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Genetic Enhancement of Indigenous Cowpea with Gamma-Ray Induced Trait Variation

American Journal of Plant sciences 2024年第8期15卷 651-676页

作者： Mathurin Tiergnin Dabiré Minimassom Philippe Nikiéma Djibril Yonli Safiatou Sanna Wossoguim Josué Gouba Siébou Palé Hamidou Traoré Joseph T. B. Batieno Varra Prasad Zacharia Stewart Jan B. Middendorf Abhishek Rathore Anupama J. Hingane Unit de Formation et de Recherches en sciences et Technologies Dpartement des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Institut de lEnvironnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan USA Center for Agriculture-Led Growth Bureau for Resilience and Food Security United States Agency for International Development United States Agency for International Development Washington DC USA International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) ICRISAT Campus Patancheru India Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear techniques in Food and Agriculture Department of Nuclear sciences and Applications Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Seibersdorf Vienna Austria

Production of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), a staple legume crop in Sub-Saharan Africa, faces challenges due to biotic and abiotic constraints. Induced mutagenesis was deployed to create genetic variation in two cowpea varieties (KVX396-4-5-2D and Moussa local). The radio-sensitivity tests led to determe the lethal dose 50 (LD50) corresponding to 230 Gy and 220 Gy for KVX396-4-5-2D and Moussa local varieties, respectively. Dried seeds (M0) of each variety were gamma-ray irradiated with LD50 − 50, LD50 and LD50 + 50. M1 seeds were advanced to generate M2, M3 and M4 mutants using the single-seed-descent method. M4 mutant lines were evaluated in rain-fed conditions using a randomized complete block design to assess phenotypic differences. Data on seven qualitative and eleven quantitative traits were collected. The results indicated that the mutation induced variability in three qualitative traits: in KVX 396-4-5-2D mutant lines, with flower and seed color frequencies at 2.61% and 0.56% respectively, and pod dehiscence at a frequency of 0.24%. While in Moussa local mutants, a pod color changed at a frequency of 17%. ANOVA results revealed significant differences between mutants of both varieties for all quantitative traits, including photosynthetic parameters. Positive correlations were observed between leaf diameter and 100-seed weight, and between branch number and 100-seed weight. Hierarchical clustering revealed three clusters among KVX 396-4-5-2D mutants and six clusters among Moussa local mutants. Early maturity and high foliage were induced traits in Cluster 3 of KVX 396-4-5-2D mutants while high hundred-seed weight was induced in Cluster 6 of Moussa local mutants.

关键词： Cowpea Mutagenesis Gamma Rays Radio-Sensitivity Phenotyping

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The magnetic properties of diluted CoFe_2O_4 nanomaterials

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第4期21卷 513-518页

作者： R.Masrour M.Hamedoun A.Benyoussef Laboratory of Materials ProcessesEnvironment and QualityCady Ayyed UniversityNational School of Applied SciencesRoute Sidi Bouzid-BP 6346000 SafiMorocco LMPHE(URAC 12) Facultédes SciencesUniversitéMohamed V-AgdalRabatMorocco Institute for Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies RabatMAScIRMorocco Academie HassanⅡdes sciences et techniques RabatMorocco Academie HassanⅡdes sciences et techniques RabatMorocco

The magnetic properties of （Cox Fe1-x）A （Zn1-x Fe1＋x）B O4 are studied using mean-field theory and the probability distribution law to obtain the saturation magnetization, the coercive field, the critical temperature, and the exchange interactions with different values of D （nm） and x. High-temperature series expansions （HTSEs） combined with the Pade approximant are used to calculate the critical temperature of （CoxFe1-x）A（Znl-xFe1＋x）BO4, and the critical exponent associated with magnetic susceptibility is obtained.

关键词： (CoxFe1-x)a(Zn1-xFe1+x)BO4 probability law saturation magnetization coercive field high-temperature series expansions

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Phosphorus mobility in dam reservoir affected by redox oscillations:An experimental study

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2019年第3期31卷 250-263页

作者： Anne Rapin Malgorzata Grybos Marion Rabiet Brice Mourier Véronique Deluchat Université de Limoges PEIRENE EA 7500 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université de Lyon UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés Université Lyon 1ENTPE CNRS

The internal sedimentary phosphorus(P) load of aquatic systems is able to support eutrophication, especially in dam–reservoir systems where sedimentary P stock is high and where temporary anaerobic conditions occur. The aim of this study therefore is to examine the response of sedimentary P exposed to redox oscillations. Surface sediments collected in the Champsanglard dam–reservoir(on the Creuse River, France) were subjected to two aerobic phases(10 and 12 days) alternated with two anaerobic periods(21 and 27 days)through batch incubations. The studied sediment contained 77 ± 3 μmol/g DW of P, mainly associated with the ascorbate fraction(amorphous Fe/Mn oxyhydroxides). The used sediment was rich in organic matter(OM)(21% ± 1%) with primarily allochthone *** results showed that redox oscillations enhance dissolved inorganic phosphorus release at sediment/water interface. During the first anaerobic stage, the P release was mainly controlled by the dissolution/precipitation of iron minerals. The more pronounced increase of P release during the second anaerobic stage(44%) was due to various mechanisms related to the change in quality of dissolved organic matter(DOM), namely a higher SUVA254 and humification indices. The release of more refractory DOM(rDOM) served to lower the microbial metabolism activity, possibly favored iron oxyhydroxide aggregation and thus limiting iron reduction. In addition, rDOM is able to compete for mineral P sorption sites,leading to a greater P release. In reservoir with predominant allochthone OM input, the release of more aromatic DOM therefore plays an important role in P mobility.

关键词： Phosphorus Sediment Redox Iron Organic matter

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COVID-19 Vaccination Status and Severe Outcomes among Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in West Africa, Togo, 2021

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 87-104页

作者： Awèréou Kotosso Yao Rodion Konu Lidaw Déassoua Bawe Sarakawabalo Assenouwe Yawovi Mawufemo Tsevi Koffi Atsu Aziagbe Akouda Akessiwe Patassi Bawoubadi Abaltou Gnimdou Tchamdja Lampouguini Nebona Komi Séraphin Adjoh Didier Ekouevi Majesté Ihou Wateba faculté des sciences de la Santé Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Centre Hospitalier Régional Lomé Commune Lomé Togo Service des Maladies Infectieuses Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus-Olympio Lomé Togo Unité de Recherche Mixte 1219 Bordeaux Population Health Centre University of Bordeaux National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) Bordeaux France Département de Santé Publique Université de Lomé Lomé Togo faculté des sciences de la Santé Université de Kara Kara Togo Service d’Anesthésie et Réanimation Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Kara Kara Togo Service de Néphrologie et d’Hémodialyse Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus-Olympio Lomé Togo Service de Pneumo-Phtisiologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus-Olympio Lomé Togo

Objectives: More than a year after its introduction, COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low in the Togolese population and little data were available on its benefits for hospitalized patients. This study aimed to describe the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the prognosis of hospitalized patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to the Centre Hospitalier Régional Lomé Commune (Togo) between June 1, 2021 and May 31, 2022. Primary outcomes (admission to the intensive care unit and death) were presented with frequency and proportion. Mortality rates were presented by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and compared by appropriate statistical tests. Factors associated with inpatient death were described by performing a Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: A total of 604 patients were hospitalized (50.0% women). The mean age was 54.03 ±17.1 years. Only 55 patients were fully vaccinated (9.1%). ICU admission was significantly more frequent in unvaccinated patients than in vaccinated ones (63.0% vs. 38.2%;p Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination had a significant benefit for patients with COVID-19 infection in terms of reducing the risk of death. Based on real-world data from sub-Saharan Africa, this information can help optimize the benefit of COVID-19 vaccination by raising community awareness and increasing vaccine coverage while reducing hesitancy.

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccination Prognosis Mortality Sub-Saharan Africa

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The Consideration of Overlapping Lines in the Calculation of Radiative Power Emitted from CH_4 Thermal Plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2012年第12期14卷 1073-1078页

作者： R. BENALLAL B. LIANI Theoretical Physics Laboratory Abou Bekr Belkaid University cole prparatoire des sciences et techniques

Net emission coefficients of radiation were calculated for isothermal plasma of methane as a function of the plasma temperature 5,000 - 30,000 K and the arc radius 0 mm to 10 mm at atmospheric pressure. Calculations take into account continuum and line radiations, special attention has also been given to the influence of overlapping spectral lines. The line shapes in our calculations are given by convolution of Doppler and Lorentz profiles, resulting in a simplified Voigt profile. In the case of a hydrogen profile, we used the Vidal tables, and the four first Lyman lines and the four first Balmer lines were considered. This calculation was carried out on the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium and in a nondiffusive environment. The net emission coefficient calculation for pure argon plasma was compared with the experimental results of Evans in our previous work. We used the escape factor, and our results were higher than those of the experiment. In this paper, we explain why, using the escape factor, the radiation is overestimated. The net emission coefficient obtained from a real spectrum was compared with Essoltani work＇s which used the line-by-line method for pure argon plasma.

关键词： thermal plasma radiation net emission coefficient absorption coefficient

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Human brain computing and brain-inspired intelligence

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National Science Review 2024年第05期 8-9页

作者： Jianfeng Feng Viktor Jirsa Wenlian Lu Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan University Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence(Fudan University) Ministry of Education Shanghai Center for Mathematical sciences Fudan University Department of Computer Science University of Warwick Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Faculté de Medécine

The relationship between structure, neural activity dynamics and intelligent human brain function is complex and multifaceted with deep roots in several academic disciplines. Its understanding is a fundamental goal of brain research [1] and may indicate the way towards the next generation of artificial intelligence [2]. There are major challenges on the way, several of which are addressed in this Special Topic of National Science Review.

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Using Optical Tweezers to Study the Friction of the Red Blood Cells

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 100-111页

作者： Edoukoua Jean Michel Konin Pavel Yale Abadê Ange-Boris N’guessan Kouassi Benoit Kouakou Abaka Michel Kouacou Eugene Megnassan Département des sciences et techniques Université Alassane Ouattara Bouaké C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratoire d’Instrumentation Image et Spectroscopie (L2IS) Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro C&#244te d’Ivoire Classes préparatoires aux grandes Ecoles Université de San Pedro San Pedro C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratoire de Physique Fondamentale et Appliquée Université Nangui Abrogoua (UNA) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

In the last two decades the study of red blood cell elasticity using optical tweezers has known a rise appearing in the scientific research with regard to the various works carried out. despite the various work done, no study has been done so far to study the influence of friction on the red blood cell indentation response using optical tweezers. In this study, we have developed a new approach to determine the coefficient of friction as well as the frictional forces of the red blood cell. This approach therefore allowed us to simultaneously carry out the indentation and traction test, which allowed us to extract the interfacial properties of the microbead red blood cell couple, among other things, the friction coefficient. This property would be extremely important to investigate the survival and mechanical features of cells, which will be of great physiological and pathological significance. But taking into account the hypothesis of friction as defined by the isotropic Coulomb law. The experiment performed for this purpose is the Brinell Hardness Test (DB).

关键词： Friction Indentation Optical Tweezers Tribology Red Blood Cells

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Quantitative Comparative Study of the Performance of Lossless Compression Methods Based on a Text Data Model

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Open Journal of Applied sciences 2024年第7期14卷 1944-1962页

作者： Namogo Silué Sié Ouattara Mouhamadou Dosso Alain Clément Laboratoire des sciences et Technologies de la Communication et de lInformation (LSTCI) Institut National Polytechnique Houphout Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Institut National Polytechnique Houphout Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire UFR Mathmatique-Informatique Ecole Doctorale Sciences-Technologie et Agriculture Durable (ED STAD) Universit Felix Houphout-Boigny (UFHB) Abidjan Cte dIvoire Ecole de Gomatique et du Territoire (EGT) Abidjan Cte dIvoire LARIS SFR MATHSTIC Universit dAngers Angers France

Data compression plays a key role in optimizing the use of memory storage space and also reducing latency in data transmission. In this paper, we are interested in lossless compression techniques because their performance is exploited with lossy compression techniques for images and videos generally using a mixed approach. To achieve our intended objective, which is to study the performance of lossless compression methods, we first carried out a literature review, a summary of which enabled us to select the most relevant, namely the following: arithmetic coding, LZW, Tunstall’s algorithm, RLE, BWT, Huffman coding and Shannon-Fano. Secondly, we designed a purposive text dataset with a repeating pattern in order to test the behavior and effectiveness of the selected compression techniques. Thirdly, we designed the compression algorithms and developed the programs (scripts) in Matlab in order to test their performance. Finally, following the tests conducted on relevant data that we constructed according to a deliberate model, the results show that these methods presented in order of performance are very satisfactory:- LZW- Arithmetic coding- Tunstall algorithm- BWT + RLELikewise, it appears that on the one hand, the performance of certain techniques relative to others is strongly linked to the sequencing and/or recurrence of symbols that make up the message, and on the other hand, to the cumulative time of encoding and decoding.

关键词： Arithmetic Coding BWT Compression Ratio Comparative Study Compression techniques Shannon-Fano Huffman Lossless Compression LZW Performance Redundancy RLE Text Data Tunstall

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Morphological characterization and habitat suitability modeling of the goat population of Benin under climate change scenarios

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 631-653页

作者： Habib Rainier Vihotogbe Whannou Cossi Ulriche Afatondji Côme Agossa Linsoussi Gnimansou Abraham Favi Thanh Thi Nguyen Marcel Romuald Benjamin Houinato Luc Hippolyte Dossa Ecole des sciences et techniques de Production Animale Facultédes Sci-ences AgronomiquesUniversitéd’Abomey-CalaviAbomey-CalaviBénin Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée Facultédes Sciences AgronomiquesUni-versitéd’Abomey-CalaviAbomey-CalaviBénin Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale Facultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéd’Abomey-CalaviAbomey-CalaviBénin Organic Plant Production and Agroecosys-tems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics Organic Agricultural SciencesUniversity of KasselWitzenhausenGermany.

Background:Insufficient knowledge of the genetic and phenotypic diversity in the local Beninese goat population combined with the lack of understanding of its adaptive capacity to ongoing environmental and societal changes hampers the development of strategies for better management and genetic *** objective of this study was to establish the current geographical distribution of goats in Benin based on their morphology and model the potential habitat suitability of the three known main goat phenotypes(i.e.,Djallonkégoat or TypeⅠ,Sahelian goat or TypeⅡ,and their Crossbreeds or TypeⅢ)under climate change *** qualitative and 26 linear body measurements were taken on 2114 adult female goats sampled across the three vegetation zones of the *** ratios were generated from the quantitative *** data were analyzed using generalized linear model procedures followed by multiple comparisons of least-squares means and multivariate analytical methods,including canonical discrimination analysis and hierarchical ascendant *** goat was then assigned to one of the three aforementioned main goat phenotypes following its morphological characteristics and according to the a priori cluster membership defined in the previous *** Maximum Entropy algorithm was used to model the current and future distribution of the three goat phenotypes under climate change scenario using the Representative Conservation Pathways 4.5 and ***:All linear body measurements varied among vegetation *** the discriminant function analysis,71%of the measured individuals were correctly classified in their vegetation zone of origin by seven measured variables and three *** cluster procedure analysis revealed two groups of goats subdivided into the three main *** modeling results showed that the currently highly favorable habitats were distributed in the South for TypeⅠ,in the North for TypeⅡ,and both South and North for Type

关键词： Capra hircus Climate change Ecological niche modeling Farm animal species MaxEnt model Morphology

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The Essential Oil of Ocimum americanum from Senegal and Gambia as a Source of Methyleugenol for the Control of Bactrocera dorsalis, Fruit Fly

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 133-141页

作者： Yoro Tine Antonio Alain Coffi Sinzogan Ousmane Ndiaye Cebastiana Sambou Alioune Diallo Ismaila Mbenga Kemo Badji El Hadji Omar Dieng Assa Balayara Jeanne Diatta Cheikhouna Gaye Julien Paolini Jean Costa Alassane Wele Saliou Ngom Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie et Odontologie Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal faculte des sciences Agronomiques Universite d’Abomey Calavi Cotonou Benin Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agriculture (ENSA) Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès Thiès Sénégal Direction de la Protection des Végétaux Rufisque Sénégal Laboratoire de Chimie des Produits Naturels Université de Corse Corte France National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) Sere Kunda Gambia Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA) Dakar Sénégal

The fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most important pests in all mango-producing areas, particularly in West Africa. In Senegal, O. americanum leaves have been used for several years to control this fly. However, to our knowledge, no chemical studies have been carried out. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of O. americanum leaves collected in Senegal and Gambia. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of these leaves is analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. Yields of essential oils from O. americanum leaves are 3.84% and 2.13%, respectively. Analysis of these essential oils by GC/FID and GC/MS allowed the identification of 23 compounds representing almost 100% of the total compositions. These essential oils are mainly dominated by methyleugenol (72.0% and 75.8%, respectively). Other components in significant percent are trans-β-caryophyllene (13.9% and 13.0%, respectively), germacrene D (4.1% and 3.7%, respectively), β-elemene (3.3% and 0.9%, respectively). Due to the high methyleugenol content, this study explains the attractive potential of O. americanum towards B. dorsalis. In perspective, we plan to evaluate the attractive effect of the essential oil and leaf powder of O. americanum against B. dorsalis, a real pest of mango orchards in Senegal.

关键词： Ocimum americanum Essential Oils Methyleugenol Bactrocera dorsalis GC/MS

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