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Photonic neuromorphic architecture for tens-of-task lifelong learning

Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 519-530页

作者： Yuan Cheng Jianing Zhang Tiankuang Zhou Yuyan Wang Zhihao Xu Xiaoyun Yuan Lu fang Sigma Laboratory Department of Electronic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing National research center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist) Beijing 100084China Institute for brain and Cognitive Science Tsinghua University(THUIBCS)Beijing 100084China

Scalable,high-capacity,and low-power computing architecture is the primary assurance for increasingly manifold and large-scale machine learning *** electronic artificial agents by conventional power-hungry processors have faced the issues of energy and scaling walls,hindering them from the sustainable performance improvement and iterative multi-task *** to another modality of light,photonic computing has been progressively applied in high-efficient neuromorphic ***,we innovate a reconfigurable lifelong-learning optical neural network(L2 ONN),for highly-integrated tens-of-task machine intelligence with elaborated algorithm-hardware *** from the inherent sparsity and parallelism in massive photonic connections,L2 ONN learns each single task by adaptively activating sparse photonic neuron connections in the coherent light field,while incrementally acquiring expertise on various tasks by gradually enlarging the *** multi-task optical features are parallelly processed by multi-spectrum representations allocated with different *** evaluations on freespace and on-chip architectures confirm that for the first time,L2 ONN avoided the catastrophic forgetting issue of photonic computing,owning versatile skills on challenging tens-of-tasks(vision classification,voice recognition,medical diagnosis,etc.)with a single ***,L2 ONN achieves more than an order of magnitude higher efficiency than the representative electronic artificial neural networks,and 14×larger capacity than existing optical neural networks while maintaining competitive performance on each individual *** proposed photonic neuromorphic architecture points out a new form of lifelong learning scheme,permitting terminal/edge AI systems with light-speed efficiency and unprecedented scalability.

关键词： life neural versatile

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mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in skin wound healing:roles,opportunities and challenges

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military medical research 2024年第3期11卷 400-429页

作者： Jia-Yi Ding min-Jiang Chen Ling-feng Wu Gao-feng Shu Shi-Ji fang Zhao-Yu Li Xu-Ran Chu Xiao-Kun Li Zhou-Guang Wang Jian-Song Ji Key Laboratory of imaging Diagnosis and minimally Invasive Intervention research Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Researchthe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiangLishui 323000China Oujiang Laboratory(Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative medicine Vision and Brain Health)School of Pharmaceutical ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035ZhejiangChina Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital School of MedicineLishui UniversityLishui 323000ZhejiangChina Department of Overseas Education College Jimei UniversityXiamen 361021FujianChina Department of medicine Ⅱ Internal MedicineCardio-Pulmonary Institute(CPI)Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center(UGMLC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL)Justus-Liebig University Giessen35392 GiessenGermany Pulmonary and Critical Care Department of Medicine VInternal MedicineInfectious Diseases and Infection ControlUniversities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center(UGMLC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL)Justus-Liebig University Giessen35392 GiessenGermany

Skin wounds are characterized by injury to the skin due to trauma,tearing,cuts,or *** such injuries are common to all human groups,they may at times represent a serious socioeconomic ***,increasing numbers of studies have focused on the role of mesenchymal stem cell(mSC)-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs)in skin wound *** a cell-free therapy,mSC-derived EVs have shown significant application potential in the field of wound repair as a more stable and safer option than conventional cell *** based on mSC-derived EVs can significantly promote the repair of damaged substructures,including the regeneration of vessels,nerves,and hair *** addition,mSC-derived EVs can inhibit scar formation by affecting angiogenesis-related and antifibrotic pathways in promoting macrophage polarization,wound angiogenesis,cell proliferation,and cell migration,and by inhibiting excessive extracellular matrix ***,these structures can serve as a scaffold for components used in wound repair,and they can be developed into bioengineered EVs to support trauma *** the formulation of standardized culture,isolation,purification,and drug delivery strategies,exploration of the detailed mechanism of EVs will allow them to be used as clinical treatments for wound *** conclusion,mSCderived EV-based therapies have important application prospects in wound *** we provide a comprehensive overview of their current status,application potential,and associated drawbacks.

关键词： mesenchymal stem cell(mSC) Extracellular vesicles(EVs) Wound repair Engineered nanoparticles

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Dopamine Switches Affective States Under Acute Sleep Deprivation

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第8期40卷 1205-1208页

作者： Zhou-Cai Luo Tian-ming Gao State Key Laboratory of Organ failure research Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of EducationGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired IntelligenceGuangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric DisordersGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric DisordersGuangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi DiseasesDepartment of NeurobiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China

The transition of affective states manifests affective regulation,wherein individuals adaptively adjust their emotional states to cope with changes in the external environment,reflecting their sensitivity and adaptability to environmental *** process of affective state transition is complex,involving both instantaneous and persistent changes influenced by environmental,behavioral,and pharmacological *** underlying neural mechanisms encompass alterations in neurotransmitter release,neural circuit activity,and the plasticity of brain structures[1].

关键词： alterations Dopamine neural

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An end‐to‐end infant brain parcellation pipeline

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Intelligent medicine 2024年第2期4卷 65-74页

作者： Limei Wang Yue Sun Weili Lin Gang Li Li Wang Department of Radiology and Biomedical research imaging center UNC-Chapel HillNew Caledonia27599USA

Objective Accurate infant brain parcellation is crucial for understanding early brain development;however,it is challenging due to the inherent low tissue contrast,high noise,and severe partial volume effects in infant magnetic resonance images(mRIs).The aim of this study was to develop an end-to-end pipeline that enabled accurate parcellation of infant brain *** We proposed an end-to-end pipeline that employs a two-stage global-to-local approach for accurate parcellation of infant brain ***,in the global regions of interest(ROIs)localization stage,a combination of transformer and convolution operations was employed to capture both global spatial features and fine texture features,enabling an approximate localization of the ROIs across the whole *** the local ROIs refinement stage,leveraging the position priors from the first stage along with the raw mRIs,the boundaries of the ROIs are refined for a more accurate *** We utilized the Dice ratio to evaluate the accuracy of parcellation *** on 263 subjects from National Database for Autism research(NDAR),Baby Connectome Project(BCP)and Cross-site datasets demonstrated the better accuracy and robustness of our method than other competing *** Our end-to-end pipeline may be capable of accurately parcellating 6-month-old infant brain mRIs.

关键词： Infant brain parcellation Isointense magnetic resonance image Convolutional neural networks Transformer

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fasudil-modified macrophages reduce inflammation and regulate the immune response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第3期19卷 671-679页

作者： Chunyun Liu Shangde Guo Rong Liu minfang Guo Qing Wang Zhi Chai Baoguo Xiao Cungen ma Institute of brain Science Shanxi Datong UniversityDatongShanxi ProvinceChina The Key research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Cireulation method to Treat multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese medicine/research center of Neurobiology Shanxi University of Chinese MedicineTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina Institute of Neurology Huashan HospitalInstitutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina

multiple sclerosis is characterized by demyelination and neuronal loss caused by inflammatory cell activation and infiltration into the central nervous *** polarization plays an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,a traditional experimental model of multiple *** study investigated the effect of fasudil on macrophages and examined the therapeutic potential of fasudil-modified macrophages in experimental autoimmune *** found that fasudil induced the conversion of macrophages from the pro-inflammatory m1 type to the anti-inflammatory m2 type,as shown by reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide,interleukin-12,and CD16/32 and increased expression of arginase-1,interleukin-10,CD14,and CD206,which was linked to inhibition of Rho kinase activity,decreased expression of toll-like receptors,nuclear factor-κB,and components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway,and generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,and ***,fasudil-modified macrophages effectively decreased the impact of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,resulting in later onset of disease,lower symptom scores,less weight loss,and reduced demyelination compared with unmodified *** addition,fasudil-modified macrophages decreased interleukin-17 expression on CD4^(+)T cells and CD16/32,inducible nitric oxide synthase,and interleukin-12 expression on f4/80^(+)macrophages,as well as increasing interleukin-10 expression on CD4^(+)T cells and arginase-1,CD206,and interleukin-10 expression on f4/80^(+)macrophages,which improved immune regulation and reduced *** findings suggest that fasudil-modified macrophages may help treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inducing m2 macrophage polarization and inhibiting the inflammatory response,thereby providing new insight into cell immunotherapy for m

关键词： anti-inflammatory experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis fasudil macrophage multiple sclerosis pro-inflammatory Rho kinase

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Azocalixarenes: a scaffold of universal excipients with high efficiency

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1697-1706页

作者： Yu-Xin Yue Yi-Lin Lin meng-meng Chen Han-Wen Tian Rong ma Ze-Han Wang fang-Yuan Chen Yu-Chen Pan Dong-Sheng Guo College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials(Ministry of Education)Frontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin)Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Excipients are important components of pharmaceutical preparations that affect their quality, safety, and efficacy. macrocyclic receptors are a family of supramolecular excipients with several advantages, including molecular-level protection, small sizes,fast kinetics of host-guest recognition, and modular construction. With the continuous advances in the medical field, personalized and precision medicine requires the development of excipients with low dosages, integrated modifying effects, universality,and controlled release. To meet these requirements, we have developed a new family of macrocyclic excipients based on calixarenes by integrating their covalent(broad chemical design space) and noncovalent(wide range of substrates) ***, azocalixarenes(Azo CAs) were designed, showing high binding affinities to a broad spectrum of active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs), selectivity to interferents, and responsiveness to hypoxic microenvironments. Due to their highly efficient and controllable recognition, Azo CAs serve as low-dose excipients for 30 APIs. molecular encapsulation by Azo CAs results in the integrated modification of the physicochemical properties of APIs, including solubility, stability, bioavailability,and biocompatibility. moreover, Azo CAs can be reduced by azoreductases overexpressed in hypoxic microenvironments,leading to the controlled release of APIs. Collectively, Azo CA excipients have broad application prospects for a series of diseases such as enteritis, arthritis, stroke, cancer, bacterial infection and kidney injury, with diverse therapeutic modalities,including chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, immunotherapy, boron neutron capture therapy, radiotherapy, fluorescence imaging, and their combinations.

关键词： supramolecular chemistry host-guest systems excipient calixarene molecular recognition

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Association of DNA methylation/demethylation with the functional outcome of stroke in a hyperinflammatory state

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第10期19卷 2229-2239页

作者： Yubo Wang Ling Zhang Tianjie Lyu Lu Cui Shunying Zhao Xuechun Wang meng Wang Yongjun Wang Zixiao Li Vascular Neurology Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical research center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina National center for Healthcare Quality management in Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Chinese Institute for brain research BeijingChina research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Engineering research center of Digital Healthcare for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina

Inflammation is closely related to stroke prognosis, and high inflammation status leads to poor functional outcome in stroke. DNA methylation is involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of stroke. However, the effect of DNA methylation on stroke at high levels of inflammation is unclear. In this study, we constructed a hyperinflammatory cerebral ischemia mouse model and investigated the effect of hypomethylation and hypermethylation on the functional outcome. We constructed a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and treated the mice with lipopolysaccharide to induce a hyperinflammatory state. To investigate the effect of DNA methylation on stroke, we used small molecule inhibitors to restrain the function of key DNA methylation and demethylation enzymes. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, neurological function scores, neurobehavioral tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blot assay were used to evaluate the effects after stroke in mice. We assessed changes in the global methylation status by measuring DNA 5-mc and DNA 5-hmc levels in peripheral blood after the use of the inhibitor. In the group treated with the DNA methylation inhibitor, brain tissue 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining showed an increase in infarct volume, which was accompanied by a decrease in neurological scores and worsening of neurobehavioral performance. The levels of inflammatory factors interleukin 6 and interleukin-1 beta in ischemic brain tissue and plasma were elevated, indicating increased inflammation. Related inflammatory pathway exploration showed significant overactivation of nuclear factor kappa B. These results suggested that inhibiting DNA methylation led to poor functional outcome in mice with high inflammation following stroke. further, the effects were reversed by inhibition of DNA demethylation. Our findings suggest that DNA methylation regulates the inflammatory response in stroke

关键词： DNA demethylation DNA methylation DNmT3A functional outcome hyperinflammatory state interleukin neuroinflammation stroke TET2

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RUfY4 deletion prevents pathological bone loss by blocking endo-lysosomal trafficking of osteoclasts

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Bone research 2024年第2期12卷 407-420页

作者： minhee Kim Jin Hee Park miyeon Go Nawon Lee Jeongin Seo Hana Lee Doyong Kim Hyunil Ha Taesoo Kim myeong Seon Jeong Suree Kim Taesoo Kim Han Sung Kim Dongmin Kang Hyunbo Shim Soo Young Lee Department of Life Science Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760South Korea The research center for Cellular Homeostasis Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760South Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Yonsei UniversityWonju 26493South Korea Km Convergence research Division Korea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeon 34054South Korea Chuncheon center Korea Basic Science InstituteChuncheon 24341South Korea fluorescence Core imaging center and Bioimaging Data Curation center Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760South Korea multitasking macrophage research center Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760South Korea

mature osteoclasts degrade bone matrix by exocytosis of active proteases from secretory lysosomes through a ruffled ***,the molecular mechanisms underlying lysosomal trafficking and secretion in osteoclasts remain largely ***,we show with GeneChip analysis that RUN and fYVE domain-containing protein 4(RUfY4)is strongly upregulated during *** lacking Rufy4 exhibited a high trabecular bone mass phenotype with abnormalities in osteoclast function in ***,deleting Rufy4 did not affect osteoclast differentiation,but inhibited bone-resorbing activity due to disruption in the acidic maturation of secondary lysosomes,their trafficking to the membrane,and their secretion of cathepsin K into the extracellular ***,RUfY4 promotes late endosome-lysosome fusion by acting as an adaptor protein between Rab7 on late endosomes and LAmP2 on primary ***,Rufy4-deficient mice were highly protected from lipopolysaccharide-and ovariectomy-induced bone ***,RUfY4 plays as a new regulator in osteoclast activity by mediating endo-lysosomal trafficking and have a potential to be specific target for therapies against bone-loss diseases such as osteoporosis.

关键词： osteoclast inhibited traffic

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A Novel Retrograde AAV Variant for functional manipulation of Cortical Projection Neurons in mice and monkeys

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第1期40卷 90-102页

作者： Yefei Chen Jingyi Wang Jing Liu Jianbang Lin Yunping Lin Jinyao Nie Qi Yue Chunshan Deng Xiaofei Qi Yuantao Li Ji Dai Zhonghua Lu Department of Anesthesiology Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalThe First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen 518027China Shenzhen Technological research center for Primate Translational medicine Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural DevelopmentShenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CAS Key Laboratory of brain Connectome and manipulation the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of brain Connectome and Behavior the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Biomedical research Institute Hubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000China faculty of Life and Health Sciences Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China

Retrograde adeno-associated viruses(AAVs)are capable of infecting the axons of projection neurons and serve as a powerful tool for the anatomical and functional characterization of neural ***,few retro-grade AAV capsids have been shown to offer access to cor-tical projection neurons across different species and enable the manipulation of neural function in non-human primates(NHPs).Here,we report the development of a novel retro-grade AAV capsid,AAV-DJ8R,which efficiently labeled cortical projection neurons after local administration into the striatum of mice and *** addition,intrastriatally injected AAV-DJ8R mediated opsin expression in the mouse motor cortex and induced robust behavioral ***,AAV-DJ8R markedly increased motor cortical neuron firing upon optogenetic light stimulation after viral delivery into the macaque *** data demonstrate the usefulness of AAV-DJ8R as an efficient retrograde tracer for cortical projection neurons in rodents and NHPs and indicate its suitability for use in conducting functional interrogations.

关键词： Retrograde AAV Capsid variant Cortical projection neuron Optogenetics monkey

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multimodal fusion of brain imaging Data: methods and Applications

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machine Intelligence research 2024年第1期21卷 136-152页

作者： Na Luo Weiyang Shi Zhengyi Yang ming Song Tianzi Jiang brainnetome center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China center for Excellence in brain Science and Intelligence Technology Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China research center for Augmented Intelligence Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China

Neuroimaging data typically include multiple modalities,such as structural or functional magnetic resonance imaging,dif-fusion tensor imaging,and positron emission tomography,which provide multiple views for observing and analyzing the *** lever-age the complementary representations of different modalities,multimodal fusion is consequently needed to dig out both inter-modality and intra-modality *** the exploited rich information,it is becoming popular to combine multiple modality data to ex-plore the structural and functional characteristics of the brain in both health and disease *** this paper,we first review a wide spectrum of advanced machine learning methodologies for fusing multimodal brain imaging data,broadly categorized into unsupervised and supervised learning *** by this,some representative applications are discussed,including how they help to under-stand the brain arealization,how they improve the prediction of behavioral phenotypes and brain aging,and how they accelerate the biomarker exploration of brain ***,we discuss some exciting emerging trends and important future ***,we intend to offer a comprehensive overview of brain imaging fusion methods and their successful applications,along with the chal-lenges imposed by multi-scale and big data,which arises an urgent demand on developing new models and platforms.

关键词： multimodal fusion supervised learning unsupervised learning brain atlas cognition brain disorders

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