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Unveiling the brain’s symphony:exploring the necessity and sufficiency of neural networks in behavior control

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 186-187页

作者： Fernando Jose Bustos Instituto de ciencias Biomedicas Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la VidaUniversidad Andres BelloSantiagoChile Millennium Nucleus of Neuroepigenetics and Plasticity(EpiNeuro) SantiagoChile

since the pioneering work by Broca and Wernicke in the 19th century,who examined individuals with brain lesions to associate them with specific behaviors,it was evident that behaviors are complex and cannot be fully attributable to specific brain areas ***,they involve connectivity among brain areas,whether close or *** that time,this approach was considered the optimal way to dissect brain circuitry and *** pioneering efforts opened the field to explore the necessity or sufficiency of brain areas in controlling behavior and hence dissecting brain ***,the connectivity of the brain and the mechanisms through which various brain regions regulate specific behaviors,either individually or collaboratively,remain largely *** animal models,researchers have endeavored to unravel the necessity or sufficiency of specific brain areas in influencing behavior;however,no clear associations have been firmly established.

关键词： behavior connectivity neural

Agronomic treatments combined with embryo rescue for rapid generation advancement in tomato speed breeding

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2025年第1期11卷 239-250页

作者： Esther Gimeno-Paez Jaime Prohens Maria Moreno-Cervero Ana de Luis-Margarit Maria Jose Diez Pietro Gramazio Escuela de Doctorado Universidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente MartirGuillem de Castro 9446001 ValenciaSpain Instituto de Conservaciony Mejora dela Agrodiversidad Valenciana Universitat Politecnica de ValenciaCamino de Vera 1446022 ValenciaSpain departamento de ciencias Experimentales y Matematicas Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias ExperimentalesUniversidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente MartirGuillem de Castro 9446001 ValenciaSpain

Unlike other major crops,little research has been performed on tomato to reduce the generation time for speed *** evaluated several agronomic treatments to reduce the generation time of tomato in the‘M82'(determinate)and‘Moneymaker'(indeterminate)varieties and evaluated the best combination in conjunction with embryo *** container sizes with volumes of 0.2 L(Xs),0.45 L(s),0.8 L(M),1.3 L(L),and6 L(XL),were evaluated in the first experiment under the autumn *** found that plants grown in XL containers exhibited better development and required less time from sowing to anthesis(DsA)and from anthesis to fruit ripening(DAR).In the second experiment,using XL containers in the autumn-winter cycle,we evaluated the effects of cold priming at the cotyledonary stage,water stress,P supplementation,and K supplementation on generation *** to the control,we found that cold priming significantly reduced the number of leaves,plant height to first the inflorescence,and DsA(2.7 d),whereas K supplementation reduced the DAR(8.8 d).In contrast,water stress and P supplementation did not significantly affect any of the measured traits like DAR,DsA or fruit *** validate these data,in a third experiment with XL containers in the spring-summer cycle,the combination of cold priming and K supplementation was tested,confirming the significant effect of this combination on the reduction of generation time(2.9 d for DsA and 3.9 d for DAR)compared to the *** rescue during the cell expansion cycle(average of 22.0 d and 23.3 d after anthesis for‘M82'and‘Moneymaker',respectively)allowed the shortening of the generation time by 8.7 d in‘M82'and 11.6 d in‘Moneymaker'compared to the in planta fruit *** combination of agronomic treatments with embryo rescue can effectively increase the number of generations per year from three to four for speed breeding of tomato.

关键词： solanum lycopersicum Generation time speed breeding Container size Cold priming K supplementation Embryo rescue

Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDis) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Complementary roles of glial cells in generating region-specific neuroinflammatory responses and phagocytosis in Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2917-2918页

作者： Leyre Ayerra Maria s.Aymerich universidad de Navarra Facultad de CienciasDepartamento de Bioquímica y GenéticaPamplonaSpain CIMA-universidad de Navarra PamplonaSpain IdisNA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraPamplonaSpain

Neuroinflammation is associated with Parkinson’s disease:Reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation are hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease(PD),a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic *** has long been considered a mere consequence of neuronal loss,but whether it promotes PD or is a key player in disease progression remains to be *** leukocyte antigen.

关键词： inflammation leukocyte generating

Updating the distribution of Nothofagus alessandrii:Impact of deforestation,fragmentation and connectivity

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Forest Ecosystems 2025年第1期12卷 136-145页

作者： Antonio M.Cabrera-Ariza Carlos A.Rivas Miguel Aguilera-Peralta Rafael M.Navarro-Cerrillo Romulo santelices-Moya Centro de Investigacion de Estudios Avanzados del Maule Universidad Catolica del MauleAvenida San Miguel 3605Talca3460000Chile Centro de desarrollo del secano Interior Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y ForestalesUniversidad Catolica del MauleTalca3460000Chile department of Forest Engineering Laboratory of DendrochronologySilviculture and Global Change—DendrodatLab—ERSAFUniversity of CordobaCordobaSpain

Nothofagus alessandrii forests in the Mediterranean region of Chile face significant threats from deforestation,fragmentation,wildfires,and climate *** study investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of *** populations and their implications for habitat fragmentation and *** remote sensing data and geographic information system analysis,we assessed deforestation patterns,fragmentation metrics,and connectivity indices for different scenarios between 2009 and 2022.A reduction in the *** forest area,extensive fragmentation,and decreased connectivity were observed over time,with wildfires exacerbating these *** simulations showed the potential of targeted restoration efforts to improve connectivity,especially when focusing on proximate ***,careful consideration of seed dispersal distances and wildfire risk is essential for effective reforestation ***,our findings underscore the urgent need for conservation interventions to preserve *** forests and their biodiversity in Chile's coastal mountain ecosystems.A proactive and collaborative approach is essential to ensure the survival of these forests for future generations.

关键词： Ruil Endangered species Red list IUCN Conservation biology

Are urbanization,biotic and social factors associated with the song frequency and song entropy attributes of three urban syntopic passerines?

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Avian Research 2025年第1期16卷 96-109页

作者： Xhareni Díaz-Lezama Alejandro Ariel Ríos-Chelén Jorge Castellanos-Albores Paula LEnríquez Programa de Posgrado en ciencias en Recursos Naturales y desarrollo Rural El Colegio de la Frontera Sur.Carr.Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n Barrio Ma.Auxiliadora29290.San Cristóbal de Las CasasChiapasMexico Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta Universidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaUniversidad 1La Loma XicohtencatlCentro90000TlaxcalaMexico departamento Conservación de la Biodiversidad El Colegio de la Frontera SurCarr.Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n Barrio Ma.Auxiliadora29290 San Cristóbal de Las CasasChiapasMexico

Urban environments have challenging characteristics for bird acoustic *** levels of anthropogenic noise,as well as vegetation structure(e.g.,in urban parks),can potentially affect the song frequency characteristics of several bird *** additional factor such as the abundance of conspecific and heterospecific vocalizing birds may play an important role in determining the structure of bird *** this study,we analyzed whether noise levels,vegetation percentage,and abundance of conspecifics and heterospecifics influence the song characteristics of three syntopic songbird species:House Finch(Haemorhous mexicanus),Rufouscollared sparrow(Zonotrichia capensis),and House sparrow(Passer domesticus)living in urban *** recorded songs of these species and measured the peak frequency and entropy of their songs at 14 sites in the city of san Cristobal de Las Casas,Chiapas,*** found that the song peak frequency of House Finch and House sparrow's songs was negatively related to the *** peak frequency of neither of the three species correlated with the average noise ***,the abundances of conspecific and heterospecific were related to the peak frequency of the three species'*** entropy of the House Finch and House sparrow songs was positively and negatively related,respectively,to noise *** sparrow song entropy was negatively related to the percentage of *** entropy of House Finches was negatively associated to conspecific and House sparrow *** entropy of Rufous-collared sparrows was positively related to conspecific *** conclusion,the song peak frequency and song entropy of the three songbird species were differentially related to urban noise,vegetation,and conspecific and heterospecific abundance,suggesting these factors influence bird song characteristics.

关键词： Bird song Noise song entropy song peak frequency Vegetation

Atmospheric chemistry of trifluorodicarbonyls initiated by Cl atoms:Reactivity trends,mechanism,and acid formation yields

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2025年第5期151卷 12-25页

作者： Pedro L.Lugo Vianni G.straccia Cynthia B.Rivela Mariano A.Teruel María B.Blanco Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire(L.U.Q.C.A) Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba(I.N.F.I.Q.C.)Dpto.de Fisicoquímica.Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba.Ciudad Universitaria5000 CórdobaArgentina Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research University of WuppertalDE-42097 WuppertalGermany

Rate coefficients of the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms with a series of fluorinated diketones(FDKs):CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH_(3)(TFP),CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH_(2)CH_(3)(TFH)and CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH(CH_(3))2(TFMH),have been measured at(298±2)K and under atmospheric *** experiments were performed using the relative-rate method with a GC-FID detection *** different determinations and references used,the following rate coefficients were obtained(in cm3/(molecule·sec)):k_(4)(TFP+Cl)=(1.75±0.21)×10^(−10),k_(5)(TFH+Cl)=(2.05±0.23)×10^(−10),k_(6)(TFMH+Cl)=(2.71±0.34)×10^(−10).Reactivity trends of FDKs were discussed and Free Energy Relationships analysis was *** expression lgkOH=1.68 lgkCl+5.71 was obtained for the reactivity of the studied FDKs together with similar unsaturated VOCs with Cl and OH radicals Additionally,acetic acid(CH_(3)C(O)OH)and trifluoroacetic acid(CF_(3)C(O)OH)were positively identified and quantified as degradation products using in situ FTIR *** to the identified products,atmospheric chemical mechanisms were *** atmospheric implications of the studied reactions were assessed by the estimation of the tropospheric lifetimes of TFP,TFH,and TFMH concerning their reaction with Cl atoms to be 48,41,and 31 hours,*** relatively short residence in the atmosphere of the fluorocarbons studied will have a local/regional impact with restricted *** warming potential(GWP(20 yr))calculated for the studied fluoro diketones were 0.014,0.003 and 0.001 for TFP,TFH and TFMH,respectively with a negligible contribution to the greenhouse effect.

关键词： Fluorinated diketones Kinetics sPME-GC-FID FTIR in situ sAR Free energy relationships

Reassessing the AMPK-MTORC1 balance in autophagy in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3209-3210页

作者： Marta García-Juan Mario Villa Irene Benito-Cuesta Lara Ordónez-Gutiérrez Francisco Wandosell Centro de Biología Molecular“severo Ochoa”(CsIC-UAM) Nicolas Cabrera 1Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Fisiología Animal Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain department of Clinical Neuroscience CMM Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset SolnaStockholmSweden departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Universidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas(CIBERNED) MadridSpain

Autophagy is a cellular degradation and recycling system,indispensable for cellular and organ development,homeostasis,and *** cellular process is evolutionarily highly conserved to quality control of many proteins and dysfunctional organelles,which finally recycle components as amino *** process is effective during normal physiology as part of anabolism and plays an additional important role during starvation(Dikic and Elazar,2018).Different types of autophagy have been chara cterized based on their dynamic,mechanism of action,target substrates,and protein *** of them are macroautophagy(hereafter called"autophagy"),microa utophagy,and chape rone-media ted autophagy(Fleming et al.,2022).

关键词： homeostasis system hereafter

Differential response of injured and healthy retinas to syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation of a clonal cell line of immortalized olfactory ensheathing glia:a double-edged sword

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2395-2407页

作者： María Norte-Muñoz María Portela-Lomba Paloma sobrado-Calvo Diana simón Johnny Di Pierdomenico Alejandro Gallego-Ortega Mar Pérez JoséMCabrera-Maqueda Javier sierra Manuel Vidal-sanz María Teresa Moreno-Flores Marta Agudo-Barriuso Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental Departamento de OftalmologíaOptometríaOtorrinolaringología y Anatomía PatológicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria(IMIB)Campus de Ciencias de la SaludMurciaSpain Experimental sciences Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain Anatomy Histology and Neuroscience DepartmentMedicine FacultyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Center of Neuroimmunology Service of NeurologyLaboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological DiseasesHospital Clínic of BarcelonaInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer(IDIBAPS)and Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Medicine Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain

Olfactory ensheathing glia promote axonal regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system,including retinal ganglion cell axonal growth through the injured optic ***,it is unknown whether olfactory ensheathing glia also have neuroprotective *** ensheathing glia express brain-derived neurotrophic factor,one of the best neuroprotectants for axotomized retinal ganglion ***,we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective capacity of olfactory ensheating glia after optic nerve *** ensheathing glia cells from an established rat immortalized clonal cell line,TEG3,were intravitreally injected in intact and axotomized retinas in syngeneic and allogeneic mode with or without microglial inhibition or immunosuppressive *** and gene expression analyses were *** bulb-derived primary olfactory ensheathing glia and TEG3 express major histocompatibility complex classⅡ*** and syngenically transplanted TEG3 cells survived in the vitreous for up to 21 days,forming an *** axotomized retinas,only the allogeneic TEG3 transplant rescued retinal ganglion cells at 7 days but not at 21 *** these retinas,microglial anatomical activation was higher than after optic nerve crush *** intact retinas,both transplants activated microglial cells and caused retinal ganglion cell death at 21 days,a loss that was higher after allotransplantation,triggered by pyroptosis and partially rescued by microglial inhibition or ***,neuroprotection of axotomized retinal ganglion cells did not improve with these *** different neuroprotective properties,different toxic effects,and different responses to microglial inhibitory treatments of olfactory ensheathing glia in the retina depending on the type of transplant highlight the importance of thorough preclinical studies to explore these variables.

关键词： cell therapy immune recognition major histocompatibility complex class II(MHCII) neuroprotection olfactory ensheathing glia retinal ganglion cells