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Allelic reprogramming of chromatin states in human early embryos

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 58-71页

作者： Shenli Yuan Lei Gao Wenrong Tao Jianhong Zhan Gang Lu Jingye Zhang Chuanxin Zhang Lizhi Yi Zhenbo Liu Zhenzhen Hou Min Dai Han Zhao Zi-Jiang Chen Jiang Liu Keliang Wu center for Reproductive Medicine Shandong University CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development Beijing Institute of Genomicsand China National Center for BioinformationChinese Academy of Sciences university of Chinese Academy of Sciences CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education Shandong University center for Reproductive Medicine Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University CAS center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The reprogramming of parental epigenomes in human early embryos remains elusive. To what extent the characteristics of parental epigenomes are conserved between humans and mice is currently unknown. Here,we mapped parental haploid epigenomes using human parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryos. Human embryos have a larger portion of genome with parentally specific epigenetic states than mouse *** allelic patterns of epigenetic states for orthologous regions are not conserved between humans and mice. Nevertheless, it is conserved that maternal DNA methylation and paternal H3K27me3 are associated with the repression of two alleles in humans and mice. In addition, for DNA-methylation-dependent imprinting, we report 19 novel imprinted genes and their associated germline differentially methylated regions. Unlike in mice, H3K27me3-dependent imprinting is not observed in human early ***, allele-specific epigenomic reprogramming is different in humans and mice.

关键词： human embryo epigenetics reprogramming DNA methylation H3K27me3 chromatin accessibility

Learning topological defects formation with neural networks in a quantum phase transition

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第5期76卷 68-76页

作者： Han-Qing Shi Hai-Qing Zhang center for Gravitational Physics Department of Space ScienceBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Peng Huanwu Collaborative center for Research and Education Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Neural networks possess formidable representational power,rendering them invaluable in solving complex quantum many-body *** they excel at analyzing static solutions,nonequilibrium processes,including critical dynamics during a quantum phase transition,pose a greater challenge for neural *** address this,we utilize neural networks and machine learning algorithms to investigate time evolutions,universal statistics,and correlations of topological defects in a one-dimensional transverse-field quantum Ising ***,our analysis involves computing the energy of the system during a quantum phase transition following a linear quench of the transverse magnetic field *** excitation energies satisfy a power-law relation to the quench rate,indicating a proportional relationship between the excitation energy and the kink ***,we establish a universal power-law relationship between the first three cumulants of the kink numbers and the quench rate,indicating a binomial distribution of the ***,the normalized kink-kink correlations are also investigated and it is found that the numerical values are consistent with the analytic formula.

关键词： neural networks machine learning transverse-field quantum Ising model kibble-zurek mechanism

A phase separation-fortified bi-specific adaptor for conditional tumor killing

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1385-1397页

作者： Yuyan Liu Yuting Zhu Weifan Xu Pilong Li State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureTsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

A common approach in therapeutic protein development involves employing synthetic ligands with multivalency,enabling sophisticated control of signal *** the emerging concept of liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)and its ability to organize cell surface receptors into functional compartments,we herein have designed modular ligands with phase-separation modalities to engineer programmable interreceptor communications and precise control of signal pathways,thus inducing the rapid,potent,and specific apoptosis of tumor *** their simplicity,these“triggers”,named phase-separated Tumor Killers(hereafter referred to as psTK),are sufficient to yield interreceptor clustering of death receptors(represented by DR5)and tumor-associated receptors,with notable features:LLPSmediated robust high-order organization,well-choreographed conditional activation,and broad-spectrum capacity to potently induce apoptosis in tumor *** development of novel therapeutic proteins with phase-separation modalities showcases the power of spatially reorganizing signal *** approach facilitates the diversification of cell fate and holds promising potential for targeted therapies against challenging tumors.

关键词： phase separation therapeutic proteins receptor-ligand interactions DR5 tumor apoptosis

Dynamic manipulation of multimodal emission in Er^(3+)-activated non-core-shell structure for optical thermometry and information security

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1702-1712页

作者： Xuan Liu Zi-Xia Lin Yin-Biao Shi Xiao-Yan Wang Ming-Ye Ding Xiao-Fei Yang College of Science Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Testing center Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China

Regulating luminescent dynamics of lanthanide-based luminescent materials via external stimuli is of great significance in the fields of optical thermometry and high-level ***,it is still a huge challenge to realize multimodal emissions with tunable color outputs from a single activator in simple structures via smart dynamic control of photon transition ***,we present a mechanistic strategy to achieve multimodal luminescence of Er^(3+)activators with color-switchable outputs in a non-core-shell *** the control of excitation dynamics(λ_(ex)=980,808,1532,377 nm),the population among the intermediate en ergy levels of Er^(3+)and the interaction between Er^(3+)and Yb^(3+)could be precisely modulated through energy transfer and migration processes,leading to the generation of colortunable multimodal luminescence upon diverse excitation modes(non-steady-state,single-/dual-wavelength steady,thermal activation).Inspired by its special luminescent performance,the as-obtained material exhibits great potential in noncontact thermometry,multimodal anticounterfeiting,and high-capacity information encryption by performing a series of proof-of-concept *** findings might provide a conceptual model to modulate the luminescent dynamics in a simple-structured system for the generation of color-adjustable multimodal emissions,which is convenient for the development of advanced luminescent materials toward versatile cuttingedge applications.

关键词： Lanthanide ions Multimodal emission Upconversion Downshifting Anti-counterfeiting Luminescent thermometry

CATCAM: a 28 nm constant-time alteration TCAM enabling less than 50 ns update latency

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 345-346页

作者： Chenchen DENG Tianzhu XIONG Zhaoshi LI Zhiwei LIU Yao WANG Jianfeng ZHU Jun YANG Shaojun WEI Leibo LIU Beijing National Research center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University National ASIC System Engineering center School of Integrated CircuitsSoutheast University School of Integrated Circuits Tsinghua University

Ternary content-addressable memory(TCAM) is an indispensable component of lookup tables in switches or ***, it suffers from expensive and inflexible update operations and cannot fulfill the demand for rule updates in switches enabling software-defined networking(SDN). The main reason is that TCAM stores rules from top to bottom in decreasing order of priority for disambiguation. Updating a TCAM is similar to the insertion sort that takes O(n) time,

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Regulating Anderson localization with structural defect disorder

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第10期33卷 102-107页

作者： Mouyang Cheng Haoxiang Chen Ji Chen School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research center for Light-Element Advanced Materials Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Frontiers Science center for Nano-Optoelectronics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Collaborative Innovation center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100871China

Localization due to disorder has been one of the most intriguing theoretical concepts that evolved in condensed matter ***,we expand the theory of localization by considering two types of disorders at the same time,namely,the original Anderson’s disorder and the structural defect disorder,which has been suggested to be a key component in recently discovered two-dimensional amorphous *** increasing the degree of both disorders could induce localization of wavefunction in real space,we find that a small degree of structural defect disorder can significantly enhance the *** the degree of structural defect disorder increases,localized states quickly appear within the extended phase to enter a broad crossover region with mixed *** establish two-dimensional diagrams for the wavefunction localization and conductivity to highlight the interplay between the two types of *** theoretical model provides a comprehensive understanding of localization in two-dimensional amorphous materials and highlights the promising tunability of their transport properties.

关键词： Anderson localization structural defect disorder electronic transport properties

Translating Pathological Brain Activity Primers in Parkinson’s Disease Research

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 735-752页

作者： Daniela Mirzac Svenja L.Kreis Heiko J.Luhmann Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla Sergiu Groppa Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation Department of NeurologyFocus Program Translational NeuroscienceRhine Main Neuroscience NetworkUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55131 MainzGermany Institute of Physiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55131 MainzGermany

Translational experimental approaches that help us better trace Parkinson’s disease(PD)pathophysiological mechanisms leading to new therapeutic targets are urgently *** this article,we review recent experimental and clinical studies addressing abnormal neuronal activity and pathological network oscillations,as well as their underlying mechanisms and *** aim is to enhance our knowledge about the progression of Parkinson's disease pathology and the timing of its symptom’s ***,we present mechanistic insights relevant for the generation of aberrant oscillatory activity within the cortico-basal ganglia *** summarize recent achievements extrapolated from available PD animal models,discuss their advantages and limitations,debate on their differential applicability,and suggest approaches for transferring knowledge on disease pathology into future research and clinical applications.

关键词： clinical knowledge insight

Formation of ZnSe magic-size clusters displaying optical absorption doublets from prenucleation clusters

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6741-6748页

作者： Dingyu Zhao Shasha Wang Jiawei Xue Chunchun Zhang Shanling Wang Xiaoqin Chen Chaoran Luan Kui Yu Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Engineering Research center in Biomaterials Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Analytical&Testing center Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

The formation pathway of colloidal semiconductor ZnSe magic-size clusters(MSCs)in a reaction that display an optical absorption doublet remains poorly *** reaction of Zn(OAc)_(2)/OLA(made from zinc acetate and oleylamine)and tri-noctylphosphine selenide(SeTOP)in OLA in the presence of diphenylphosphine(HPPh_(2))is studied,in which dMSC-345 displays a doublet peaking at 328/345 *** suggest that the development is from the clusters that form in the initial prenucleation stage of the *** clusters are the precursor compound(PC-299)of MSC-299(displaying an absorption singlet peaking at 299 nm).PC-299 transforms to PC-345 at a later *** presence of alcohol(such as methanol or ethylene glycol)promotes another pathway,which is the PC-299 to PC-320 ***-320 transforms to dMSC-320(with a doublet at 305/320 nm),followed by dMSC-345 via *** present study provides additional evidence that clusters(PC-299)form and transform(such as to dMSC-345 via PC-345)in the prenucleation stage of ZnSe quantum dots(QDs).

关键词： magic-size cluster(MSC) prenucleation cluster precursor compound(PC) quantum dot(QD) zinc selenide(ZnSe)

In-situ analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectra for online monitoring of femtosecond laser machining of sapphire

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 73-82页

作者： SHANGGUAN ShiYong ZHANG JianGuo LI ZhanZhu SHI Wei WANG WenKe QI DongFeng ZHENG HongYu center for Advanced Laser Manufacturing(CALM) Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255000China

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)is widely used for elemental ***,its application for monitoring and analyzing a laser machining process by examining the changes in spectral information warrants further *** this study,we investigate the effect of laser parameters on the spectra,variations in the time-resolved plasma emission spectra,and the relationship between the morphology of craters and plasma plume evolution during the femtosecond(fs)laser ablation of *** Boltzmann plot method and Stark’s broadening model are employed to estimate the temporal temperature and electron density of the plasma plume,revealing the process of plasma *** study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of LIBS for online monitoring of laser processing through experimental data and theoretical explanations.

关键词： laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy plasma plume online monitoring sapphire