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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase b pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de ciencias biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase b(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κb serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Complementary roles of glial cells in generating region-specific neuroinflammatory responses and phagocytosis in Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2917-2918页

作者： Leyre Ayerra Maria S.Aymerich Universidad de Navarra Facultad de CienciasDepartamento de Bioquímica y GenéticaPamplonaSpain CIMA-Universidad de Navarra PamplonaSpain IdiSNA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraPamplonaSpain

Neuroinflammation is associated with Parkinson’s disease:Reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation are hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease(PD),a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic *** has long been considered a mere consequence of neuronal loss,but whether it promotes PD or is a key player in disease progression remains to be *** leukocyte antigen.

关键词： inflammation leukocyte generating

On generalized impulsive piecewise constant delay differential equations

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Science China Mathematics 2015年第9期58卷 1981-2002页

作者： CHIU Kuo-Shou departamento de Matemtica Facultad de Ciencias Bsicas Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación

A variation of parameters formula with Green function type and Gronwall type integral inequality are proved for impulsive differential equations involving piecewise constant delay of generalized type. Some results for piecewise constant linear and nonlinear delay differential equations with impulsive effects are *** include existence and uniqueness theorems, a variation of parameters formula, integral inequalities, the oscillation property and some applications.

关键词： impulsive differential equation piecewise constant delay of generalized type variation of parameters formula Gronwall integral i

Reassessing the AMPK-MTORC1 balance in autophagy in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3209-3210页

作者： Marta García-Juan Mario Villa Irene benito-Cuesta Lara Ordónez-Gutiérrez Francisco Wandosell Centro de biología Molecular“Severo Ochoa”(CSIC-UAM) Nicolas Cabrera 1Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Fisiología Animal Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain department of Clinical Neuroscience CMM Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset SolnaStockholmSweden departamento de bioquímica y biología Molecular Universidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas(CIbERNED) MadridSpain

Autophagy is a cellular degradation and recycling system,indispensable for cellular and organ development,homeostasis,and *** cellular process is evolutionarily highly conserved to quality control of many proteins and dysfunctional organelles,which finally recycle components as amino *** process is effective during normal physiology as part of anabolism and plays an additional important role during starvation(Dikic and Elazar,2018).Different types of autophagy have been chara cterized based on their dynamic,mechanism of action,target substrates,and protein *** of them are macroautophagy(hereafter called"autophagy"),microa utophagy,and chape rone-media ted autophagy(Fleming et al.,2022).

关键词： homeostasis system hereafter

ASYMPTOTIC EQUIVALENCE OF ALTERNATELY ADVANCED AND deLAYED DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS WITH PIECEWISE CONSTANT GENERALIZED ARGUMENTS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2018年第1期38卷 220-236页

作者： Kuo-Shou CHIU departamento de matemática facultad de ciencias básicas universidad metropolitana de ciencias de la educación Jose Pedro Alessandri 774 Santiago Chile

In this paper, we investigate the existence, uniqueness and the asymptotic equiv- alence of a linear system and a perturbed system of differential equations with piecewise alternately advanced and retarded argument of generalized type （dePCAG）. This is based in the study of an equivalent integral equation with Cauchy and Green matrices type and in a solution of a dePCAG integral inequality of Gronwall type. Several examples are also given to show the feasibility of results.

关键词： piecewise constant argument of generalized type hybrid equations equivalence asymptotic behavior Gronwall's inequality

Differential response of injured and healthy retinas to syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation of a clonal cell line of immortalized olfactory ensheathing glia:a double-edged sword

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2395-2407页

作者： María Norte-Muñoz María Portela-Lomba Paloma Sobrado-Calvo Diana Simón Johnny Di Pierdomenico Alejandro Gallego-Ortega Mar Pérez JoséMCabrera-Maqueda Javier Sierra Manuel Vidal-Sanz María Teresa Moreno-Flores Marta Agudo-barriuso Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental Departamento de OftalmologíaOptometríaOtorrinolaringología y Anatomía PatológicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria(IMIB)Campus de Ciencias de la SaludMurciaSpain Experimental Sciences Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain Anatomy Histology and Neuroscience DepartmentMedicine FacultyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Center of Neuroimmunology Service of NeurologyLaboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological DiseasesHospital Clínic of BarcelonaInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer(IDIBAPS)and Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Medicine Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain

Olfactory ensheathing glia promote axonal regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system,including retinal ganglion cell axonal growth through the injured optic ***,it is unknown whether olfactory ensheathing glia also have neuroprotective *** ensheathing glia express brain-derived neurotrophic factor,one of the best neuroprotectants for axotomized retinal ganglion ***,we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective capacity of olfactory ensheating glia after optic nerve *** ensheathing glia cells from an established rat immortalized clonal cell line,TEG3,were intravitreally injected in intact and axotomized retinas in syngeneic and allogeneic mode with or without microglial inhibition or immunosuppressive *** and gene expression analyses were *** bulb-derived primary olfactory ensheathing glia and TEG3 express major histocompatibility complex classⅡ*** and syngenically transplanted TEG3 cells survived in the vitreous for up to 21 days,forming an *** axotomized retinas,only the allogeneic TEG3 transplant rescued retinal ganglion cells at 7 days but not at 21 *** these retinas,microglial anatomical activation was higher than after optic nerve crush *** intact retinas,both transplants activated microglial cells and caused retinal ganglion cell death at 21 days,a loss that was higher after allotransplantation,triggered by pyroptosis and partially rescued by microglial inhibition or ***,neuroprotection of axotomized retinal ganglion cells did not improve with these *** different neuroprotective properties,different toxic effects,and different responses to microglial inhibitory treatments of olfactory ensheathing glia in the retina depending on the type of transplant highlight the importance of thorough preclinical studies to explore these variables.

关键词： cell therapy immune recognition major histocompatibility complex class II(MHCII) neuroprotection olfactory ensheathing glia retinal ganglion cells

Variation of Parameters Formula and Gronwall Inequality for Differential Equations with a General Piecewise Constant Argument

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2011年第4期27卷 561-568页

作者： Kuo-Shou CHIU Manuel PINTO departamento de Matemótica Facultad de Ciencias BósicasUniversidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la EducacinJ.P.Alessandri 774SantiagoChile departamento de Matemóticas Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileCasilla 653SantiagoChile

A variation of parameters formula and Gronwall type integral inequality are proved for a differential equation involving general piecewise alternately advanced and retarded argument.

关键词： variation of parameters formula Gronwall integral inequality alternately advanced and retarded argument

Statistical evaluation of fluoride contamination in groundwater resources of Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第6期11卷 2197-2205页

作者： K.Rondano Gómez C.E.López Pasquali G.Paniagua González P.Fernández Hernando R.M.Garcinuño Martínez departamento de ciencias básicas Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad Nacional de Santiago Del EsteroArgentina departamento de ciencias Analíticas Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional de Educación a DistanciaSpain departamento de Química Analítica Facultad de Agronomía y AgroindustriasUniversidad Nacional de Santiago Del EsteroArgentina

This study investigates the suitability of statistical techniques for evaluating the fluoride content and the groundwater quality from Robles department(RD)and banda department(bD)in Santiago del Estero(Argentina).For the original statistical study,evaluation of nine parameters(fluoride,pH,conductivity,atmospheric and water temperature,total dissolved solids,chloride,hardness,and alkalinity)of 110 collected underground water samples from 23 dispersed rural areas was *** samples were obtained by sampling taken from wells at different *** levels were determined by a standard colorimetric method in two seasonal periods,the dry(from April to September)and rainy(from October to March)*** analytical results obtained for physicochemical parameters such as pH,total dissolved solids(TDS),and temperature does not reveal any notable difference between the rainy and dry seasons *** both seasons,the atmospheric temperature average was 22℃.With respect to fluoride content,approximately 50%of the analysed groundwater samples exceeded the limit established by current legislation(1.0 mg/L),obtaining concentration levels in the range of 0.01-2.80 mg/*** study demonstrates the usefulness of the univariate statistical method(quartiles calculation,interquartile range IQR),multivariate principal component analysis(PCA),and cluster analysis to establish a better understanding of the state of the contamination of the waters in the region studied.

关键词： Source water protection Santiago del Estero Multivariate statistical analysis Fluoride Spectrophotometry

Periodic Solutions in Unbounded Domains for the boussinesq System

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2010年第5期26卷 837-862页

作者： Elder Jesús VILLAMIZAR-ROA María ngeles RODRíGUEZ-bELLIDO Marko Antonio ROJAS-MEDAR Escuela de Matemáticas Universidad Nacional de Colombia Dpto. Ecuaciones Diferenciales y Análisis Numérico Universidad de Sevilla Aptdo Dpto. de ciencias básicas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad del Bío BíoCampus Fernando May

Assuming that the external forces of the system are small enough, the reference temperature being a periodic function, we study the existence, the uniqueness and the regularity of time-periodic solutions for the boussinesq equations in several classes of unbounded domains of Rn. Our analysis is based on the framework of weak-Lp spaces.

关键词： boussinesq equations strong periodic solutions unbounded domains