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Metabolic enzymes in seasonally acclimatized and cold acclimated rufous-collared sparrow inhabiting a Chilean Mediterranean environment

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Current Zoology 2014年第3期60卷 338-350页

作者： Isaac PENA-VILLALOBOS Monica NUNEZ-VILLEGAS Francisco BOZINOVIC Pablo SABAT departamento de ciencias Ecologicas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile Casilla 653 Santiago Chile departamento de Ecologia and Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability (CAPES) Facultad de Ciencias Biol6gicas Pontificia Universidad Cat61ica de Chile Santiago 6513677 Chile

Due to the higher energy requirements of birds during winter, it is predicted that the activities of metabolic enzymes （e.g., citrate synthase, CS and cytochrome C oxidase, COX） should increase in tandem with increases in rates of energy expendi ture （e.g., basal metabolic rate, BMR）. However, there is mixed support for the hypothesis of enzymatic acclimatization. Fur thermore, there is little information about the effect of ambient temperature on energetics and tissue enzyme activity levels in passerines inhabiting seasonal Mediterranean environments. In this study we evaluated the interplay between BMR and enzyme activities of freshly caught individuals of the passerine Zonotrichia capensis in winter and summer in a Mediterranean environment from central Chile, and also in warm （30℃） and cold （15℃） labacclimated birds. The results revealed a lack of seasonal variation in BMR, thermal conductance and in the activity of CS and COX. However, we found higher BMR and lower thermal conductance in coldacclimated than in warmacclimated birds. Also, total CS activity was higher in the flight muscles of coldacclimated than in warmacclimated birds. We found also a significant correlation between BMR and total CS activity in pectoral muscle. Although some authors have suggested that BMR mainly depends on the metabolic intensity and mass of internal organs, our results revealed that skeletal muscles such as the flight muscles may also affect BMR. Finally, differences in the accli mation and acclimatization responses in Rufouscollared sparrows suggest that largescale oscillations in the physical environment might maintain the capacity for flexibility in thermogenic traits through generations .

关键词： Basal metabolic rate Citrate synthase Cytochrome C oxidase Phenotypic flexibility Thermal acclimation,Zonotrichia capensis

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Amyloid-beta pathology-induced nanoscale synaptic disruption:the case of the GABA_B-GIRK assembly

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： Rafael Lujan Alejandro Martín-Belmonte Sergi Ferré Francisco Ciruela Synaptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integrative Neurobiology Section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain networks,leading to aberrant homeostatic synaptic *** has progressively been recognized as syna ptopathy and syna ptic dysfunction has been identified as a key component of its pathogenesis (Schirinzi et al.,2020).Syna ptic dysfunction is believed to precede synapse loss,a primary biological correlate of cognitive decline in AD,inevita bly associated with neuronal death.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology

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Dynamics of mediterranean pine forests reforested after fires

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第2期34卷 345-354页

作者： Álvaro Enríquez-de-Salamanca departamento de Biodiversidad Ecología y EvoluciónFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain Draba Ingeniería y Consultoría Medioambiental San Lorenzo de El EscorialSpain

Forest fires are frequent under a Mediterranean climate and have shaped the landscape of the region but are currently altered by human action and climate *** have historically conditioned the presence of pine forests,depending on severity and forest *** of Mediterranean pine forests is not always successful,and a transition to shrublands or stands of resprouting species can occur,even after *** study analyses vegetation changes in two Mediterranean pine forests after severe fires and both *** pines had difficulty to regenerate,even despite post-fire *** problem is the difficulty of young seedlings to survive,possibly due to increased summer *** are greater in pine species at the limit of their ecological tolerance:Pinus pinea had a much better recovery success while *** and *** virtually *** pinaster had intermediate results but recovery was generally poor.A transition has taken place in many burnt areas to scrubland or to thickets of the resprouting Quercus rotundifolia,although it is not possible to know whether they will evolve into forests or remain in a sub climatic *** species may increase fire severity but facilitates post-fire ***-fire recovery difficulties are closely linked to issues of natural *** could initiate the disappearance of pine forests,but even in the absence of fire they may disappear in the long-term due to the lack of *** is needed to increase the resilience of these forests,ensuring natural regeneration,and incorporating resprouting species in the understorey.

关键词： Mediterranean region Pine forests Post-fi re recovery Vegetation dynamics Wildfi re transitions

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Tree community composition,structure and diversity along an elevational gradient in an Andean forest of Northern Ecuador

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第9期18卷 2315-2327页

作者： JIMÉNEZ-PAZ Rosa WORTHY Samantha J VALENCIA Renato PÉREZÁlvaro J REYNOLDS Alex BARONE John A BURGESS Kevin S Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas Escuela de Ciencias BiológicasFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuito 17-01-2184Ecuador department of biology College of Letters&SciencesColumbus State UniversityColumbusGeorgia 31907USA Herbario QCA Escuela de Ciencias BiológicasFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuito 17-01-2184Ecuador The Lovett School AtlantaGeorgia 30327USA

The Andean forests of northern Ecuador are known for their high levels of plant diversity relative to the area they ***,these forests grow on steep slopes that lead to dramatic habitat gradients across short *** extreme habitat gradients make the Andean forest ecosystem an excellent natural laboratory for understanding the effect of elevation on forest community diversity,structure and *** established 31 plots(50 m×5 m)which are divided between two elevational transects in the cloud forest of the Siempre Verde Reserve in the western foothills of the Andes Mountains of northern *** trees and tree ferns with a diameter at breast height(dbh)≥5 cm were measured and *** examined changes in community composition,structure,and diversity along and between the elevational transects and three elevational zones:low(2437–2700 m),middle(2756–3052 m),and high(3163–3334 m).We found four main trends associated with the elevational gradients at this site:(1)community composition differed between the two transects and among the three elevational zones according to N-MDS,ANOSIM,and percentage of shared species,with some species having limited distributions,(2)metrics of community structure showed opposite relationships with elevation,depending on the transect,with the only significant relationship(negative)found between basal area and elevation in the open trail transect,(3)alpha diversity,in general,peaked at mid-elevations,and(4)beta diversity consistently increased with distance between plots along *** complexity of changes in community composition,structure,and alpha diversity along elevation may be related to the heterogeneity of the environment on a local scale,such as topography,soil composition,and even human impact,or to dispersal limitation and should be investigated *** changes in community composition and the relatively high beta diversity found at this site exemplify the biological complexity of mon

关键词： Elevational gradient Cloud forest Andes Structure Composition Diversity

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Re-folded structure of syn-orogenic granitoids(Padrón dome, NW Iberia):Assessing rheological evolution of cooling continental crust in a collisional setting

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 651-669页

作者： Rubén Díez Fernández Francisco J.Rubio Pascual Luis Miguel Martín Parra departamento de Geodinámica Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFacultad de Ciencias GeológicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Instituto Geológico y Minero de Espana

This contribution discusses about the rheological, kinematic and dynamic frameworks necessary to produce recumbent and upright folds from syn-orogenic granitic massifs that were formed during an early stage of magma genesis related to the onset of a migmatitic dome. Syn-kinematic granitoids occurring within the high-grade infrastructure of the Padron migmatitic dome(NW Iberia) are deformed into largescale recumbent folds(D_2) that are later affected by upright folds(D_3). Petrostructural analysis of a selected area of this dome reveals that after a period of crustal thickening(D_1), NNW-directed extensional flow gave way to recumbent folds and penetrative axial plane foliation(S_2). Superimposed subhorizontal compression resulted in upright folds(D_3). A closer view into the dynamics of the dome allows exploring the factors that may condition the nucleation of folds with contrasting geometries during progressive deformation of molten continental crust. The formation of folds affecting syn-kinematic granitoids suggests a cooling metamorphic path in migmatitic domes. Active and passive folding mechanisms require a crystallizing(cooling) magma to nucleate folds. A more competent metamorphic host inhibits fold nucleation from much less competent magmas. As it crystallizes, magma becomes more rigid(competent),and approaches viscosity values of its host. Passive folding is favored when no significant competence contrast exists between magma and host, so this folding mechanism is more likely shortly after magma genesis and emplacement. In such conditions, and under dominant subhorizontal flow accompanied by flattening(D_2),passive folding would produce isoclinal recumbent geometries. Further magma cooling introduces a shift into the rheological behavior of partially molten crust. Thereon, crystallizing magma bodies would represent significant competence contrasts relative to their host. At this point, buckling is a more likely folding mechanism, and more regular, buckle fo

关键词： Recumbent folds Migmatitic domes Partial melting Crustal-derived granitoids Orogenic collapse Variscan orogen

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Applications of Microalgae in Five Areas of Biotechnology

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第10期92卷 2737-2759页

作者： Héctor Alejandro Reza-Solis Ofelia Adriana Hernández-Rodríguez Andrés Francisco Martínez-Rosales Dámaris Leopoldina Ojeda-Barrios facultad de ciencias Agrotecnológicas Universidad Autónoma de ChihuahuaChihuahua31000Mexico facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología Universidad Autónoma de ChihuahuaChihuahua33820Mexico

Microalgae are mostly photoautotrophic microscopic *** to their cellular structure,they are classified into two types,eukaryotes,and prokaryotes,and they are distributed in all types of ecosystems,presenting unique qualities due to the fact that they synthesize high value-added molecules used in various productive and environmental activities,and because their biomass is used as raw material to obtain various ***,the objective of this review was to collect,organize,and collate current information on the use of microalgae in the development of biotechnology involving the areas of agriculture,health,food,bioremediation,and *** results show that the microalga Chlorella stands out for its multiple uses in the five areas considered in this *** search for healthier and more environmentally friendly technologies has contributed to the development of new biotechnological applications that require the study and incorporation of specialized microorganisms to replace and/or improve existing applications.

关键词： Agriculture health food bioremediation biofuels

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Interaction of Acaena elongata *** Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi under Phosphorus Limitation Conditions in a Temperate Forest

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第2期90卷 605-619页

作者： Yasmin Vázquez-Santos Yuriana Martínez-Orea JavierÁlvarez-Sánchez NoéManuel Montaño Sara Lucía Camargo-Ricalde Silvia Castillo-Argüero departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoFacultad de CienciasCiudad de México04510México departamento de biología División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaCiudad de México09340México

The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of Acaena elongata colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)to different phosphorus(P)concentrations,as a measure of AMF ***,is a species from soils where P availability is limited,such as temperate *** research questions were:1)How do different P concentrations affect the AMF association in Acaena elongata,and 2)How does the AMF association influence ***’s growth under different P concentrations?***’s growth,P content in plant tissue,AMF colonization and dependency were measured under four P concentrations:control(0 g P kg^(-1)),low(0.05 g P kg^(-1)),intermediate(0.2 g P kg^(-1))and high(2 g P kg^(-1))in different harvests.A complete randomized block design was ***’s growth was higher under-AMF in intermediate and high P concentrations,and the lowest growth corresponded to+AMF in the low and intermediate P *** observed a negative effect on the root biomass under+AMF in intermediate P concentration,while the P concentration had a positive effect on the leaf area *** AMF colonization in *** decreased in the highest P concentration and it was favored under intermediate P concentration;while the low and the high concentrations generated a cost-benefit *** results suggest that the performance of some plant species in soils with low P availability may not be favored by their association with AMF,but a synergy between AMF and intermediate P concentrations might drive ***’s growth.

关键词： Abies religiosa forest arbuscular mycorrhizae plant growth soil fertilization

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Palaeogeographic reconstruction of Minchin palaeolake system,South America: The influence of astronomical forcing

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第2期5卷 249-259页

作者： Andrea Sánchez-Saldías Richard A.Faria Universidad de la República Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de la República Facultad de Ciencias Laboratorio de Paleobiología

Current palaeoclimatic reconstructions for the R＆#237;o de la Plata region during the latest Pleistocene （30,000 e10,000 yr BP） propose dry conditions, with rainfall at the Last Glacial Maximum amounting to one-third of today＇s precipitation. despite the consequential low primary productivity inferred, an impressive megafauna existed in the area at that time. Here we explore the influence of the flooding from a huge extinct system of water bodies in the Andean Altiplano as a likely source for wet regimes that might have increased the primary productivity and, hence, the vast number of megaherbivores. The system was reconstructed using specifically combined software resources, including Insola, Global Mapper v13, Surfer and Matlab. Changes in water volume and area covered were related to climatic change, assessed through a model of astronomical forcing that describes the changes in insolation at the top of the at-mosphere in the last 50,000 yr BP. The model was validated by comparing its results with several proxies （CH4, CO2, D, 18O） from dated cores taken from the ice covering Antarctic lakes Vostok and EPICA Dome C. It is concluded that the Altiplano Lake system drained towards the southeast in the rainy seasons and that it must have been a major source of water for the Paran＆#225;-Plata Basin, consequently enhancing primary productivity within it.

关键词： Planetary science Climate science Quaternary Palaeoecology Megafauna Parana Basin

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ApoB-100, ApoE and CYP7A1 gene polymorphisms in Mexican patients with cholesterol gallstone disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第37期16卷 4685-4690页

作者： Sánchez-Cuén Jaime Aguilar-Medina Maribel Arámbula-Meraz Eliakym Romero-Navarro José Granados Julio Sicairos-Medina Laura Ramos-Payán Rosalío División de Gastroenterología Hospital Regional ISSSTE facultad de ciencias Químico biológicas Doctorado en Biotecnología y Maestría en Ciencias Biomédicas Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa División de Inmunogenética Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

AIM: To determine the possible association of the ApoB100 (Xba Ⅰ ), ApoE (Hha Ⅰ ) and CYP7A1 (Bsa Ⅰ ) gene polymorphisms, with the development of cholesterol gallstone disease (GD) in a Mexican population. METHODS: The polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism, in two groups matched by ethnicity, age and sex: patients with GD (n = 101) and stone-free control subjects (n = 101). RESULTS: Allelic frequencies in patients and controls were: 34.16% vs 41.58% (P = 0.124) for X+of ApoB-100; 4.46% vs 5.94% (P = 0.501) for E2, 85.64% vs 78.22% (P = 0.052) for E3, 9.90% vs 15.84% (P = 0.075) for E4 of ApoE; and 25.74% vs 27.72% (P = 0.653) for C of CYP7A1. Differences in genotypic frequencies between the studied groups were not significant (P demonstrated that no association exists between the studied polymorphisms and cholelithiasis in this high prevalent population.

关键词： Apolipoprotein CYP7A1 Gallstones Mexicans Polymorphisms

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Insights on the crosstalk between dendritic cells and helper T cells in novel genetic etiology for mendelian susceptible mycobacterial disease

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第12期15卷 1091-1094页

作者： Emma Rey-Jurado Magdalena S.Pizarro-Ortega Alexis M.Kalergis Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy Departamento de Genética Molecular y MicrobiologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago 8330644Chile departamento de Endocrinología Facultad de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago 8330644Chile

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease(MSMD)is an inherited predisposition to infections by Bacille-Calmette Guérin(BCG)vaccine or by environmental *** etiology of MSMD has been associated with up to nineteen different genetic mutations in interferon(IFN)-γ-related genes.1 Although mycobacteria susceptibility-associated genetic mutations are rare in the population,their diagnosis is crucial for an efficient and timely *** et al.2 have recently described an autosomal recessive deficiency in the signal peptidase-like 2 A(SPPL2-a)as a new genetic etiology for MSMD in three patients that had suffered BCG dissemination disease.

关键词： mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease SPPL2a deficiency cDC2 mycobacterial-specific priming IFN-γ

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