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Is the kafirin profile capable of modulating the ileal digestibility of amino acids in a soybean meal-sorghum diet fed to pigs?

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Animal nutrition 2019年第2期5卷 124-129页

作者： Víctor A.Balderrama-Pérez JoséG.Gómez-Soto Tércia C.Reis de Souza Ericka R.Rodríguez Gerardo Mariscal-Landín facultad de estudios superiores cuatitlán Universidad National Autónoma de MéxicoCuautitlan54714Mexico facultad de Cientias naturales Universidad Autónoma de QuerétaroQuerétaro76230Mexico Centro nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y PecuariasAjuchitilan76380Mexico

The effects of kafirins on protein and amino acid ileal digestibility have not been evaluated in vivo in *** aim of this study was to determine the effects of protein profile on apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of amino acids. We used a sorghum hybrid with low tannin content(nt plots with different kafirin profile. Sorghum with greater content of total kafirins had less content of y-and al-kafirins and higher content of β-and a2-kafirins than that with lower content of total kafirins. Two sorghum-soybean meal(SBM) diets were formulated: 1) low kafirin(LK) content(32.2 g/kg) and 2) high kafirin(HK) content(48.1 g/kg). A control diet(maize-SBM) and a reference SBM-diet were also prepared. The reference diet was fed to all pigs following the experimental period and was used to estimate the AID of cereals by the difference method. 'T' cannulas were fixed in the distal ileum of 18 barrows(6 by treatment), divided into 2 groups of 9 pigs. The pigs were fed 2.5 times their maintenance requirement of digestible energy(110 kcal/kg BW00.75). The AID of dry matter,protein, amino acids, and energy of the experimental diets was measured;the AID of cereals(maize, LK sorghum and HK sorghum) was estimated by the difference method. The maize-SBM diet was more digestible than the sorghum-SBM diets, only with respect to valine(P ne in the maize-SBM diet was higher than that in sorghum-SBM diets. The changes in kafirin profile between the diets only affected the AID of threonine(P decreased by 9.5 percentage units in LK diet compared with HK diet. Regarding the AID of cereals, maize exhibited greater AID than sorghum, with respect to valine(P nd serine(P n of sorghum with LK and HK content showed that the AID of threonine and serine increased by 50.5(P nd 19.2 percentage units(P n the latter, respec:tively. The higher content of γ-kafirins in L

关键词： Amino acids Ileal digestibility Kafirin Pig Sorghum

Maize seed coatings and seedling sprayings with chitosan and hydrogen peroxide:their influence on some phenological and biochemical behaviors

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2013年第2期14卷 87-96页

作者： Eva-Guadalupe LIZRRAGA-PAULín Susana-Patricia MIRAnDA-CASTRO Ernesto MOREnO-MARTínEZ Alma-Virginia LARA-SAGAHón Irineo TORRES-PACHECO Laboratorio de Biotecnología Facultad de Estudios Superiores CuautitlánCampo 1Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoEstado de México 54740México Unidad de Investigación en Granos y Semillas Facultad de Estudios Superiores CuautitlánCentro de Asimilación TecnológicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoEstado de México 54740México CA Ingeniería de Biosistemas División de Investigación y PosgradoFacultad de IngenieríaUniversidad Autónoma de QuerétaroQuerétaro 76010México

Objective： To evaluate the effect of chitosan （CH） and hydrogen peroxide （H2O） seed coatings and seedling sprinklings on two different maize varieties by measuring their phenology, the H202 presence, the catalase （CAT） activity, and the protein quantity. Methods： Seven groups of ten seeds for each maize variety were treated with CH （2% （20 g/L） and 0.2% （2 g/L）） or H2O2 （8 mmol/L） by coating, sprinkling, or both. Germination and seedling growth were measured. One month after germination, the presence of H202 in seedlings in the coated seed treatments was evaluated. Protein content and CAT activity were determined under all treatments. Results： H2O2 seed coating en- hanced the germination rate and increased seedling and stem length in the quality protein maize （QPM） variety. Seedlings had a higher emergence velocity under this treatment in both varieties. CH and H2O2 sprinklings did not have an effect on seedling phenology. Exogenous application of H2O2 promoted an increase of endogenousH2O2. OH and H2O2seedling sprinkling increased the protein content in both maize varieties, while there was no significant effect on the CAT activity of treated seeds and seedlings. Conclusions： CH and H2O2 enhance some phenological and biochemical features of maize depending on their method of application.

关键词： Zea mays Chitosan Hydrogen peroxide Phenology Catalase Protein

Landscape genetics reveals inbreeding and genetic bottlenecks in the extremely rare short-globose cacti Mammillaria pectinifera (Cactaceae) as a result of habitat fragmentation

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Plant Diversity 2017年第1期39卷 13-19页

作者： Reyna Maya-Garcia Santiago Arizaga Pablo Cuevas-Reyes Juan Manuel Penaloza-Ramirez Victor Rocha Ramirez Ken Oyama facultad de Biologia Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo Mexico Escuela nacional-de estudios superiores Unidad Morelia UNAM Antigua Carretera a Pdtzcuaro 8701 Colonia Ex-Hacienda de SanJose de la Huerta58190 Morelia Michoacan Mexico

Mammillaria pectinifera is an endemic, short-globose cactus species, included in the IUCn list as a threatened species with only 18 remaining populations in the Tehuacfin-Cuicatlan Valley in central Mexico. We evaluated the population genetic diversity and structure, connectivity, recent bottlenecks and population size, using nuclear microsatellites. M. pectinifera showed high genetic diversity but some evidence of heterozygote deficiency （F15）, recent bottlenecks in some populations and reductions in population size. Also, we found low population genetic differentiation and high values of connectivity for M. pectinifera, as the result of historical events of gene flow through pollen and seed dispersal. M. pectinifera occurs in sites with some degree of disturbance leading to the isolation of its populations and decreasing the levels of gene flow among them. Excessive deforestation also changes the original vegetation damaging the natural habitats. This species will become extinct if it is not properly preserved. Furthermore, this species has some ecological features that make them more vulnerable to disturbance such as a very low growth rates and long life cycles. We suggest in situ conservation to prevent the decrease of population sizes and loss of genetic diversity in the natural protected areas such as the Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve. In addition, a long-term ex situ conservation program is need to construct seed banks, and optimize seed germination and plant establishment protocols that restore disturbed habitats. Furthermore, creating a supply of living plants for trade is critical to avoid further extraction of plants from nature.

关键词： MammiUaria pectiniferanuclear SSRGenetic diversityRecent bottlenecksEffective population size

Is the combination of immunotherapy with conventional chemotherapy the key to increase the efficacy of colorectal cancer treatment?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2023年第2期15卷 251-267页

作者： Jonadab E Olguin Monica G Mendoza-Rodriguez C Angel Sanchez-Barrera Luis I Terrazas Laboratorio nacional en Salud Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-degenerativasFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla 54090Estado de MexicoMexico Unidad de Biomedicina Facultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla 54090Estado de MexicoMexico

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is among the most prevalent and deadly neoplasms worldwide. According to GLOBOCAn predictions, its incidence will increase from 1.15 million CRC cases in 2020 to 1.92 million cases in 2040. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in CRC development is necessary to improve strategies focused on reducing the incidence, prevalence,and mortality of this oncological pathology. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the main strategies for treating CRC. The conventional chemotherapeutic agent utilized throughout the last four decades is 5-fluorouracil, notwithstanding its low efficiency as a single therapy. In contrast, combining 5-fluorouracil therapy with leucovorin and oxaliplatin or irinotecan increases its efficiency. However, these treatments have limited and temporary solutions and aggressive side effects. Additionally, most patients treated with these regimens develop drug resistance, which leads to disease progression. The immune response is considered a hallmark of cancer;thus, the use of new strategies and methodologies involving immune molecules, cells, and transcription factors has been suggested for CRC patients diagnosed in stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ. despite the critical advances in immunotherapy, the development and impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors on CRC is still under investigation because less than 25% of CRC patients display an increased 5-year survival. The causes of CRC are diverse and include modifiable environmental factors(smoking, diet, obesity, and alcoholism), individual genetic mutations, and inflammation-associated bowel diseases. Due to these diverse causes, the solutions likely cannot be generalized. Interestingly, new strategies, such as single-cell multiomics, proteomics, genomics, flow cytometry, and massive sequencing for tumor microenvironment analysis, are beginning to clarify the way forward. Thus,the individual mechanisms involved in developing the CRC microenvironment, their causes, and t

关键词： Colorectal cancer Immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Immune response

A private SUSY 4HDM with FCnC in the up-sector

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第2期45卷 326-340页

作者： M.A.Arroyo-Ureña Lorenzo Díaz-Cruz Bryan O.Larios-López M.A.Pérez de León facultad de estudios superiores Cuautitlan-UnAM Cuautitlan Edo de MexMéxico Mesoamerican Center for Theoretical Physics UNACHChiapasMéxico CIFFU and facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla ApdoPostal 1364CP72000PueblaPueMéxico departamento de Gravitación y Altas Energías Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras Ciudad UniversitariaTegucigalpa MDCHonduras

We present a SUSY model with four Higgs doublets of the"private type,"in which all fermion types(up,down,and charged leptons)obtain their masses from a different Higgs doublet H_f(f=u_1,d,e) .The conditions for anomaly cancellation imply that the remaining Higgs doublet of the model( H_(u_2) )must have the same hypercharge as H_(u_1) ,and thus,can only couple to up-type quarks,which opens the possibility to have FCnCs only in this *** study the Lagrangian of the model,and in particular,the Higgs potential,to identify the Higgs mass-eigenstates and their interactions;for the Yukawa matrices,we consider the four-texture *** obtain constraints on the model parameters by using LHC measurements on the properties of the 125 GeV Higgs boson(h),and identify viable regions of the parameter ***,these constraints are used to evaluate the prospects for detecting the FCnC decay mode t→ch at the future high-luminosity(HL)option for the LHC,which are compared with current limits from ***,we evaluate the FCnC decay of the next heavier Higgs boson H_(2)→tc ,which can typically reach BR(H_2→tc)≈(10^(-4)-10^(-5)) .The search for the signal at HL-LHC is also studied,and it is found that it may be detectable for specific regions of the model parameter space.

关键词： Higgs physics top quark supersymmetry collider physics

Physiopathology of ischemic stroke and its modulation using memantine:evidence from preclinical stroke

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neural Regeneration Research 2021年第3期16卷 433-439页

作者： Hilda Martínez-Coria Isabel Arrieta-Cruz María-Esther Cruz Héctor E.López-Valdés División de Investigación Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México(UNAM)Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades neurodegenerativas Facultad de MedicinaUNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y NeurocirugíaCiudad de MéxicoMéxico departamento de Investigación Básica Instituto Nacional de GeriatríaCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción Laboratorio de NeuroendocrinologíaFacultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUNAMCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Unidad Periférica de neurociencia Facultad de MedicinaUNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y NeurocirugíaCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Ischemic stroke is the most common type of cerebrovascular disease and is caused by an interruption of blood flow in the *** this disease,two different damage areas are identifying:the lesion core,in which cells quickly die;and the penumbra(surrounding the lesion core),in which cells are functionally weakened but may recover and restore their *** currently approved treatments for ischemic stroke are the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and endovascular thrombectomy,but they have a short therapeutic window(4.5 and 6 hours after stroke onset,respectively)and a low percentage of stroke patients actually receive these *** is an approved drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's *** is a noncompetitive,low affinity and use-dependent antagonist of n-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate *** has several advantages over developing a new drug to treat focal ischemic stroke,but the most important is that it has sufficient safe probes in preclinical models and humans,and if the preclinical studies provide more evidence about pharmacological actions in tissue protection and repair,this could help to increase the number of clinical *** present review summarizes the physiopathology of isquemic stroke and the pharmacological actions in neuroprotection and neuroplasticity of memantine in the post stroke stage of preclinical stroke models,to illustrate their potential to improve functional recovery in human patients.

关键词： focal ischemic stroke memantine neuroplasticity neuroprotection stroke therapy

Diversity, Endemism and Conservation of Ferns(Polypodiales) in the Mexican Mountain Component

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第4期12卷 891-904页

作者： SAnGInéS-FRAnCO Celia LUnA-VEGA Isolda COnTRERAS-MEDInA Raúl ESPInOSA David TEJERO-DíEZ José Daniel RIVAS Gerardo Laboratorio de Biogeografía y Sistemática Departamento de Biología Evolutiva Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Escuela de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca (UABJO) Av.Universidad s/n Ex Hacienda de Cinco Se?ores Oaxaca de Juárez CP 68120 Oaxaca México facultad de estudios superiores Zaragoza Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Carrera de Biología Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México MéxicoAvenida de los Barrios Número 1 Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala Tlalnepantla CP 54090 Estado de México México Laboratorio de Biogeografía Acuática Departamento de Biología Comparada Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

We analyzed the distributional patterns of95 selected species of leptosporangiate ferns inhabiting the Mexican Mountain Component, using grid-cells of one geographical degree as unit areas,applying endemism indices and richness and beta diversity *** data were obtained from several herbaria and specialized *** grid-cells appear to be important for fern species richness, as they contain 35 to 49 *** gridcells are located in the Sierra Madre Oriental(SMO),Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt(TMVB) and the Sierra Madre del Sur(SMS).Mean richness by latitudinal belts of one degree showed that the belts with highest values are related to the TMVB and SMS.A total of 13grid-cells were recognized as important from theperspective of endemism; most of them are located also in the SMO, TMVB and *** richest gridcells coincided with one of the main centres of endemism for ferns obtained in this study, located in the convergence of the southern part of the SMO, the eastern portion of the TMVB and the northern part of the SMS, reflecting the high humidity existing on the mountain slopes facing the Gulf of *** important grid-cells recognized from richness and endemism analyses coincide with Mexican natural Protected *** beta diversity analysis showed a low degree of similarity among grid-cells, implying a high species replacement, as the result of environmental heterogeneity occurring in the Mexican mountain *** the other hand, the spatial analysis suggested a pattern of phytogeographical regionalization comprising twomain areas: the Mexican Transition Zone and the Mexican Central *** play an important role in the Mexican biodiversity and contributing to the beta diversity of Mexico.

关键词： Biogeography Distributional patterns Leptosporangiate ferns Mexico

Cenozoic basin evolution of the Central Patagonian Andes:Evidence from geochronology, stratigraphy, and geochemistry

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 1139-1165页

作者： A.Encinas A.Folguera R.Riffo P.Molina L.Fernández Paz V.D.Litvak D.A.Colwyn V.A.Valencia M.Carrasco departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Concepción Instituto de estudios Andinos Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas COnICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires Instituto de Estudios Andinos Don Pablo Groeber (IDEAN) department of Geology & Geophysics Yale University School of the Environment Washington State University

The Central Patagonian Andes is a particular segment of the Andean Cordillera that has been subjected to the subduction of two spreading ridges during Eocene and neogene times. In order to understand the Cenozoic geologic evolution of the Central Patagonian Andes, we carried out geochronologic(U-Pb and^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar), provenance, stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and geochemical studies on the sedimentary and volcanic Cenozoic deposits that crop out in the Meseta Guadal and Chile Chico areas(～47°S). Our data indicate the presence of a nearly complete Cenozoic record, which refutes previous interpretations of a hiatus during the middle Eocene-late Oligocene in the Central Patagonian Andes. Our study suggests that the fluvial strata of the Ligorio Marquez Formation and the flood basalts of the Basaltos Inferiores de la Meseta Chile Chico Formation were deposited in an extensional setting related to the subduction of the Aluk-Farallon spreading ridge during the late Paleocene-Eocene. Geochemical data on volcanic rocks interbedded with fluvial strata of the San Jose Formation suggest that this unit was deposited in an extensional setting during the middle Eocene to late Oligocene. Progressive crustal thinning allowed the transgression of marine waters of Atlantic origin and deposition of the upper Oligocene-lower Miocene Guadal Formation. The fluvial synorogenic strata of the Santa Cruz Formation were deposited as a consequence of an important phase of compressive deformation and Andean uplift during the early-middle Miocene. Finally, alkali flood basalts of the late middle to late Miocene Basaltos superiores de la Meseta Chile Chico Formation were extruded in the area in response to the suduction of the Chile Ridge under an extensional regime. Our studies indicate that the tectonic evolution of the Central Patagonian Andes is similar to that of the north Patagonian Andes and appears to differ from that of the Southern Patagonian Andes, which is thought to have been the s

关键词： Central Patagonian Andes U-Pb geochronology Ar-Ar geochronology Geochemistry Stratigraphy Sedimentology

Solid Lipid nanoparticles (SLn) and nanostructured Lipid Carriers (nLC): Occlusive Effect and Penetration Enhancement Ability

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Journal of Cosmetics, dermatological Sciences and Applications 2015年第2期5卷 62-72页

作者： R. López-García A. Ganem-Rondero División de estudios de Posgrado (Tecnología Farmacéutica) Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuautitlán Izcalli Mexico

Objective: This work compares the occlusive effect and the penetration enhancement ability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLn) and nanostructured lipid carriers (nLC), through in vitro skin. Methods: SLn and nLC were prepared by high shear homogenization and characterized by size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology and physical stability. Occlusive effect was assessed by an in vitro test and by measuring TEWL using pig skin. Skin treated with the lipid carriers was visualized by SEM. A penetration test through skin, followed by tape stripping, was carried out using nile red as a marker. Results: SLn (200 ± 6 nm) and nLC (192 ± 11 nm) were obtained. An occlusion factor of 36% - 39% was observed for both systems, while a reduction in TEWL of 34.3% ± 14.8% and 26.2% ± 6.5% was seen after treatment with SLn and nLC, respectively. SEM images showed a film formed by the lipid carriers, responsible for the occlusion observed. no differences were found between the occlusive effect produced by SLn and nLC in both tests. nLC allowed the penetration of a greater amount of nile red than SLn: 4.7 ± 1.3 μg and 1.7 ± 0.4 μg, respectively. Conclusion: Both carriers form a film on the skin, providing an occlusive effect with no differences between these two systems. The penetration of a marker (nile red) into the stratum corneum was quite higher for nLC than for SLn, suggesting an influence of the composition of these particles on their penetration enhancing ability.

关键词： Solid Lipid nanoparticles nanostructured Lipid Carriers Occlusive Effect Transepidermal Water Loss Skin Penetration