. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) was 8.53 μg/ml, while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 25.85 μg/ml. The percent recoveries of fortified samples were 100% ± 10% and precision relative standard deviation was ≤2.79%. The criteria of validation showed accuracy, linearity, and precision;therefore the method is suitable for quantitative analysis of rebaudioside D in Stevia rebaudiana leaves. Rebaudioside D content (g/100g) in Morita II and Criolla varieties grown in the southeast of Mexico were 0.43 and 0.46, respectively with no significant differences (p > 0.05) between them.

关键词： Rebaudioside D Stevia Rebaudiana HPLC Validation

Spectral Comparison of Real Spectra with Site Effects Included vs MOC-2008 Teorical Spectra for Guadalajara City, Mexico

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2013年第3期3卷 194-201页

作者： Héctor E. Rodríguez Lozoya Tonatiuh Domínguez Reyes Alfredo Reyes Salazar Edén Bojórquez Mora Héctor E. Rodríguez Leyva facultad de ingeniería Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa México D.F. México Observatorio Vulcanológico Universidad de Colima México D.F. México

Guadalajara city is the capital of the Mexican federal state of Jalisco. It is located close to the Pacific coast and is subjected to a large seismic risk. We present a seismic response study for some sites along the city. We calculated response spectra of shear-waves by using seismic records of actual earthquakes registered on rock and near the source as Green functions and propagated them trough a flat and horizontal layered media using a linear equivalent method to compare them with the response spectra calculated according to the Federal Commission of Electricity (CFE) seismic design buildings Manual (MOC-2008, 2008) which is widely used as reference on construction projects in Mexico. Our results show that MOC-2008 manual underestimates the spectral amplitudes and frequency band for the response spectra.

关键词： Response Spectra Guadalajara Seismic Records Green Function

Quantum Codes Do Not Increase Fidelity against Isotropic Errors

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2023年第2期11卷 555-571页

作者： Jesús Lacalle Luis Miguel Pozo-Coronado André Luiz Fonseca de Oliveira Rafael Martín-Cuevas dep. de Matemática Aplicada a las TIC ETS de Ingeniería de Sistemas Informáticos Universidad Politécnica de Madrid C/Alan Turing s/n Madrid Spain facultad de ingeniería Universidad ORT Uruguay Montevideo Uruguay Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias y Tecnologías de la Computación para Smart Cities ETS de Ingeniería de Sistemas Informáticos Universidad Politécnica de Madrid C/Alan Turing s/n Madrid Spain

In this article, we study the ability of error-correcting quantum codes to increase the fidelity of quantum states throughout a quantum computation. We analyze arbitrary quantum codes that encode all qubits involved in the computation, and we study the evolution of n-qubit fidelity from the end of one application of the correcting circuit to the end of the next application. We assume that the correcting circuit does not introduce new errors, that it does not increase the execution time (i.e. its application takes zero seconds) and that quantum errors are isotropic. We show that the quantum code increases the fidelity of the states perturbed by quantum errors but that this improvement is not enough to justify the use of quantum codes. Namely, we prove that, taking into account that the time interval between the application of the two corrections is multiplied (at least) by the number of qubits n (due to the coding), the best option is not to use quantum codes, since the fidelity of the uncoded state over a time interval n times smaller is greater than that of the state resulting from the quantum code correction.

关键词： Quantum Error Correcting Codes Isotropic Quantum Computing Errors Quantum Computing Error Fidelity Quantum Computing Error Variance

Crystallographic Study of the TiO<sub>2</sub>Obtained by Different Synthesis Methods

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2013年第6期1卷 30-37页

作者： Fidel Alejandro Cortez-Lorenzo Miguel Galván Ruiz Rufino Nava Mendoza Mario Enrique Rodriguez García Rodrigo Rafael Velazquez Castillo Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada UNAM Campus Juriquilla Querétaro México División de Investigación y Posgrado Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Querétaro México División de Investigación y Posgrado Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Querétaro México CBTis 145 San Juan del Río Querétaro México

In this work, the crystal structure of titanium dioxide was studied, and the effect of the different synthesis routes on the microstructure and morphology of the nanostructures was analyzed. Samples characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction by powders (XRD) to determine the different crystalline phases contented in the samples and using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphology and topology of all samples were studied. XRD results were analyzed through Eva provided by Bruker to determine the average crystallite size. The results portrayed here showed that all the synthesis process produced anatase nanostructures with an average crystallite size smaller than 27 nm. Synthesized powders presented similar morphologies in all cases and they were homogeneous in their chemical composition.

关键词： Anatase Sol-Gel Hydrothermal Assisted Microwaves Crystallization

Integration of an Objective Approach Focused on the Consumer to Evaluate the Quality of Processed Brussels Sprouts

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第9期2卷 1011-1017页

作者： Daniela Flavia Olivera Sonia Zulma Viña Ricardo Mario Ferreyra Alicia Mugridge Rodolfo Horacio Mascheroni Alicia Raquel Chaves CIDCA(Centro de Investigación y desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos) CONICET La PlataUniversidad Nacional de La Plata(UNLP)La PlataArgentina MODIAL(Unidad de Investigación y desarrollo en Modelado y Diseño en ingeniería de Alimentos) Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad Nacional de La Plata(UNLP)La PlataArgentina

Few research works focus on integration of the objective analysis of frozen vegetable quality and the preference of consumers for these products. The aim of the present work was to investigate the consumption patterns of Brussels sprouts, the degree of importance that consumers give to main attributes, and the constructions they make about product quality. For this aim, a series of surveys (snowball sampling method) were performed with consumers from four cities in Argentina. Also, the effect of different industrial operations (two blanching procedures, freezing and cooking) on texture, color, total chlorophyll content and ascorbic acid content of processed sprouts, was determined with respect to the fresh product. A function Z (overall quality) was defined to integrate the information obtained by both approaches. Taking into account the relative importance assigned by surveyed consumers to appearance, texture and nutrient content, the quality of final product obtained from different processing methods was equivalent. Most consumers, 96% of total, preferred the fresh product, which suggests that prejudging by consumers influences attempts at objective estimation of quality.

关键词： Frozen Vegetables Brassica Oleracea L.Gemmifera Quality Attributes Quality Perception

Comparative study on simultaneous removal of calcium and sulfate ions from flotation recycling water by aluminum hydroxide

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2022年第7期32卷 2379-2390页

作者： Ángel Daniel GUERRERO-FLORES Martha Araceli ELIZONDO-ÁLVAREZ JoséManuel FLORES-ÁLVAREZ Alejandro URIBE-SALAS department of Metallurgical Engineering CINVESTAV-IPNUnidad Saltillo25900Ramos ArizpeCoahuilaMéxico department of Materials Unidad Académica de Ingeniería IUniversidad Autónoma de Zacatecas“Francisco García Salinas”ZacatecasZacatecasMéxico facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de ColimaCoquimatlánColimaMéxico

Due to the environmental policies and economic reasons,the water used in some flotation operations of complex sulfide ores is recirculated,causing the ion concentration of some species to increase over time,affecting the flotation of the minerals of *** this work,an experimental and thermodynamic analysis of the synthetic solutions was presented with a high content of calcium and sulfate *** study focused on evaluating the use of two aluminum compounds for the precipitation of Ca^(2+)and SO_(4)^(2−)in the form of *** amorphous aluminum hydroxide was found to be more efficient than the crystalline one,giving rise to 83%calcium and 91%sulfate *** XRD analysis of the solids showed the main reaction product of ettringite,accompanied by small amounts of calcite,due to the absorption of atmospheric carbon *** final solution after the chemical treatment showed residual calcium and sulfate concentrations below 200 mg/***,the kinetics of calcium removal appeared to correspond to a second order reaction with respect to calcium concentration,with an apparent activation energy of 53.48 kJ/mol,which may suggest that the ettringite precipitation process is governed by the chemical reaction.

关键词： ettringite ion removal aluminum hydroxide calcium sulfate

Effect of Domestic Wastewater as Co-Substrate on Biological Stain Wastewater Treatment Using Fungal/Bacterial Consortia in Pilot Plant and Greenhouse Reuse

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2018年第3期10卷 369-393页

作者： Pedroza-Camacho Lucas David Lores-Acosta Juan Camilo Rojas-Enríquez Johans Farid Mateus-Maldonado Juan Felipe Puentes Cindy Stephanie Ramírez-Rodríguez Julio Mendez-Casallas Francy Janeth Salcedo-Reyes Juan Carlos Díaz-Ariza Lucía Ana Lozano-Puentes Hair Santiago Pedroza-Rodríguez Aura Marina Programa de Biología. departamento de Ciencias Básicas Universidad de La Salle Bogotá D.C. Colombia facultad de ingeniería Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental Universidad de La Salle Bogotá D.C. Colombia Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y de Suelos Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial Departamento de Microbiología Facultad de Ciencias Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá D.C. Colombia Laboratorio de Películas delgadas y Nanofotonica Departamento de Física Facultad de Ciencias Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá D.C. Colombia Laboratorio Asociaciones suelo planta microorganismos (LAMIC) Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá D.C. Colombia

In this study, a pilot wastewater treatment plant was used to evaluate the co-treatment of biological-staining residues and domestic wastewater under non-sterile conditions. A novel microbial consortia formed by Trametes versicolor, Trametes sp, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas azotoformans, Pseudomonas sp, Enterobacter xianfangensis and Bacillus subtillis was inoculated in an extended aeration type bio-reactor. The treatment units were operated during three consecutive cycles during a period of 147 h. After the last operating cycle, the concentrations of Chemical Oxygen demand, Biochemical Oxygen demand, Color Units, Total suspended solids, and the pH value were 1695 mg/L, 105 mg/L, 106 CU, 5), 1367 (CU), 566 mg/L (TSS) and 7.0 (pH) respectively. The reduction of pollutants load was related with the ratio of the two types of wastewater (3.5:0.5) combined to increase biodegradability, the concentration of fungi and bacteria used in the consortia (30 × 103 - 55 × 106 CUF/mL Total Fungi and 70 × 107 - 83 × 108 CFU/mL of Total Bacteria) and ligninolytic enzymes production, Laccase (13 - 96 U/L), MnP (9.8 - 39 U/L) and LiP (0.3 - 5.3 U/L). The post-treated effluent was used as irrigation water. Lolium perenne plants were watered during 60 days with post-treated effluent. The results of root weight showed that there are significant differences between the initial water and the effluent obtained after the operational cycles (p = 0.00470). The highest root weights (1 - 1.12 g) were found in plants irrigated with water obtained from the last treatment cycle.

关键词： Fungal/Bacterial Consortia Biological Staining and Domestic Wastewater Co-Treatment and Irrigation Reuse

Kinematic calibration of precise 6-DOF Stewart platform-type positioning systems for radio telescope applications

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2013年第3期8卷 252-260页

作者： Juan Carlos JUREGUI Eusebio E.HERNNdeZ Marco CECCARELLI Carlos LOPEZ-CAJUN Alejandro GARCIA División de Estudios de Posgrado Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad Autónoma de Quéretaro QuéretaroQro.Mexico National Polytechnic Institute IPNSection of Graduate Studies and ResearchESIME-UPTMéxico D.F.Mexico Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics University of Cassino Italy Universidad Autónoma de Quéretaro Querétaro Qro.México CIATEQ A.C.AguascalientesAgs.México

The pose accuracy of a parallel robot is a function of the mobile platform ***,there is no a single value of the robot’s *** this paper,two novel methods for estimating the accuracy of parallel robots are *** the frst method,the pose accuracy estimation is calculated by considering the propagation of each error,i.e.,error variations are considered as a function of the actuator’s *** the second method,it is considered that each actuator has a constant error at any *** methods can predict pose accuracy of precise robots at design stages,and/or can reduce calibration time of existing *** example of a six degree-of-freedom parallel manipulator is included to show the application of the proposed methods.

关键词： pose errors error estimation parallel robot radio telescopes