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Study on the mechanism of gas-water two-phase flow in carbonate reservoirs at pore scale

Petroleum 2024年第4期10卷 631-645页

作者： Ruihan Zhang Guang Lu Xian Peng Longxin Li Yuhan Hu Yulong Zhao Liehui Zhang National Key Laboratory of oil & Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University exploration and development Research institute Shengli Oilfield CompanySinopec Research institute of Petroleum exploration & development Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company PetroChina

Carbonate gas reservoirs generally contain water, leading to uneven water invasion, explosive water flooding and other prominent phenomena, which is an important factor restricting the efficient development of gas reservoirs. The study of gas-water two-phase flow behavior in carbonate gas reservoirs is of great significance for understanding the formation mechanism of residual water and trapped gas and improving the recovery of gas reservoirs. In this study, microscopic visualization physical models of fractured-vuggy and fractured-porous types were established based on CT images. And then gas-water two-phase flow experiments were conducted using the models, visually presenting the characteristics of gas-water two-phase flow and the formation mechanism of residual water and trapped gas in such reservoirs. On the basis of experiments, numerical simulation of gas-water two-phase flow at pore scale under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions was conducted using the VOF method, and the effect of capillary number on gas-water two-phase flow was quantitatively evaluated. The experiment results indicate the types of residual water and trapped gas formed in the fractured-vuggy and fracturedporous reservoirs. Compared with fractured-vuggy reservoir, the type of residual water in fracturedporous reservoir doesn't include water masses in the vugs, but includes network shaped residual water, and the type of trapped gas also includes network shaped trapped gas. The numerical simulation results indicate the residual water in the fractured-porous reservoir decreases with the increase of capillary number during gas flooding process, while the distribution of residual water in the fracturedvuggy reservoir is influenced by the combination of fractures and vugs. The distribution of trapped gas in different types of reservoirs shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of capillary number during water flooding process. The results in this study can

关键词： Carbonate gas reservoirs Micro-visualization Numerical simulation Gas-water two-phase flow Trapped gas

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A Model of Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Facies in Precambrian Dolomite, Central Sichuan Basin, SW China and its Geochemical Characteristics

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第1期93卷 130-145页

作者： GU Yifan ZHOU Lu JIANG Yuqiang JIANG Chan LUO Mingsheng ZHU Xun School of Geosciences & Technology Southwest Petroleum University exploration Division PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company Shunan Division of Petrochina Southwest oil&Gas field company exploration and development institute of Southwest oil&Gas field company PetroChina

Hydrothermal mineral assemblages and related hydrothermally enhanced fracturing are common in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Central Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of core samples show that the hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs of Dengying Formation consist of four main types of pores in the reservoir facies. These include: 1) hydrothermal dissolution vug(or pore), 2) intercrystalline pore, 3) residual inter-breccia vug(or pore), and 4) enlarged dissolved-fracture. There are three different fabrics dolomite in hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs, namely, saddle dolomite, fine-medium dolomite and micritic dolomite. Micritic dolomite is the original lithology of host rock. Saddle dolomite with curved or irregular crystal faces was directly crystallized from hydrothermal fluids(average temperature 192°C). Fine-medium dolomites are the products of recrystallization of micritic dolomite, resulting in abnormal geochemical characteristics, such as slight depletion of δ^(18)O, significant enrichment of Mn-Fe and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, and positive Eu anomaly. A model for the distribution of various hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies is proposed here, which incorporates three fundamental geological controls: 1) extensional tectonics and tectono-hydrothermal events(i.e., the Xingkai Taphrogenesis of Late Sinian-Early Cambrian, and Emei Taphrogenesis of Late Permian), 2) hydrothermal fluid storage in clastic rocks with large thickness(e.g., Nanhua System of Chengjiang Formation and part of Doushantuo Formation), and 3) confining bed for hydrothermal fluids(such as, the shale in Qiongzhusi Formation). The supply of hydrothermal fluid is critical. Large basement-rooted faults and associated grid-like fracture system may function as the channels for upward migration of hydrothermal fluid flow. The intersection of the above-mentioned faults(including the conversion fault), especially transtensional sags above negative flower structures on wrench faults can s

关键词： hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies geochemical characteristics Precambrian Dengying Formation central Sichuan Basin

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Present geotemperature and its suggestion to natural gas generation in Xujiaweizi fault-depression of the northern Songliao Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 207-220页

作者： ZHOU QingHua 1,2 ,FENG ZiHui 3 &MEN GuangTian 3 1 Research institute of Petroleum exploration and development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China 2 Geological Logging Subcompany of Daqing oil field company Ltd.,Daqing 163411,China 3 Research institute of Petroleum exploration and development of Daqing oil field company Ltd.,Daqing 163732,China Research institute of Petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing China Geological Logging Subcompany of Daqing oil field company Ltd. Daqing China Research institute of Petroleum exploration and development of Daqing oil field company Ltd. Daqing China

According to stastistic of present geotemperatures at the depths of 1000,2000,3000 and 4000 m,respectively in the Xujiaweizi fault-depression of the north Songliao Basin,the result indicates that Xujiaweizi fault-depression falls in the high geotemperature area,with the higher geothermal gradient in the depression layer than that in the fault-depression *** geothermal gradient decreases with the increasing of the *** thermal conductivity of rock greatly controls the geothermal *** main factors constraining the current geotemperature include thermal configuration of the earth's crust, deep faults,distribution and abundance of *** high geotemperature is in favour of generation of deep gas.

关键词： Xujiaweizi fault-depression geotemperature geothermal gradient thermal conductivity of rock deep layer natural gas

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Detrital Zircon U-Pb Dating for Clastic Rocks from Boreholes in the Eastern Junggar Basin:Constraints on Permian Tectonics in the Southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第6期98卷 1429-1440页

作者： REN Xincheng ZHANG Guanlong WANG Jinduo ZHANG Kuihua ZHANG Xuecai JI Ma YU Hongzhou exploration and development Research institute Shengli Oilfield CompanySINOPECDongyingShandong 257015China oil and Gas exploration and Management Center Shengli Oilfield CompanySINOPECDongyingShandong 257001China

Permian sedimentary successions,widely distributed in the eastern Junggar Basin,may record key details on the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in this *** of boreholes show that Permian strata is mainly composed of mudstone,sandy mudstone,siltstone,sandstone,sandy conglomerate,dolomite,and *** zircon U-Pb dating results of three sandstone samples yielded the calculated maximum ages of 296 Ma,278 Ma and 293 Ma,indicating they possibly deposited during the Early *** strata in the eastern Junggar Basin show similar rock associations and detrital zircon age data distribution *** new and compiled age data for sandstone samples in the eastern Junggar Basin and Bogda region yield predominant Paleozoic ages,close to their sedimentary *** detrital zircon age data distribution patterns support the hypothesis that these Early Permian meta-clastic rocks in the eastern Junggar Basin and Bogda region were deposited in a subduction-related basin,and indicate an Early Permian Ocean prevented Precambrian detritus from the Central Tianshan block from depositing in the eastern Junggar Basin and Bogda region.

关键词： detrital zircon U-Pb dating tectonostratigraphy Junggar Basin Paleo-Asian Ocean

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Formation mechanism of reservoir oolitic dolomite in Lower Triassic Feixianguan formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin, southwest China

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第8期21卷 3263-3274页

作者：陈培元谭秀成刘宏马腾罗冰姜兴福于洋靳秀菊 State Key Laboratory of oil and Gas Geology and exploration (Southwest Petroleum University) School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum University Research institute of Petroleum exploration and development Post-doctoral Workstation of PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company Department of exploration Industry PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company Research institute of Petroleum exploration and development SINOPECZhongyuan Oilfield Company

A series of marine natural gas fields were recently discovered in oolitic dolomites of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin, southwest China. The mechanism forming these reservoir dolomites is debatable, limiting the ability to characterize these reservoir successfully. Based on the investigation of the representative Dukouhe, Luojiazhai, and Puguang areas, this issue was addressed by examining the distribution, petrology, and geochemistry of the dolomites, the most comprehensive study to date was provided. Dolomitization occurred at a very early stage of diagenesis, as shown by the petrological features of the rock fabric. Vadose silt, which is composed primarily of dolomitic clasts, is found in the primary and secondary pores of the oolitic dolomite. This indicates that the overlying strata were subjected to dolomitization when the Feixianguan formation was located in the vadose zone. Therefore, it may be inferred that the dolomitization which occurred before the formation was exposed to meteoric conditions. The spatial distribution and geochemical characteristics of the dolomite indicate that dolomitization occurred as a result of seepage reflux. The degree of dolomitization decreases with increasing distance from the evaporative lagoon. Furthermore, the type and porosity of the dolomite vary in different zones of the upward-shoaling sequence, with the porosity gradually decreasing from the highest layer to the lowest layer. This reflects a close relationship between dolomitization and seawater evaporation during the formation of the dolomite. Geochemical analysis provided further evidence for the relationship between the dolomitization fluid and the coeval seawater. The 87Sr/86Sr and 813C isotopes, as well as the abundances of trace elements, Fe and Mn, indicate that seawater concentrated by evaporation acted as the dolomitization fluid. These results also show that dolomitization most likely occurred in a semi-closed diagenetic e

关键词： Lower Triassic Feixianguan formation early exposure seepage reflux dolomitization Sichuan Basin northeastern Sichuan

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Controlling factors of Dengying Formation reservoirs in the central Sichuan paleo-uplift

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Petroleum Research 2017年第1期2卷 54-63页

作者： Bing Luo Yaoming Yang Wenjun Luo Long Wen Wenzhi Wang Kang Chen Research institute of exploration and development PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanySichuan 610041China

Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics revealed that the Dengying Formation reservoir in the central Sichuan paleo-uplift belonged to the compound genetic reservoir of the mound-shoal facies and *** of the reservoir was controlled by the mound-shoal facies,and dissolution-enlarged or added pores(vugs)due to superimposed karstification modification were favorable reservoir *** karst of the Dengying Formation in Tongwan stage was the stratabound-weathered crust karst of the early diagenesis stage,the extensive superimposition of mound-shoal facies and regional karstification in the central Sichuan paleo-uplift area was the key to develop the large-scale continuous Dengying Formation *** to differences in the development degree of mound-shoal facies and in the intensity of karst modification,the reservoir development degree varied in different zones in the paleouplift *** NS-extending zone on the western side of the Gaoshiti-Moxi area was the sweet spot for reservoir *** identification of mound-shoal facies and fine depiction of karst landform was the key for reservoir prediction of the Dengying Formation to discovery the superimposed area of the mound-shoal facies and the karst monadnock-karst steep slope which similar to Moxi-Gaoshiti area.

关键词： Dengying Formation Karst The mound-shoal facies Reservoir Sweet spot The central Sichuan paleo-uplift Sichuan Basin

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Formation mechanism of carbonates in the lacustrine muddy shale and it implication for shale oil and gas: A case study of source rocks in Member 4 and Member 3 of Shahejie Formation, Dongying sag

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Petroleum Research 2018年第3期3卷 248-258页

作者： Yong Wang Huiming Liu Guoqi Song Xuefeng Hao Deshun Zhu Deyan Zhu exploration and development institute Sinopec Shengli Oilfield CompanyShandong 257015China Sinopec shengli oilfield company Shandong 257001China

Through analysis of microscopic characteristics,mineral components,elements and isotopes,the genetic mechanism of carbonates in the deep lacustrine source rocks in the upper submember of Member 4 and lower submember of Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Dongying sag,is well *** results show that four types of carbonates in the deep lake,i.e.,lenticular coarse crystalline carbonate,lamellar micro-fine crystalline carbonate,lamellar cryptocrystalline carbonate and massive cryptocrystalline *** which,the lenticular coarse crystalline carbonate is formed by diagenetic *** the lamellar micro-fine crystalline carbonate and the lamellar cryptocrystalline carbonate,through the alga photosynthesis,the carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is constantly extracted from water,thus the concentration of CO_(3)^(-2) ion in water increases,and then the CO_(3)^(-2) ion reacts with Ca2+ ion in lake water surface to form the carbonates;the saline water environment is favorable for preservation of carbonate particles which mostly occur in lamellar micro-fine crystalline;in the brackish water environment,the water is deep,and the carbonate crystalline beneath the carbonate compensation depth surface is usually is dissolved,and most of lamellar cryptocrystalline are *** massive cryptocrystalline carbonate is formed by the sedimentary carbonate which transport from shallow water to deep water by gravity *** some extent,the carbonates control reservoir property and compressibility of muddy shale in the upper submember of Member 4 and lower submember of Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Dongying sag,and provide important information for reconstruction of sedimentary environment of the ancient lake.

关键词： Formation mechanism Lacustrine facies Carbonate Muddy shale Shahejie formation Dongying sag

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Four Methods to Estimate Minimum Miscibility Pressure of CO2-oil Based on Machine Learning

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2019年第12期37卷 1271-1278页

作者： Ding Li Xiangliang Li Yinghua Zhang Lixin Sun Shiling Yuan Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Shandong UniversityJinanShandong 250100China shengli oil field exploration and development Research institute DongyingShandong 257000China

Summary of main observation and conclusion CO2 flooding accounts for a considerable proportion in gas *** CO2 as a gas displacement agent is benefit for enhanced oil recovery(EOR),and the alleviation of the greenhouse effect by the permanent storage of CO2 in the *** miscibility pressure(MMP)of CO2-oil is a key factor affecting EOR,which determines the yield and economic benefit of crude oil ***,it is of great importance to use fast,accurate and cheap prediction methods for MMP *** the present study,to evaluate the reliability of four recently developed prediction models based on machine learning(i.e.,neural network analysis(NNA),genetic function approximation(GFA),multiple linear regression(MLR),partial least squares(PLS)),136 sets of data are selected for calculation via outlier analysis from 147 sets of ***,we compared the four models with existing prediction models from the *** analysis of correlation coefficients and multiple error functions shows that the four models can solve the MMP prediction problem well,and the model using intelligent algorithm has a higher prediction accuracy than the simple linear ***,intelligent methods based on similarity algorithm have little difference from each ***,a sensitivity analysis was conducted.

关键词： prediction analysis similarity

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Changing characteristics of ultralow permeability reservoirs during waterflooding operations

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Petroleum Science 2013年第2期10卷 226-232页

作者： Gao Chunning An Xiaoping Zhu Shengju Wu Pingcang National Engineering Laboratory for exploration & development of Low Permeability oil and Gas fields exploration & development Research institute of Changqing oilfield company

The characteristics of ultralow permeability reservoirs changed after waterflooding. Thin- section analysis and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） of core samples from inspection wells indicated that calcite and barite were formed in ultralow permeability reservoirs during waterflooding operations. Some asphaltene precipitates on the surface of formation rock would influence the reservoir porosity, permeability, wettability, and electrical properties. In this paper, the changes of physical, electrical, and fluid properties of ultralow permeability reservoirs during waterflooding operations were analyzed. This provides important information to improve waterflooding performance in ultralow permeability reservoirs.

关键词： Ultralow permeability waterflooding reservoir change waterflooding characteristics

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Gas accumulation conditions and key technologies for exploration & development of Sinian and Cambrian gas reservoirs in Anyue gasfield

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Petroleum Research 2018年第3期3卷 221-238页

作者： Yueming Yang Yu Yang Guang Yang Jiarong Song LongWen Chuanguang Deng Maolong Xia Qi Ran Guobin Duan Bing Luo Bing Xie PetroChina Southwest oil&Gas field company Sichuan610051China Research institute of exploration and development PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanySichuan610051China exploration Division PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanySichuan610051China Chongqing Shale Gas exploration and development Co. Ltd.Chongqing400023China

exploration of the Sinian-Lower Paleozoic formations in the Sichuan Basin starts from the 1950s,and is tortuous and *** summarize the exploration experiences is of great significance of reference for exploration of oil and gas in deep carbonate rocks of the Sichuan *** accumulation in the Anyue oversize gasfield is chiefly controlled by the Deyang-Anyue intra-platform rift and central Sichuan *** intra-platform rift controls the scale hydrocarbon generation center and effective hydrocarbon *** Anyue gasfield is characterized by near-source hydrocarbon *** marginal zone of intra-platform rift and high part of the paleouplift control the scale distribution of favorable facies belts of reservoir development,and overlapped by paleokarstic reformation,the reservoirs are widely *** intra-platform rift and paleouplift jointly control formation of the scale traps and hydrocarbon *** reservoir features and major controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation have some differences in the main play strata,such as Longwangmiao Formation,and Member 4 and Member 2 of Dengying *** gas reservoir in the Longwangmiao Formation is a lithologic gas reservoir under the tectonic setting,and the inherited paleouplift is a key for reservoir formation and hydrocarbon *** gas reservoir in the Member 4 of Dengying Formation is mainly controlled by large structural-stratigraphic composite traps,and the gas reservoir in the Member 2 of Dengying Formation is the structural *** of the large gasfields in the Dengying Formation is controlled by the intra-platform rift,near-source hydrocarbon-reservoir configuration controlled by the ancient erosion plane and stratigraphic sealing in the updip *** exploration and development of the Anyue gasfield,four series of technologies are developed,namely,reservoir seismic fine description technology,well logging fine evaluation technology of gas

关键词： Anyue gasfield Dengying Formation Longwangmiao Formation Gas reservoir feature Enrichment regularity exploration and development technology

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