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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 821-828页

作者： Eduardo M. Soto Maria I. L. Betti Juan Hurtado Esteban Hasson Departamento de ecologia Genetica y Evolucion IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad deBuenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina

The preference-performance relationship in plant-insect interactions is a cen- tral theme in evolutionary ecology. Among many insects, eggs are vulnerable and larvae have limited mobility, making the choice of an appropriate oviposition site one of the most important decisions for a female. We investigated the evolution of oviposition preferences in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and Drosophila simulans Sturtevant by artificially selecting for the preference for 2 natural resources, grape and quince. The main finding of our study is the differential responses of D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Although preferences evolved in the experimental populations of D. melanogaster, responses were not consistent with the selection regimes applied. In contrast, responses in D. simulans were consistent with expectations, demonstrating that this species has selectable genetic variation for the trait. Furthermore, crosses between D. simulans divergent lines showed that the genetic factors involved in grape preference appear to be largely recessive. In summary, our artificial selection study suggests that D. melanogaster and D. simulans possess different genetic architectures for this trait.

关键词： artificial selection behavior Drosophila genetic variation naturalresources oviposition preference

Contrasting levels of genotype by environment interaction for life history and morphological traits in invasive populations of Zaprionus indianus(Diptera:Drosophilidae)

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Insect Science 2020年第5期27卷 1090-1100页

作者： Nicolas J.Lavagnino Marcos Imberti Victoria E.Ortizj Nicolas Flaibani Juan Jose Fanara Laboratorio de Evolucion Departamento de EcologiaGenetica y EvolucidnFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresArgentina IEGEBA-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresArgentina

It has been demonstrated that phenotypic plasticity and genotype by envi-ronment interaction are important for coping with new and heterogeneous environments during *** indianus Gupta(Diptera:Drosophilidae)is an Afrotropical invasive fly species introduced to the South American continent in *** species is generalist and polyphagous,since it develops and feeds in several different fruit *** characteristics of *** suggest that phenotypic plasticity and genotype by environment interaction may be important in this species invasion *** this sense,our aim was to investigate the role of genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity(geno-type by environment interaction)in *** invasion of the South American ***,we quantified quantitative genetic variation and genotype by environment in-teractions of morphological and life history traits in different developmental environments,that is,host *** was done in different populations in the invasive range of ***-anus in *** showed that *** populations have considerable amounts of quantitative genetic ***,genotype by environment interactions was detected for the different traits analyzed in response to the different developmental ***,the amounts and patterns of these parameters differed between *** interpreled these results as the existence of diferences in evolutionary potential be-tween populations that have an important role in the short-and long-term success of the *** invasion process.

关键词： biological invasion genotype by env ironment interaction invaded range life history traits morphological traits Zaprionus indianus

Pupal emergence pattern in cactophilic Drosophila and the effect of host plants

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1108-1118页

作者： Eduardo M.Soto Julián Padrò Pablo Milla Carmona Diego T.Tuero Valeria P.Carreira Ignacio M.Soto Departamento de ecologia Genética y Evoluciòn Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresIEGEBA-CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina

Drosophila buzzatii and *** are sibling cactophilie *** former breeds primarily on prickly pears (genus Opuntia)whereas the latter breeds on columnar cacti of the genera Cereus and Trichocereus,although with certain degree of niche *** examined the interspecific differences in diurnal temporal patterns of adult emergence from puparia and evaluated whether this behavior is affected by rearing in the different cactus hosts available in *** detected important host-dependent genetic variation for this trait differentially affecting the emergence schedule of these *** pattern of emergence time was directly correlated with developmental time and negatively correlated with adult wing size,suggesting that early emergences are at least indirectly correlated with increased *** discussed our results in terms of their putative effects on fitness and the genetic-metabolic pathways that would be presumably affected by host's nutritional-chemical differences.

关键词： alkaloids cactus circadian cycle life history traits phenotypic plasticity pupae

The relationship between morphology and flight in Drosophila:a study of two pairs of sibling species from a natural population

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 885-900页

作者： Nicolás Flaibani Victoría Estefania Ortiz Juan JoséFanara Valeria Paula Carreira Laboratorio de Evolucion Departamento de EcologiaGenética y Evolucion(DEGE)Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales(FCEN)Universidad de Buenos Aires(UBA)Instituto de GenéticaEcologia y Evolucion de Buenos Aires(IEGEBA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificasy Tecnicas(CONICET)-UBABuenos AiresArgentina

Insect flight is a complex trait involved in different behaviors,from the search for sexual partners,food,or breeding *** studies have postulated the adaptive advantages of certain morphological traits in relation to increased flight capacity,such as low values of wing loading or high values of wing:thorax ratio and wing-aspect ***,few studies have evaluated the relationship between variables related to flight and morphological traits in *** work aimed to study morphological traits in males and females of two pairs of sibling species:Drosophila buzzati Patterson and Wheeler-Drosophila koeferae Fontdevila and Wasserman,and Drosophila melanogaster Meigen-Drosophila simulans Sturtevant,and to analyze its relationship with *** detected the highest proportion of flight time in *** and *** compared to *** and ***,*** results also revealed sexual dimorphism,with males exhibiting a higher proportion of flight time than ***,we did not find a general pattern to explain the relationship between morphology and the proportion of flight time because associations varied depending upon the analyses(considering all groups together or each sex-species combination separately).Moreover,these associations explained a low percentage of variation,suggesting that other nonmorphological components related to flight,such as physiological variables,should be taken into *** work allowed us to show the variability and complexity of an aspect of flight,suggesting that the adaptive role of the morphological traits studied might have been overestimated.

关键词： morphological traits time in flight wing loading wing:thorax ratio wingaspect ratio wing second moment of area

The movement of ＂false antennae＂ in butterflies with ＂false head＂ wing patterns

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 758-764页

作者： Tania G. LOPEZ-PALAFOX Armando LUIS-MARTINEZ Carlos CORDERO Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas Instituto de Ecologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Distrito Federal 04510 Mexico Museo de Zoologia Departamento de Biologia Evolutiva Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Distrito Federal 04510 Mexico Departamento de ecologia Evolutiva Instituto de Ecologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M6xico Distrito Federal 04510 Mexico

In many butterfly species of the family Lycaenidae, the morphology and color pattern of the hind wings, together with certain behaviors, suggests the presence of a false head （FH） at the posterior end of the perching individual. This FH is consi- dered an adaptation to escape from visually oriented predators. A frequent component of the FH are the tails that presumably resemble the antennae, and the typical hind wings back-and-forth movement along the sagittal plane （HWM） performed while perching apparently move the tails in a way that mimics antennal movement. By exposing 33 individuals from 18 species of Lycaenidae to a stuffed insectivorous bird, we tested two alternative hypotheses regarding HWM. The first hypothesis proposes that, when the butterfly is observed at close range, the HWM distorts the shape of the false head thus reducing its deceiving effect and, therefore, selection will favor butterflies that stop moving their wings when a predator is close by; the second hypothesis says that an increase in the frequency of HWM improves its deflective effect when the butterfly confronts a predator at close range. Our results tend to support the second hypothesis because half of the butterflies started to move their hind wings or increased the rate of HWM when exposed to the stuffed bird; however a substantial proportion of butterflies （30%） stopped moving their hind wings or decreased the rate of HWM as expected from the first hypothesis. Our observations also showed that there is great variation in the rates of HWM, and demonstrated the existence of alternative ways of producing ＂vivid＂ movement of the hind wing tails （the ＂false antennae＂） in the absence of HWM [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 758-764, 2015].

关键词： Butterflies Lycaenidae Predator deception Anti-predator behavior Wing morphology

Metabolic enzymes in seasonally acclimatized and cold acclimated rufous-collared sparrow inhabiting a Chilean Mediterranean environment

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Current Zoology 2014年第3期60卷 338-350页

作者： Isaac PENA-VILLALOBOS Monica NUNEZ-VILLEGAS Francisco BOZINOVIC Pablo SABAT Departamento de Ciencias Ecologicas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile Casilla 653 Santiago Chile Departamento de ecologia and Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability (CAPES) Facultad de Ciencias Biol6gicas Pontificia Universidad Cat61ica de Chile Santiago 6513677 Chile

Due to the higher energy requirements of birds during winter, it is predicted that the activities of metabolic enzymes （e.g., citrate synthase, CS and cytochrome C oxidase, COX） should increase in tandem with increases in rates of energy expendi ture （e.g., basal metabolic rate, BMR）. However, there is mixed support for the hypothesis of enzymatic acclimatization. Fur thermore, there is little information about the effect of ambient temperature on energetics and tissue enzyme activity levels in passerines inhabiting seasonal Mediterranean environments. In this study we evaluated the interplay between BMR and enzyme activities of freshly caught individuals of the passerine Zonotrichia capensis in winter and summer in a Mediterranean environment from central Chile, and also in warm （30℃） and cold （15℃） labacclimated birds. The results revealed a lack of seasonal variation in BMR, thermal conductance and in the activity of CS and COX. However, we found higher BMR and lower thermal conductance in coldacclimated than in warmacclimated birds. Also, total CS activity was higher in the flight muscles of coldacclimated than in warmacclimated birds. We found also a significant correlation between BMR and total CS activity in pectoral muscle. Although some authors have suggested that BMR mainly depends on the metabolic intensity and mass of internal organs, our results revealed that skeletal muscles such as the flight muscles may also affect BMR. Finally, differences in the accli mation and acclimatization responses in Rufouscollared sparrows suggest that largescale oscillations in the physical environment might maintain the capacity for flexibility in thermogenic traits through generations .

关键词： Basal metabolic rate Citrate synthase Cytochrome C oxidase Phenotypic flexibility Thermal acclimation,Zonotrichia capensis

Gustatory responsiveness in Vespula germanica workers:exploring the interplay between sensory perception and task specialization

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 587-598页

作者： Analia Mattiacci Carolina Mengoni Gonalons MaitéMasciocchi Juan C.Corley Grupo de ecologia de Poblaciones de Insectos IFAB(CONICETINTA EEA Bariloche)BarilocheArgentina Departamento de ecologia Centro Regional Universitario BarilocheUniversidad Nacional Del ComahueBarilocheArgentina Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Workers'task specialization and division of labor are critical features of social insects'ecological *** has been proposed that the division of labor relies on response threshold models:individuals varying their sensitivity(and responsiveness)to biologically relevant stimuli and performing a specific task when a stimulus exceeds an internal *** this work,we study carbohydrate and protein responsiveness and their relation to worker task specialization in Vespula germanica,an invasive social *** sucrose and peptone responsiveness of two different subcastes,preforagers and foragers,was determined by stimulating the antenna of the wasps with increasing concentrations of the solution and quantifying whether each concentration elicited a licking *** studied responsiveness in five different ways:(1)response threshold,(2)concentration 50(concentration to which at least 50%of wasps responded),(3)maximum response,(4)mean scores and(5)median *** results suggest that V germanica foragers are more sensitive to sucrose(lower thresholds)than preforager ***,we found no differences for peptone thresholds(i.e.,a protein resource).Nonetheless,this is the first study to investigate response thresholds for protein *** intercaste variation in sucrose responsiveness shown in our work contributes to the existing knowledge about response threshold theory as a mechanism for task specialization observed in V germanica.

关键词： carbohydrates responsiveness division of labor protein responsiveness response thresholds models social insect yellow jacket

Annotated expressed sequence tags and xenobiotic detoxification in the aphid Myzus persicae （Sulzer）

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Insect Science 2007年第1期14卷 29-45页

作者： C.C. FIGUEROA N. PRUNIER-LETERME C. RISPE F. SEPOLVEDA E. FUENTES-CONTRERAS B. SABATER-MUNOZ J.-C. SIMON D. TAGU Instituto de ecologia y Evolucion Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile INRA Rennes UMR 1099 BiO3P INRA - Agrocampus BP 35327 35653 Le Rheucedex France and Departamento de Produccion Agrfcola Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Talca Talca Chile

Aphids （Hemiptera： Aphididae） are phytophagous insects that are important agricultural pests. The enormous negative economic impacts caused by aphids worldwide are well known, and are mostly due to their high multiplication rate and the transmission of phytopathogenic viruses. Aphid management strategies mainly involve chemical treatments which are pollutants and are increasingly inefficient, since aphids have developed multiple insecticide-resistant mechanisms. Among the most economically important species is the green peach aptfid Myzus persicae Sulzer （Aphididae： Macrosiphini）, which is able to colonize a wide range of host plants belonging to many different families, and transmits numerous plant viruses. Because of its large prevalence, M. persicae has been the target of massive insecticide treatments; consequently, it has evolved several insecticide-resistant mechanisms. In this work, a collection of expressed genes from M. persicae is presented in order to identify putative genes involved in xenobiotic detoxification. After cDNA cloning and sequencing, 959 expressed sequence tags （EST） were annotated. Most sequences matched known genes corresponded to metabolism proteins （26%）, ribosomal proteins （ 23 % ） and structural proteins （8%）. Among them, several sequences corresponded to proteins putatively involved in sensing, degradation or detoxification of plant xenobiotic products.

关键词： aphid detoxification EST genomics insect-plant relationships Myzuspersicae

Drought and Spatiotemporal Variability of Forest Fires Across Mexico

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第1期28卷 25-37页

作者： Pompa-García MARíN Camarero J.JULIO Rodríguez-Trejo DANTE ARTURO Vega-Nieva DANIEL JOSE facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango Durango 34120 MExico Instituto Pirenaico de ecologia IPE-CSIC 50059 Spain Divisian de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Autonoma Chapingo Chapingo 56230 MExico

Understanding the spatiotemporal links between drought and forest fire occurrence is crucial for improving decision-making in fire management under current and future climatic conditions. We quantified forest fire activity in Mexico using georeferenced fire records for the period of 2005–2015 and examined its spatial and temporal relationships with a multiscalar drought index, the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI). A total of 47975 fire counts were recorded in the 11-year long study period, with the peak in fire frequency occurring in 2011. We identified four fire clusters, i.e., regions where there is a high density of fire records in Mexico using the Getis-Ord G spatial statistic. Then, we examined fire frequency data in the clustered regions and assessed how fire activity related to the SPEI for the entire study period and also for the year 2011. Associations between the SPEI and fire frequency varied across Mexico and fire-SPEI relationships also varied across the months of major fire occurrence and related SPEI temporal scales. In particular, in the two fire clusters located in northern Mexico(Chihuahua, northern Baja California), drier conditions over the previous 5 months triggered fire occurrence. In contrast, we did not observe a significant relationship between drought severity and fire frequency in the central Mexico cluster, which exhibited the highest fire frequency. We also found moderate fire-drought associations in the cluster situated in the tropical southern Chiapas where agriculture activities are the main causes of forest fire occurrence. These results are useful for improving our understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of fire occurrence as related to drought severity in megadiverse countries hosting many forest types as Mexico.

关键词： cluster drought forest fires geostatistics spatial clusters Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)

Phenotypic plasticity in Drosophila cactophilic species the effect of competition, density, and breeding sites

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 675-683页

作者： Juan Jose Fanara Victoria Werenkraut Departamento de ecologia Genetica y Evolucion Instituto de Ecologia GeneUca y Evolucion de Buenos Aires (CONICET-UBA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Ciudad Universitaria Pabellon II Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Laboratorio Ecotono Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche Universidad Nacional del ComahuelINIBIOMA-CONICET Quintral 1250 Bariloche Rio Negro Argentina

Changes in the environmental conditions experienced by naturally occurring populations are frequently accompanied by changes in adaptive traits allowing the organ- ism to cope with environmental unpredictability. Phenotypic plasticity is a major aspect of adaptation and it has been involved in population dynamics of interacting species. In this study, phenotypic plasticity （i,e., environmental sensitivity） of morphological adap- tive traits were analyzed in the cactophilic species Drosophila buzzatii and Drosophila koepferae （Diptera： Drosophilidae） considering the effect of crowding conditions （low and high density）, type of competition （intraspecific and interspecific competition） and cacti hosts （Opuntia and Columnar cacti）. All traits （wing length, wing width, thorax length, wing loading and wing aspect） showed significant variation for each environmental factor considered in both Drosophila species. The phenotypic plasticity pattern observed for each trait was different within and between these cactopbilic Drosophila species depending on the environmental factor analyzed suggesting that body size-related traits respond almost independently to environmental heterogeneity. The effects of ecological factors analyzed in this study are discussed in order to elucidate the causal factors investigated （type of com- petition, crowding conditions and alternative host） affecting the election of the breeding site and/or the range of distribution of these cactophilic species.

关键词： adaptation body size colonization Drosophila cactophilic species wingaspect wing loading