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Reservoir Quality and Controlling Mechanism of the Upper Paleogene Fine-Grained Sandstones in Lacustrine Basin in the Hinterlands of Northern Qaidam Basin,NW China

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第3期34卷 806-823页

作者： Lei Gong Xianzhi Gao Futao Qu Yongshu Zhang Guangya Zhang Jun Zhu College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China exploration&development research institute of Qinghai oilfield Company PetroChinaDunhuang 736202China research institute of Petroleum exploration&development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

The Upper Paleogene lacustrine fine-grained sandstones in the hinterlands of the northern Qaidam Basin mainly contain two sweet spot ***/fault,microfacies,petrology,pore features,diagenesis,etc.,were innovatively combined to confirm the controlling factors on the reservoir quality of shallow delta-lacustrine fine-grained *** diagenesis of the original lake/surface/meteoric freshwater and acidic fluids related to the faults and unconformity occurred in an open geochemical *** analysis shows that the Upper Paleogene fine-grained sandstones were primarily formed in the early diagenetic B substage to the middle diagenetic A *** quality was controlled by fault systems,microfacies,burial-thermal history,diagenesis,hydrocarbon charging events(HCE),and abnormally high *** and deep double fault systems are the pathways for fluid flow and hydrocarbon *** developed in the high energy settings such as overwater(ODC)and underwater distributary channels(UDC)provide the material foundation for *** burial depth(3000-4000 m),moderate geothermal field(2.7-3.2℃/100 m),and late HCE(later than E3)represent the important factors to protect and improve pore *** freshwater with high concentrations of CO_(2)and organic acids from thermal decarboxylation are the main fluids leading to the dissolution and reformation of feldspar,rock fragments,calcite and anhydrite *** high pressure caused by the undercompaction in a large set of argillaceous rocks is the key to form high-quality *** pressure zones reduced and inhibited the damage of compaction and quartz overgrowth to reservoir pores,allowing them to be better preserved.A reservoir quality evaluation model with bidirectional migration pathways,rich in clay minerals,poor in cements,superimposed dissolution and abnormally high pressure was proposed for the ODC/UDC finegrained *** model w

关键词： sandstone reservoir quality diagenetic system genetic mechanism petroleum research Upper Paleogene northern Qaidam Basin

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Growth patterns and dynamics of mud cracks at different diagenetic stages and its geological significance

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International Journal of Sediment research 2014年第1期29卷 82-98页

作者： Zhen-yu ZHAO Yan-ru GUO Yan WANG Hong LIU Qing ZHANG research institute of Petroleum exploration and development research institute of Petroleum exploration & development of Changqing oilfield

This paper discusses the growth stages,spatial structures,quantitative fitting relationships among various parameters,growth patterns and influencing factors of mud cracks by field survey,core observation and SEM *** study shows that:(1) Mud crack growth can go through three stages,*** syndiagenetic stage,the burial diagenetic stage(including early diagenetic stage,middle-late diagenetic stage) and the epidiagenetic stage.(2) Quantitative fitting relationships among various parameters allow a great significance to describe the spatial structure,the regional distribution and the growth environment of mud cracks.(3) Mud crack growth has three models,such as the unilateral growth model including the linear growth pattern,the curvilinear growth pattern and the bifurcation growth pattern,the multilateral growth model including the inteisectional growth pattern,the join growth pattern and the dispersed growth pattern,and the mixed growth model including the combination of any patterns listed above.(4) Modern mud crack growth usually undergoes four *** beds in sand-mud rhythmic strata can play a lubricative role on crack growth and provide enough sandy deposits for filling cracks.(5) Mud crack growth usually produces bifurcation and bifurcation angles which are mostly 120° or 90° that are related to sediment heterogeneity and released energy.(6)Factors affecting mud crack growth cover many aspects:clay content and salinity can control the number of mud cracks in different areas;terrain can control mud crack morphology;and different sedimentary cycles can control the growth patterns and filling models of mud cracks.

关键词： Mud crack Growth pattern Geological model Lagoon Coastal sediment

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Enrichment mechanism and resource potential of shale-type helium:A case study of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第6期66卷 1279-1288页

作者： Haikuan NIE Quanyou LIU Wei DANG Pei LI Haikun SU Hanyong BAO Liang XIONG Zhujiang LIU Chuanxiang SUN Peixian ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient development Beijing 102206China Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas exploration and Production Technology Beijing 102206China Petroleum exploration and Production research institute SINOPECBeijing 102206China institute of Energy research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065China School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China research institute of exploration and development Jianghan Oilfield CompanySINOPECWuhan 430223China research institute of exploration and development Southwest Oil&Gas CompanySINOPECChengdu 610041China Sinopec exploration Company Chengdu 610041China research institute of exploration and development East China Petroleum&Gas BranchSINOPECNanjing 210019China

China’s helium resource is highly dependent on overseas ***-rich and U/Th-rich shale reservoirs generally contain helium,and although the helium content is low,the total reserve is ***,the effective development and utilisation of shale-type helium resources is a realistic way to improve the security of helium resources in *** this study,the generation mechanism,helium source and content,migration modes and pathways,controlling factors of enrichment,distribution pattern,and resource potential of the helium were analysed,using the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin and its ***,countermeasures were proposed for shale-type helium exploration and *** results show that the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale has a high content of U and Th and a good ability to generate *** helium is generated by a typical crustal source of helium and is characterised by self-generation,self-storage,and wide *** helium resource potential is a product of its content and the resources of the associated natural *** continuous supply of helium and effective preservation are the main geological factors that control the enrichment of shale-type *** preliminary evaluation results show that the reserves of helium in proven shale gas reserves are 10.8×10^(8)m^(3)in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery,where the extra-large helium fields are likely to be ***,0.0912×10^(8)m^(3)of helium was produced,along with the annual production of shale *** avoid the waste of helium and to improve the self-supply ability,it is suggested that research on the resource potential,enrichment mechanism,and distribution pattern of shale-type helium should be carried out as soon as possible,and helium extraction techniques for helium-bearing natural gas should be studied.

关键词： Shale Helium content Enrichment mechanism Resource potential Sichuan Basin

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Comparison of Formation Conditions of Source Rocks of Fengcheng and Lucaogou Formations in the Junggar Basin,NW China:Implications for Organic Matter Enrichment and Hydrocarbon Potential

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第4期34卷 1026-1040页

作者： Shiju Liu Gang Gao Wenzhe Gang Baoli Xiang Ming Wang Chengyun Wang College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumNo.18 Fuxue RoadBeijing 102249China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of PetroleumNo.18 Fuxue RoadBeijing 102249China PetroChina research institute of Petroleum exploration&development Beijing 100083China Experimental Testing institute PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyKaramay 834000China exploration and development research institute of PetroChina Huabei oilfield Company Renqiu 062552China

Shales in the Carboniferous–Permian Fengcheng(FC) and Lucaogou(LCG) formations in Junggar Basin are important organic rich rocks containing significant oil *** evaluate the difference in sedimentary environment conditions and hydrocarbon-generating potential between the FC and LCG *** organic carbon(TOC),Rock-Eval pyrolysis,solvent extraction,column fractionation,stable carbon isotope,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) of saturated hydrocarbons and organic petrology from the source rocks of FC and LCG *** *** biomarker composition indicates that during the deposition of FC,LCG-1 to LCG-2,the sedimentary environment for the source rock formations changed with gradual decrease of salinity,from anoxic to dyoxic/suboxic in redox conditions,and from strong stratification to weakened stratification of *** FC Formation source rock,with main telalginite(planktonic green algae),archaebacteria and minor terrestrial organic matter,deposited in the environment characterized by high salinity and strongly reducing *** TOC content is relatively low with a high original hydrocarbongenerating potential of unit organic *** LCG Formation source rock deposited in the environment with low salinity and large variations,the organic matter is mainly sourced from telalginite(planktonic green algae),lamalginite,bacteria and higher plants,resulting in strong heterogeneity of the source *** abundance of TOC is high,but the original hydrocarbon generation potential of unit organic matter is lower than that of FC *** results provide a geochemical basis for further study of saline-brackish water sedimentary environment shales in the Junggar Basin.

关键词： geochemistry biogenic precursors depositional conditions Fengcheng Formation LucaogouFormation JunggarBasin.

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Origin and diagenetic evolution of dolomites in Paleogene Shahejie Formation lacustrine organic shale of Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China

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Petroleum exploration and development 2022年第6期49卷 1251-1265页

作者： TENG Jianbin QIU Longwei ZHANG Shoupeng MA Cunfei School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China exploration and development research institute Shengli Oilfield CompanySinopecDongying 257015China Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas exploration and Production SinopecBeijing 100083China

The origin of dolomite in Shahejie Formation shale of Jiyang Depression in eastern China were studied by means of petrologic identification, compositional analysis by X-ray diffraction, stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition, and trace element and rare earth element analyses. The results show that the development of dolomite is limited in the lacustrine organic rich shale of Shahejie Formation in the study area. Three kinds of dolomite minerals can be identified: primary dolomite(D1), penecontemporaneous dolomite(D2), and ankerite(Ak). D1 has the structure of primary spherical dolomite, high magnesium and high calcium, with order degree of 0.3-0.5, and is characterized by the intracrystalline corrosion and coexistence of secondary enlargement along the outer edge. D2 has the characteristics of secondary enlargement, order degree of 0.5-0.7, high magnesium, high calcium and containing a little iron and manganese elements. Ak is characterized by high order degree of 0.7-0.9, rhombic crystal, high magnesium, high calcium and high iron. The micritic calcite belongs to primary origin on the basis of the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions and the fractionation characteristics of rare earth elements. According to the oxygen isotopic fractionation equation between paragenetic dolomite and calcite, it is calculated that the formation temperature of dolomite in the shale is between 36.76-45.83 ℃, belonging to lacustrine low-temperature dolomite. Based on the maturation and growth mechanism of primary and penecontemporaneous dolomite crystals, a dolomite diagenetic sequence and the dolomitization process are proposed, which is corresponding to the diagenetic environment of Shahejie Formation shale in the study area.

关键词： Jiyang Depression lower Sha3 Member upper Sha 4 Member organic shale dolomite isotope fractionation rare earth element diagenetic evolution

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Reservoir Characteristics of Fine-grained Sedimentary Rocks in Saline Lakes in the Cenozoic Upper Ganchaigou Formation,Southwestern Qaidam Basin,NW China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第3期96卷 1070-1081页

作者： SHENG Jun LIU Jincheng LI Yunlong ZOU Haiyan LONG Anlin WANG Lin LI Jiyong QI Qingshan YANG Xiaojing LI Yanan exploration&development research institute of PetroChina Qinghai oilfield Company DunhuangGansu 736200China No.2 Oil Production Plant of PetroChina Qinghai oilfield Company DunhuangGansu 736200China No.1 Oil Production Plant of PetroChina Qinghai oilfield Company DunhuangGansu 736200China

Cenozoic fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the southwestern Qaidam Basin,as typical salinized lacustrine sediments,are significantly different from those in other freshwater lakes under the impact of the high salinity in the *** fine-grained sedimentary rock samples were selected from the lower member of Neogene(N_(1))in the Gaskule oilfield,Qaidam Basin,northwest China,with the aim to analyze and test their petrology,pore structure,and organic geochemical characteristics and determine its genesis and geological *** on previous results,a new genesis of mixed sedimentary rocks is *** Cenozoic lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks in SW Qaidam Basin belong to mixed sedimentary rocks,which can be divided into three types,including carbonate and terrigenous clastic-bearing mudstone,carbonate-bearing to terrigenous clastic mixed sedimentary rocks,and carbonate-terrigenous clastic mixed sedimentary *** geneses of mixing are quite different from that of mixed marine *** to the sedimentary characteristics of the salinized lakes,three new geneses of mixed deposits are proposed:syn-sedimentary mixing,varve interbedded mixing,and biogenic *** reservoir spaces of the Cenozoic lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks in SW Qaidam Basin include residual intergranular pores,intercrystalline pores,microfractures,and minor dissolved *** reservoirs have super-low porosity and ultra-low permeability,with a porosity of 1.82%-21.04%,averaging 7.71%,and permeability of(0.0028-254.86)×10^(−3)μm^(2),averaging 2.82×10^(−3)μm^(2).The test results of total organic carbon(TOC)content show that the highest content of organic carbon reached 1.41%,and those of vitrinite reflectance show that Ro ranges from 0.525%-0.824%,with an average of 0.806%.The organic geochemical characteristics show that the fine-grained mixed sedimentary rocks of SW Qaidam Basin have the potential for self-generation and *** an unconventional re

关键词： energy resources unconventional reservoir sedimentary petrology organic geochemistry salinization lacustrine sediments Neogene

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A new method for predicting injection multiples of extreme displacement in waterflood reservoirs

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第4期3卷 465-472页

作者： Jing Lv Shuai Yin Yeheng Sun Lijie Liu Weizhong Li Deshuo Tao Xiaoning Li SINOPEC Shengli oilfield exploration and development research institute DongyingShandong257001China School of Earth Science and Engineering Xi'an Shiyou UniversityXi'anShaanxi710065China

The theoretical relationship between water injection multiple(*** pore volume)and water saturation is inferred from theoretical concepts of reservoir engineering.A mathematical model based on core displacement tests is established for the entire injection process that satisfies both initial displacement and extreme displacement,*** results show that prior to the flooding,the water injection multiple has a linear relationship with the water saturation,and the utilization rate of the injected water is the *** water breakthrough at the production end,the water-cut increases,and the injection multiple increases exponentially while the utilization efficiency of the injected water gradually *** the injection multiple approaches infinity,the utilization efficiency of the injected water gradually decreases to 0,by which time the water-cut at the production end is always *** this time,the water saturation no longer changes,and the water flooding recovery rate reaches its *** on the experimental test data,a mathematical model of the entire process of injection multiple and water saturation is established,which has high fitting accuracy that can predict the injection multiple in the different stages of development of a mature oil *** dynamically changing index of the injection water utilization efficiency in reservoir development by reactive water flooding can be obtained through reasonable transformation of the mathematical *** is of great significance in guiding evaluations of the effects of reservoir development and formulating countermeasures.

关键词： Waterflood reservoir Limit displacement Injection multiple Prediction model

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Petrophysical parameters inversion for heavy oil reservoir based on a laboratory-calibrated frequency-variant rock-physics model

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Petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3400-3410页

作者： Xu Han Shang-Xu Wang Zheng-Yu-Cheng Zhang Hao-Jie Liu Guo-Hua Wei Gen-Yang Tang CNPC Key Laboratory of Geophysical Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China Engineering research Center of the Ministry of Education for exploration and development of Complex Oil and Gas Reservoirs China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China Shengli oilfield Geophysical exploration research institute SinopecDongying257000ShandongChina

Heavy oil has high density and viscosity, and exhibits viscoelasticity. Gassmann's theory is not suitable for materials saturated with viscoelastic fluids. Directly applying such model leads to unreliable results for seismic inversion of heavy oil reservoir. To describe the viscoelastic behavior of heavy oil, we modeled the elastic properties of heavy oil with varying viscosity and frequency using the Cole-Cole-Maxwell (CCM) model. Then, we used a CCoherent Potential Approximation (CPA) instead of the Gassmann equations to account for the fluid effect, by extending the single-phase fluid condition to two-phase fluid (heavy oil and water) condition, so that partial saturation of heavy oil can be considered. This rock physics model establishes the relationship between the elastic modulus of reservoir rock and viscosity, frequency and saturation. The viscosity of the heavy oil and the elastic moduli and porosity of typical reservoir rock samples were measured in laboratory, which were used for calibration of the rock physics model. The well-calibrated frequency-variant CPA model was applied to the prediction of the P- and S-wave velocities in the seismic frequency range (1–100 Hz) and the inversion of petrophysical parameters for a heavy oil reservoir. The pre-stack inversion results of elastic parameters are improved compared with those results using the CPA model in the sonic logging frequency (∼10 kHz), or conventional rock physics model such as the Xu-Payne model. In addition, the inversion of the porosity of the reservoir was conducted with the simulated annealing method, and the result fits reasonably well with the logging curve and depicts the location of the heavy oil reservoir on the time slice. The application of the laboratory-calibrated CPA model provides better results with the velocity dispersion correction, suggesting the important role of accurate frequency dependent rock physics models in the seismic prediction of heavy oil reservoirs.

关键词： Heavy oil Rock physics Velocity dispersion Pre-stack inversion Reservoir prediction

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Production evolution patterns and development stage division of waterflooding oilfields

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Petroleum exploration and development 2023年第2期50卷 433-441页

作者： JI Bingyu XU Ting GAO Xingjun YU Hongmin LIU He Sinopec Petroleum exploration and Production research institute Beijing 102206China research institute of Petroleum exploration&development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

The continuous growth of recoverable reserves in a waterflooding oilfield has a significant impact on the patterns of production evolution. A new production evolution model is established by improving the Weng Cycle model. With the new model, the statistical correspondence between the production decline stage and the reserve-production imbalance is clarified,and the correlation of water cut with the recovery percent of recoverable reserves is discussed, providing quantitative basis of reservoir engineering for dividing development stages of oilfield and defining mature oilfields. According to the statistics of oilfields in eastern China, the time point corresponding to the reserve-production balance coefficient dropping to less than 1dramatically is well correlated the beginning point of production decline, thus the time when the reserve-production balance coefficient drops dramatically can be taken as the initiation point of production decline stage. The research results show that the water cut and the recovery percent of recoverable reserves have a good statistical match in the high water cut stage, and it is more rational to take both the start point of production decline stage and the water cut of 90%(or the recovery percent of recoverable reserves of 80%) as the critical criteria for defining a mature oilfield. Five production evolution patterns can be summarized as follows: growth–peak plateau–stepped decline, growth–stepped stabilizing–stepped decline, growth–stepped stabilizing–rapid decline, growth–peak plateau–rapid decline, and growth–continuous decline.

关键词： waterflooding oilfield production evolution development stage division recoverable reserves mature oilfield

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Genesis of the high gamma sandstone of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin,China

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Petroleum Science 2013年第1期10卷 50-54页

作者： Liu Huaqing Li Xiangbo Liao Jianbo Liu Xianyang research institute of Petroleum exploration and development-Northwest research institute of exploration and development Changqing Oilfield Company

Recently, more attention has been paid on the high gamma sandstone reservoirs of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China. These high gamma sandstones have logging characteristics different from conventional sandstones, which influences the identification of sandstone reservoirs. Zhang et al （2010） proposed that the high gamma sandstones of the Yanchang Formation might be the result of re-deposition of homochronous sedimentary tufts or previous tufts as a part of the sandstone. However, we present a different viewpoint： 1） few tufts or tuff debris have been found in the high gamma sandstones of the Yanchang Formation; 2） high gamma （or high Th content） sandstones of Yanchang Formation are not related to either clay minerals or feldspar; 3） the heavy minerals in the sandstone reservoirs of the Yanchang Formation are dominated by zircon, which is characterized by abnormally high Th and U contents, up to 2,163 ppm and 1,362 ppm, respectively. This is sufficient to explain the high gamma anomaly. The conclusion is that the high gamma value of the Yanchang Formation sandstones might be caused by zircon with high Th and U contents in sandstones rather than from the tuff components.

关键词： High gamma sandstones reservoir zircon Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin

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