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Monoclonal antibodies and aptamers:The future therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第7期14卷 2795-2814页

作者： Alvaro Barrera-Ocampo facultad de Ingenierıa Diseno y Ciencias AplicadasDepartamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas y QuimicasGrupo NaturaUniversidad IcesiCali 760031Colombia

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is considered the most common and prevalent form of dementia of adult-onset with characteristic progressive impairment in cognition and *** cure for AD has not been found yet and the treatments available until recently were only *** of multidisciplinary approaches and efforts made by pharmaceutical companies,it was only in the past two years that new drugs were approved for the treatment of the *** beta(Ab)immunotherapy is at the core of this therapy,which is one of the most innovative approaches looking to change the course of *** technology is based on synthetic peptides or monoclonal antibodies(mAb)to reduce Ab levels in the brain and slow down the advance of ***,this article reviews the state of the art about AD neuropathogenesis,the traditional pharmacologic treatment,as well as the modern active and passive immunization describing approved drugs,and drug prototypes currently under investigation in different clinical *** addition,future perspectives on immunotherapeutic strategies for AD and the rise of the aptamer technology as a non-immunogenic alternative to curb the disease progression are discussed.

关键词： Ab Monoclonal antibody DNA aptamers Cognitive impairment Alzheimer’s disease Clinical trials Immunotherapy Machine learning

Hydroxytyrosol and Parkinson's disease:protective actions against alpha-synuclein toxicity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1427-1428页

作者： Ruth Hornedo-Ortega Ana M.Espinosa-Oliva departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología Toxicología y Medicina LegalFacultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de SevillaSevilleSpain Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevillaSpain departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain

Parkinson’s disease:Parkinson’s disease(PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease,after Alzheimer’s disease,affecting 1%of the general population over the age of *** to data from the World Health Organization(WHO),its prevalence has doubled in the past 25 *** 2019,global estimates indicated over 8.5 million individuals with PD and it is suggested that PD caused 329000 deaths,an increase of over 100% since 2000(WHO,2022).

关键词： protective Alzheimer prevalence

Environmental drivers of long-term variations in the abundance of the red hocicudo mouse (Oxymycterus rufus) in Pampas agroecosystems

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 37-51页

作者： Laura Mariel CALFAyAN Regino CAVIA Jimena FRASCHINA Juan Santiago GUIDOBONO Irene Laura GOROSITO María BUSCH Laboratorio de Ecología de Poblaciones Departamento de EcologíaGenética y EvoluciónFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de EcologíaGenética y Evolución de Buenos Aires(IEGEBA)Buenos AiresArgentina

During the 20th century,there has been an ongoing agricultural expansion and global warming,two of the main determinants influencing biodiversity changes in *** red hocicudo mouse(Oxymycterus rufus)inhabits subtropical grasslands and riparian habitats and has increased its abundance in recent years in central Argentina *** paper describes the long-term temporal changes in *** abundance in Exaltación de la Cruz department,Buenos Aires province,Argentina,in relation to weatherfluctuations and landscape features,as well as analyzes the spatio-temporal structure of captures of *** used generalized liner models,semi-variograms,the Mantel test,and autocorrelation functions for the analysis of rodent data obtained from trappings conducted between 1984 and *** showed an increase in abundance across the years of study,with its distribution depending on landscape features,such as habitat types and the distance *** rates showed a spatio-temporal aggregation,suggesting expansion from previously occupied *** was more abundant at lower minimum temperatures in summer,higher precipitation in spring and summer,and lower precip-itations in *** conditions affected *** abundance,but there was local variation that differed from global patterns of climate change.

关键词： agroecosystems climate change linear habitats Oxymycterus rufus rodent

Spatial and temporal patterns of forest fires in the Central Monte:relationships with regional climate

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 66-79页

作者： Pablo Eugenio Villagra Erica Cesca Leandro Manuel Alvarez Silvia delgado Ricardo Villalba Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y ciencias Ambientales–CONICET-CCT Mendoza facultad de ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional de Cuyo

Background Natural and anthropogenic wildfires burn large areas of arid and semi-arid forests with significant socio-economic and environmental impacts. Fire regimes are controlled by climate, vegetation type, and anthropogenic factors such as ignition sources and human-induced disturbances. Projections of climate and land-use change suggest that these controlling factors will change, altering fire regimes in the near future. In the southern Central Monte, Mendoza, Argentina, the factors that modulate the fire temporal and spatial variability are poorly understood. We reconstructed the fire history of southeast of Mendoza from 1984 to 2023 and investigated the relationships between fire extent and climate variability at seasonal and interannual scales. Burned areas were determined using Google Earth Engine by processing Landsat 5-TM, Landsat 7-ETM+, and Landsat 8-OLI-TIRS sensor *** The region exhibited high spatial and temporal variability in fire occurrence, being a mosaic of areas with different fire histories and recovery times. Between 1985 and 2023, fire recurrence ranged from sites unburned to sites with up to 14 fires. The occurrence of large fires was strongly favored by a combination of a year with abundant spring–early summer precipitation, which favors fuel accumulation, followed by a year of low spring–early summer precipitation. Precipitation and burnt area showed a very pronounced 6–7 year cycle, suggesting a dominant climatic control on fire *** Fire distribution in southeastern Mendoza forests is not homogeneous, resulting in a mosaic of patches with different fire histories. This heterogeneity may be related to vegetation patterns and land use. The temporal variability of fires is strongly influenced by climate variability, which would promote fuel production and subsequent drying. Large fires are concentrated in periods of high interannual precipitation variability. Climate change scenarios predict an increase in tem

关键词： Fire recurrence Fire mapping Recovery time Climate Dry forest Wildfire

The relationship between morphology and flight in Drosophila:a study of two pairs of sibling species from a natural population

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 885-900页

作者： Nicolás Flaibani Victoría Estefania Ortiz Juan JoséFanara Valeria Paula Carreira Laboratorio de Evolucion Departamento de EcologiaGenética y Evolucion(DEGE)Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales(FCEN)Universidad de Buenos Aires(UBA)Instituto de GenéticaEcologia y Evolucion de Buenos Aires(IEGEBA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificasy Tecnicas(CONICET)-UBABuenos AiresArgentina

Insect flight is a complex trait involved in different behaviors,from the search for sexual partners,food,or breeding *** studies have postulated the adaptive advantages of certain morphological traits in relation to increased flight capacity,such as low values of wing loading or high values of wing:thorax ratio and wing-aspect ***,few studies have evaluated the relationship between variables related to flight and morphological traits in *** work aimed to study morphological traits in males and females of two pairs of sibling species:Drosophila buzzati Patterson and Wheeler-Drosophila koeferae Fontdevila and Wasserman,and Drosophila melanogaster Meigen-Drosophila simulans Sturtevant,and to analyze its relationship with *** detected the highest proportion of flight time in *** and *** compared to *** and ***,*** results also revealed sexual dimorphism,with males exhibiting a higher proportion of flight time than ***,we did not find a general pattern to explain the relationship between morphology and the proportion of flight time because associations varied depending upon the analyses(considering all groups together or each sex-species combination separately).Moreover,these associations explained a low percentage of variation,suggesting that other nonmorphological components related to flight,such as physiological variables,should be taken into *** work allowed us to show the variability and complexity of an aspect of flight,suggesting that the adaptive role of the morphological traits studied might have been overestimated.

关键词： morphological traits time in flight wing loading wing:thorax ratio wingaspect ratio wing second moment of area

Genetic and epigenetic targets of natural dietary compounds as anti-Alzheimer's agents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 846-854页

作者： Willian Orlando Castillo-Ordoñez Nohelia Cajas-Salazar Mayra Alejandra Velasco-Reyes facultad de ciencias Naturales-Exactas y de la Educación Departamento de Biología.Universidad del Cauca departamento de Estudios Psicológicos Universidad Icesi

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia that principally affects older *** factors,such as oxidative stress,an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity,mitochondrial dysfunction,genotoxicity,and neuroinflammation are present in this syndrome,which leads to *** pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease are considered late-onset diseases caused by the complex combination of genetic,epigenetic,and environmental *** are two main types of Alzheimer’s disease,known as familial Alzheimer’s disease(onsetyears)and late-onset or sporadic Alzheimer’s disease(onset≥65 years).Patients with familial Alzheimer’s disease inherit the disease due to rare mutations on the amyloid precursor protein(APP),presenilin 1 and 2(PSEN1 and PSEN2)genes in an autosomaldominantly fashion with closely 100%*** contrast,a different picture seems to emerge for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease,which exhibits numerous non-Mendelian anomalies suggesting an epigenetic component in its ***,the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms driving Alzheimer’s disease are interfaced with epigenetic ***,the dynamic nature of epigenetics seems to open up new avenues and hope in regenerative neurogenesis to improve brain repair in Alzheimer’s disease or following injury or stroke in *** recent years,there has been an increase in interest in using natural products for the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer’s *** epigenetic mechanisms,such as DNA methylation,non-coding RNAs,histone modification,and chromatin conformation regulation,natural compounds appear to exert neuroprotective *** we do not purport to cover every in this work,we do attempt to illustrate how various phytochemical compounds regulate the epigenetic effects of a few Alzheimer’s disease-related genes.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease epigenetics genes methylation natural products

A new look at the first dinosaur discovered in Antarctica: reappraisal of Antarctopelta oliveroi(Ankylosauria: Parankylosauria)

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年

作者： Sergio SOTO ACU?A Alexander O.VARGAS Jonatan KALUZA Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Red Paleontológica U-Chile departamento de Biología facultad de ciencias Universidad de Chile Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara Universidad Maimónides Escuela de Geología facultad de ciencias Ingeniería y tecnología Universidad Mayor Providencia

The first dinosaur discovered in the Antarctic continent was the ankylosaur Antarctopelta oliveroi in the 1980s. Nevertheless， since then several hypotheses of phylogenetical relationships have been proposed because these have been depended on how the skeletal remains have been interpreted. The main obstacle for clarifying its phylogenetic position is that many portions of the skeleton remain unknown， in addition to the presence of unknown characters in typical ankylosaurs. Considered an ankylosaurid， nodosaurid， or even a chimaera， a recent proposal based on mostly complete material of a new ankylosaur from Chilean Patagonia provided support for a novel phylogenetic hypothesis: Antarctopelta and other southern ankylosaurs are an early branching clade， the Parankylosauria， whose origin probably dates to the Late Jurassic. In the light of this new view， a redescription of the available skeletal remains is provided together with a new reconstruction of the first Antarctic dinosaur known to the science community.

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 1-12页

作者： Lucia V.Sommaro Juan J.Martinez Marina B.Chiappero Andrea R.Steinmann Cristina N.Gardenal JoséW.Priotto Laboratorio de Ecologia Evolutiva y Biogeografia Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas(INECoA)Universidad Nacional de Jujuy-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas(CONICET)San Salvador de JujuyJujuyArgentina Instituto de Diversidad y Ecologia Animal(IdeA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)and Universidad Nacionalde CordobaCordobaArgentina Catedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolucion Facultad de Ciencias ExactasFisicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CordobaCordobaArgentina Grupo de Investigaciones en Ecologia Poblacional y Comportamental(GIEPCO) Instituto de Ciencias de la TierraBiodiversidad y Ambiente(ICBiA)Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)Rio CuartoCordobaArgentina

The sex-biased dispersal and kinship dynamics are important factors shaping the spatial distribution of individuals and are key parameters affecting a variety of ecological and evolutionary ***,we studied the spatial distribution of related individuals within a population of corn mice Calomys musculinus in a seasonal cycle to infer dispersal *** sampling was carried out from spring 2005 to winter 2006 in field borders of intensively managed *** data from 346 individuals with 9 microsatellites showed spatial genetic structure was weak for males,but not for *** results indicate a complex spatial kinship dynamic of related females across all ***,contrary to our expectations,dispersal distances decrease with the increase of the population ***,male dispersal distances were greater when population abundance increased and thus the availability of active *** disperse greater distances to mate and sire offspring with distant females as a possible inbreeding avoidance *** study shows that *** is capable of much greater scattering distances than previously reported and that dispersal occurs fluidly and without barriers across the *** indirect benefit of dispersal on individual fitness could be related to relaxing the competition in the natal area and increasing the mating *** study highlights the value of combining genetic relatedness,fieldwork observations,and behavioral data to estimate dispersal at a fine geographical scale.

关键词： dispersal distances kinship dynamics microsatellite small mammals spatial autocorrelation

Bird species present in urban parks are more colorful than urban avoiders:A test in the Argentinian Pampas

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 22-26页

作者： Lucas M.Leveau departamento de Ecología Genetica y EvolucionFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos Aires-IEGEBA(CONICET-UBA)Intendente Güiraldes 2160Ciudad UniversitariaC1428EGABuenos AiresArgentina

Bird plumage color has been assessed as a possible trait driving the presence of bird species in urban *** some species can see the ultraviolet(UV) spectrum,the mentioned studies did not take into account UV reflectance when characterizing bird *** study aimed to use a recent database of the colorfulness in passerines that incorporated the UV spectrum to compare bird colorfulness and other traits between urban parks and rural areas in Central-East *** in urban parks were surveyed in 51 parks in 6 cities during breeding and non-breeding seasons.A list of Passeriformes species from parks was created,and a list of urban avoider species was created from the *** traits were body mass,clutch size,migratory status,nesting site,diet and habitat breadth,and plumage colorfulness.A total of 85 species were detected in the regional pool,of which 30 species were detected in urban *** species present in urban parks were more colorful than bird species only present in rural *** addition,bird presence in urban parks was positively related to their regional frequency and diet ***,urban presence was related to nesting on trees and buildings,whereas species not present in urban parks nested on the *** results obtained showed that bird color is significantly associated with presence of bird species in urban parks.

关键词： Avian Filter Phenotype Selection Ultraviolet