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Selenium nanoparticles in aquaculture: Unique advantages in the production of Se-enriched grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 189-201页

作者： Chao Zhu Zifang Wu Qimin Liu Xiaolin Wang Lijuan Zheng Shuyang He fangxia Yang Hong Ji Wuzi Dong College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife Northwest A&F University College of forestry Northwest A&F University

The production of selenium-enriched fish can contribute to alleviating selenium deficiency in human diets. However, it is still unclear which selenium source, as an additive, can efficiently and costeffectively produce high-quality selenium-enriched fish. This study evaluated the effects of selenium nanoparticles（SeNP）, selenite, and selenomethionine（SeMet） on the growth, antioxidant capacity, selenium content, selenium speciation, and meat quality of grass carp. Ten diets were prepared, including a basal diet（BD） and three concentrations（0.1, 0.3, and 0.9 mg/kg） of SeNP, selenite, and SeMet. A total of600 fish（250.79 ± 1.57 g） were randomly assigned to 30 tanks（3 tanks/group）. fish were fed the experimental diet three times daily for 60 d. In this study, SeNP most significantly promoted the growth and antioxidant capacity of grass carp, with 0.3 mg/kg SeNP identified as the optimal additive concentration. Additionally, SeNP demonstrated equally excellent bioavailability as SeMet and significantly increased the content of SeMet in grass carp（Ctenopharyngodon idella） muscle. furthermore, compared to SeMet and selenite, dietary SeNP could more significantly enhance the content of selenocysteine（SeCys2） and methylselenocysteine（MeSeCys） in grass carp muscle tissue. In addition, we have demonstrated that SeCys2and MeSeCys promote apoptosis of cancer cells（HeLa） through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway（involving Bax and Bcl-2）. furthermore, as an additive, 0.3 mg/kg SeNP significantly improved the flesh quality of grass carp by reducing crude fat and heavy metal content, as well as increasing the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid（EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid（DHA） and the ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid（PUfA）. In summary, SeNP is the most suitable additive for producing selenium-enriched fish.

关键词： Selenium nanoparticle Speciation analysis Grass carp Selenium additive

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Dietary fat and carbohydrate-balancing the lactation performance and methane emissions in the dairy cow industry: A meta-analysis

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 347-357页

作者： Chenguang Zhang Xingwei Jiang Shengru Wu Jun Zhang Yue Wang Zongjun Li Junhu Yao College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University

for the agroecosystems of the dairy cow industry, dietary carbohydrate（starch, neutral detergent fiber[NDf]） and fat could directly affect rumen methane emissions and host energy utilization. However, the relationships among diet, lactation performance, and methane emissions need to be further determined to assist dairy farms to adjust diet formulations and feeding strategies for environmental and production management. A meta-analysis was conducted in the current study to explore quantitative patterns of dietary fat and carbohydrate at different levels in balancing lactation performance and environment sustainability of dairy cows, and to establish a methane emission prediction model using the artificial neural network（ANN）model. The results showed that the regression relationship between dietary fat, carbohydrate and methane emissions could be shown by the following models: methane = 106.78 +（14.86 × DMI）, R2= 0.80;methane = 443.17-（46.41 × starch/NDf）, R2= 0.76; and methane = 388.91 +（31.40 × fat）-（5.42 × fat2）,R2= 0.80. The regression relationships between dietary fat, carbohydrate and lactation performance could be shown by the following models: milk fat yield = 1.08 +（0.43 × starch/NDf）-[0.34 ×（starch/NDf）2],R2= 0.79; milk protein yield = 0.68 +（0.15 × fat）-（0.016 × fat2）, R2= 0.82. In the structural equation model, we found that when formulating dietary carbohydrates and fats, it was necessary to balance the relationship between methane emissions and lactation performance. Specifically, dietary starch/NDf was lower than 0.63（extremum point） and dietary fat was between 2.89% and 4.69%（extremum point）, it could ensure that the aim of methane emission reduction（methane emissions decrease with increasing dietary starch/NDf and fat） was achieved without losing lactation performance of dairy cows（lactation performance increase with increasing dietary starch/NDf and fat）. finally, we established the ANN model to predict methane emissions（training set: R2= 0.62; vali

关键词： Dietary fat and carbohydrate Environment sustainability Lactation performance Dairy cow Meta-analysis

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A simulation study for a cost-effective PET-like detector system intended to track particles in granular assemblies

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 117-125页

作者： Josephine Oppotsch Antonios Athanassiadis Miriam fritsch fritz-Herbert Heinsius Thomas Held Nikoline Hilse Viktor Scherer Matthias Steinke Ulrich Wiedner Ruhr-Universität Bochum Institut für Experimentalphysik I44801 BochumGermany Ruhr-Universität Bochum Lehrstuhl für Energieanlagen und Energieprozesstechnik44801 BochumGermany

Since many industrial applications rely on the processing of densely packed and moving granular ma-terial,obtaining bulk internal information on the particle movement inside the reactors is of great *** information can be delivered by Positron Emission Particle Tracking(PEPT).By marking pellets with a positron-emitting radioisotope,the position of these tracer particles can be determined via the time-of-flight differences of the emitted gamma-ray *** current paper proposes a PET-like detector system based on cost-effective organic plastic scintillators instead of the more common but expensive inorganic *** system is currently under construction and was tested for its resolution and efficiency in this simulation *** Monte Carlo simulations and the software toolkit Geant4,three different geometries(an empty glass box,a generic grate system,and a cubic box of 1 m3 completely filled with pellets)were investigated,leading to a spatial resolution in the millimeter range and an efficiency,defined as the ratio of reconstructed decay locations to simulated decays,of 2.7%,1.4%,and 0.3%.

关键词： Positron emission particle tracking Geant4 Monte Carlo method Time-of-flight Plastic scintillators Silicon photomultipliers(SiPMs)

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Improved Data Stream Clustering Method: Incorporating KD-Tree for Typicality and Eccentricity-Based Approach

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2557-2573页

作者： Dayu Xu Jiaming Lu Xuyao Zhang Hongtao Zhang College of Mathematics and Computer Science Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou311300China College of Economics and Management Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou311300China

Data stream clustering is integral to contemporary big data ***,addressing the ongoing influx of data streams efficiently and accurately remains a primary challenge in current *** paper aims to elevate the efficiency and precision of data stream clustering,leveraging the TEDA(Typicality and Eccentricity Data Analysis)algorithm as a foundation,we introduce improvements by integrating a nearest neighbor search algorithm to enhance both the efficiency and accuracy of the *** original TEDA algorithm,grounded in the concept of“Typicality and Eccentricity Data Analytics”,represents an evolving and recursive method that requires no prior *** the algorithm autonomously creates and merges clusters as new data arrives,its efficiency is significantly hindered by the need to traverse all existing clusters upon the arrival of further *** work presents the NS-TEDA(Neighbor Search Based Typicality and Eccentricity Data Analysis)algorithm by incorporating a KD-Tree(K-Dimensional Tree)algorithm integrated with the Scapegoat *** arrival,this ensures that new data points interact solely with clusters in very close *** significantly enhances algorithm efficiency while preventing a single data point from joining too many clusters and mitigating the merging of clusters with high overlap to some *** apply the NS-TEDA algorithm to several well-known datasets,comparing its performance with other data stream clustering algorithms and the original TEDA *** results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves higher accuracy,and its runtime exhibits almost linear dependence on the volume of data,making it more suitable for large-scale data stream analysis research.

关键词： Data stream clustering TEDA KD-tree scapegoat tree

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A simulation study on spatial and time resolution for a cost-effective positron emission particle tracking system

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 312-322页

作者： Josephine Oppotsch Matthias Steinke Miriam fritsch fritz-Herbert Heinsius Thomas Held Nikoline Hilse Viktor Scherer Ulrich Wiedner Ruhr-Universität Bochum Institut für Experimentalphysik I44801 BochumGermany Ruhr-Universität Bochum Lehrstuhl für Energieanlagen und Energieprozesstechnik44801 BochumGermany

This work is the second part of a simulation study investigating the processing of densely packed and moving granular assemblies by positron emission particle tracking (PEPT).Since medical positron emission tomography (PET) scanners commonly used for PEPT are very expensive,a PET-like detector system based on cost-effective organic plastic scintillator bars is being developed and tested for its *** this context,the spatial resolution of a resting positron source,a source moving on a freely designed model path,and a particle motion given by a discrete element method (DEM) simulation is studied using Monte Carlo simulations and the software toolkit *** not only extended the simulation and reconstruction to a moving source but also significantly improved the spatial resolution compared to previous work by adding oversampling and iteration to the reconstruction ***,in the case of a source following a trajectory developed from DEM simulations,a very good resolution of about 1 mm in all three directions and an average 3D deviation between simulated and reconstructed events of 2.3 mm could be ***,the resolution for realistic particle motion within the generic grate system (which is the test rig for further experimental studies) is well below the smallest particle *** simulation of the dependence of the reconstruction accuracy on tracer particle location revealed a nearly constant efficiency within the entire detector system,which demonstrates that boundary effects can be neglected.

关键词： Positron emission particle tracking Monte Carlo method Time-of-flight Plastic scintillators Silicon photomultipliers(SiPMs)

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Endoplasmic reticulum stress improved chicken tenderness,promoted apoptosis and autophagy during postmortem ageing

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food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2141-2151页

作者： Yuwei Chai Lin Chen Shuya Xiang Linxuan Wu Xuebo Liu Jun Luo Xianchao feng College of food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

In this study,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress inducer tunicamycin(TM)and inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid(4-PBA)were used to treat postmortem chicken breast muscle to investigate changes in tenderness and effects on apoptosis and autophagy during 5 days ***-induced ER stress reduced shear force,enhanced myofibril fragmentation index(MfI),disrupted myofibril structure,increased desmin degradation,and activatedμ-calpain and *** addition,TM-induced ER stress increased the expression of Bax,Bim,and cytochrome c,and decreased the expression of Bcl-x ***,TM-induced ER stress improved the conversion of LC3I to LC3II,raised the expression of Beclin-1,and decreased the expression of p62,PI3K,and m *** opposite results were observed after 4-PBA *** results suggested that ER stress could improve chicken tenderness,promote apoptosis and autophagy during chicken postmortem ageing.

关键词： Endoplasmic reticulum stress Tenderness Apoptosis Autophagy Chicken

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An approach for finding causal relations in environmental systems:with an application to understand drivers of a toxic algal bloom

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 108-119页

作者： Benny Selle Berliner Hochschule für Technik fachbereich Geowissenschaften Universit?t Tübingen

Background Discovering causality in environmental systems is challenging because frequently controlled experiments or numerical simulations are difficult. Algorithms to learn directed acyclic graphs from system data are powerful, but they often result in too many possible causal structures that cannot be properly *** An approach to this problem proposed here is to initially restrict the system to a target variable with its two major drivers. Subsequently, testable causal structures are obtained from rules to infer directed acyclic graphs and expert knowledge. The proposed approach, which is essentially based on correlation and regression, was applied to understand drivers of a toxic algal bloom in the Odra River in summer 2022. Through this application, useful insight on the interplay between river flow and salt inputs that likely caused the algal bloom was *** The Odra River example demonstrated that carefully applied correlation and regression techniques together with expert knowledge can help to discover reliable casual structures in environmental systems.

关键词： Causal effect Causal model Causal diagram Mediation analysis Directed acyclic graph Classification and regression trees

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Landscape ecological risk assessment and its driving factors in the Weihe River basin,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第5期16卷 603-614页

作者： CHANG Sen WEI Yaqi DAI Zhenzhong XU Wen WANG Xing DUAN Jiajia ZOU Liang ZHAO Guorong REN Xiaoying fENG Yongzhong College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Weihe River basin is of great significance to analyze the changes of land use pattern and landscape ecological risk and to improve the ecological basis of regional *** on land use data of the Weihe River basin in 2000,2010,and 2020,with the support of Aeronautical Reconnaissance Coverage Geographic Information System(ArcGIS),GeoDa,and other technologies,this study analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors of land use pattern and landscape ecological *** showed that land use structure of the Weihe River basin has changed significantly,with the decrease of cropland and the increase of forest land and construction *** the past 20 a,cropland has decreased by 7347.70 km2,and cropland was mainly converted into forest land,grassland,and construction *** fragmentation and dispersion of ecological landscape pattern in the Weihe River basin were improved,and land use pattern became more ***,landscape ecological risk of the Weihe River basin has been *** landscape ecological risk area decreased by 19,177.87 km2,high landscape ecological risk area decreased by 3904.35 km2,and moderate and low landscape ecological risk areas continued to *** is worth noting that landscape ecological risks in the upper reaches of the Weihe River basin are still relatively serious,especially in the contiguous areas of high ecological risk,such as Tianshui,Pingliang,Dingxi areas and some areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous *** ecological risk showed obvious spatial dependence,and high ecological risk area was *** the driving factors,population density,precipitation,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),and their interactions are the most important factors affecting the landscape ecological risk of the Weihe River *** findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the ecological dynamics in the Weihe River basin,providing crucial insights for sustainable mana

关键词： land use ecological risk spatiotemporal distribution geographic detector driving factors

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Rotating effects on the photoionization cross-section of a 2D quantum ring

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第10期76卷 153-159页

作者： Carlos Magno O Pereira frankbelson dos S Azevedo Luís fernando C Pereira Edilberto O Silva Departamento de física Universidade Federal do Maranh?o

In this article, we investigate the nonrelativistic quantum motion of a charged particle within a rotating frame, taking into account the Aharonov–Bohm(AB) effect and a uniform magnetic field. Our analysis entails the derivation of the equation of motion and the corresponding radial equation to describe the system. Solving the resulting radial equation enables us to determine the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, providing a clear expression for the energy levels. furthermore,our numerical analysis highlights the substantial influence of rotation on both energy levels and optical properties. Specifically, we evaluate the photoionization cross-section with and without the effects of rotation. To elucidate the impact of rotation on the photoionization process of the system, we present graphics that offer an appealing visualization of the intrinsic nature of the physics involved.

关键词： Aharonov-Bohm effect photoionization cross-section quantum ring rotating effect

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Intensive management enhances mycorrhizal respiration but decreases free-living microbial respiration by affecting microbial abundance and community structure in Moso bamboo forest soils

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 508-519页

作者： Wenhao JIN Jiangfei GE Shuai SHAO Liyuan PENG Jiajia XING Chenfei LIANG Junhui CHEN Qiufang XU Hua QIN State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China School of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China

Intensive management is known to markedly alter soil carbon(C)storage and turnover in Moso bamboo forests compared with extensive ***,the effects of intensive management on soil respiration(RS)components remain *** study aimed to evaluate the changes in different RScomponents(root,mycorrhizal,and free-living microorganism respiration)in Moso bamboo forests under extensive and intensive management practices.A1-year in-situ microcosm experiment was conducted to quantify the RScomponents in Moso bamboo forests under the two management practices using mesh screens of varying *** results showed that the total RSand its components exhibited similar seasonal variability between the two management *** with extensive management,intensive management significantly increased cumulative respiration from mycorrhizal fungi by 36.73%,while decreased cumulative respiration from free-living soil microorganisms by 8.97%.Moreover,the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMf)increased by 43.38%,but bacterial and fungal abundances decreased by 21.65%and 33.30%,respectively,under intensive *** management practices significantly changed the bacterial community composition,which could be mainly explained by soil pH and available *** fungi and intensive management affected the interrelationships between bacterial *** equation modeling indicated that intensive management changed the cumulative RSby elevating AMf abundance and lowering bacterial *** concluded that intensive management reduced the microbial respiration-derived C loss,but increased mycorrhizal respiration-derived C loss.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi extensive management microbial co-occurrence network root respiration soil organic C soil respiration structural equation model

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