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Validated tool for early prediction of intensive care unit admission in COVID-19 patients

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第28期9卷 8388-8403页

作者： Hao-Fan Huang Yong Liu Jin-Xiu Li Hui Dong Shan Gao Zheng-Yang Huang Shou-Zhi Fu Lu-Yu Yang Hui-Zhi Lu Liao-You Xia Song Cao Yi Gao Xia-Xia Yu School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060Guangdong ProvinceChina expert panel of shenzhen 2019-ncov pneumonia Shenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen 518000Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Critical Care Medicine Shenzhen Third People’s HospitalSecond Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518112Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of ICU/Emergency Wuhan Third HospitalWuhan UniversityWuhan 430000Hubei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is a global threat caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome *** To develop and validate a risk stratification tool for the early prediction of intensive care unit(ICU)admission among COVID-19 patients at hospital *** The training cohort included COVID-19 patients admitted to the Wuhan Third *** selected 13 of 65 baseline laboratory results to assess ICU admission risk,which were used to develop a risk prediction model with the random forest(RF)algorithm.A nomogram for the logistic regression model was built based on six selected *** predicted models were carefully calibrated,and the predictive performance was evaluated and compared with two previously published *** There were 681 and 296 patients in the training and validation cohorts,*** patients in the training cohort were older than those in the validation cohort(median age:63.0 vs 49.0 years,P<0.001),and the percentages of male gender were similar(49.6%vs 49.3%,P=0.958).The top predictors selected in the RF model were neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,age,lactate dehydrogenase,C-reactive protein,creatinine,D-dimer,albumin,procalcitonin,glucose,platelet,total bilirubin,lactate and creatine *** accuracy,sensitivity and specificity for the RF model were 91%,88%and 93%,respectively,higher than those for the logistic regression *** area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of our model was much better than those of two other published methods(0.90 vs 0.82 and 0.75).Model A underestimated risk of ICU admission in patients with a predicted risk less than 30%,whereas the RF risk score demonstrated excellent ability to categorize patients into different risk *** predictive model provided a larger standardized net benefit across the major high-risk range compared with model *** Our model can identify ICU admission risk in COVID-19 patients at ad

关键词： COVID-19 Intensive care units Machine learning Prognostic predictive model Risk stratification

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Virus load and virus shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and their impact onpatient outcomes

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第24期8卷 6252-6263页

作者： Pei-Fen Chen Xia-Xia Yu Yi-Peng Liu Di Ren Min Shen Bing-Sheng Huang Jun-Ling Gao heng-Yang Huang Ming Wu Wei-Yan Wang Li Chen Xia Shi Zhao-Qing Wang Ying-Xia Liu Lei Liu Yong Liu Department of Respiratory Diseases Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and ImmunityNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseState Key Discipline of Infectious DiseasesShenzhen Third People’s HospitalThe Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518114Guangdong ProvinceChina School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060Guangdong ProvinceChina expert panel of shenzhen 2019-ncov pneumonia The Second People’s Hospital of ShenzhenShenzhen 518035Guangdong ProvinceChina shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseState Key Discipline of Infectious DiseasesShenzhen Third People’s HospitalThe Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518114Guangdong ProvinceChina Medical AI Laboratory School of Biomedical EngineeringHealth Science CentreShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060Guangdong ProvinceChina Buddhism and Science Research Laboratory Centre of Buddhist StudiesThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong 999077China ICU The Second People's Hospital of ShenzhenShenzhen 518035Guangdong ProvinceChina expert panel of shenzhen 2019-ncov pneumonia Shenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen 518000Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Understanding a virus shedding patterns in body fluids/secretions is importantto determine the samples to be used for diagnosis and to formulate infectioncontrol *** To investigate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)shedding patterns and its risk *** All laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patients with completemedical records admitted to the shenzhen Third People’s Hospital from January28, 2020 to March 8, 2020 were included. Among 145 patients (54.5% males;median age, 46.1 years), three (2.1%) died. The bronco-alveolar lavage fluid(BALF) had the highest virus load compared with the other samples. The viralload peaked at admission (3.3 × 108 copies) and sharply decreased 10 d *** The viral load was associated with prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) *** in the ICU had significantly longer shedding time compared to those inthe wards (P 60 years [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.6;95% confidenceinterval (CI): 0.4-0.9] was an independent risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 shedding,while chloroquine (HR = 22.8;95%CI: 2.3-224.6) was a protective *** BALF had the highest SARS-CoV-2 load. Elderly patients had higher virus loads,which was associated with a prolonged ICU stay. Chloroquine was associatedwith shorter shedding duration and increased the chance of viral negativity.

关键词： COVID-19 Virus shedding Viral load Patient outcome China Infectious disease

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Suggestions of management on emergency responses to epidemic outbreaks in outpatient or emergency departments of tertiary teaching hospitals

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2022年第3期2卷 146-149页

作者： Ming Wu Zhiye Fang Li Zeng Xiaohua Xie Jun Liao Lei Yang Wenping Zheng Lijie Ren Biqiang Zhou Jianyi Xiong Yong Xu Guohui Nie Department of Critical Care Medicine Hospital Infection Prevention and ControlShenzhen Second People’s HospitalFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518035China expert panel of Management in Epidemic Outbreak Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital and First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518035China

Background Patients infected with the alpha,beta,and delta strains of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)usually exhibit fever,dry cough,nasal congestion,sore throat,loss of taste or smell,runny nose,conjunctivitis,fatigue,myalgia,diarrhea,and other symptoms,[1]while patients infected with the omicron strain present mild symptoms,including nasal discharge,sore throat,sneezing,headache,and cough.[2]Some patients deliberately conceal the relevant medical history,which makes it difficult to find in the pre-examination screening in outpatient or emer-gency *** and emergency buildings are usually linked to each other,and some older floors are poorly *** patients with COVID-19 see a doctor in an out-patient or emergency building,especially patients infected with the omicron strain,an outbreak of the epidemic in a large area is easily possible.

关键词： nasal epidemic diarrhea

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Handling Uncertainty in Human Cognitive Reliability Method for Safety Assessment Based on DSET

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第7期132卷 201-214页

作者： Yujun Su Xianghao Gao Hong Qian Xiaoyan Su State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power Safety Monitoring Technology and Equipment Shenzhen518172China School of Automation Engineering Shanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai200090China

Human Reliability Analysis(HRA)is an important part in safety assessment of a large complex *** Cognitive Reliability(HCR)model is a method of evaluating the probability that operators fail to complete during diagnostic decision making within a limited time,which is widely used in *** the application of this method,cognitive patterns of humans are required to be considered and classified,and this process often relies on the evaluation opinions of experts which is highly subjective and *** to effectively express and process this uncertain and subjective information plays a critical role in improving the accuracy and applicability of *** this paper,a new model was proposed to deal with the uncertain information which exists in the processes of cognitive pattern classification in ***,an evaluation panel was constructed based on expert opinions and processing including setting corresponding anchor points and qualitative indicators of different cognitive patterns,and mapping them to fuzzy numbers and unit ***,based on the evaluation panel,different analysts judge the cognitive pattern types of actual specific events and provide the level of confidence he or she has in the ***,the evaluation opinions of multiple analysts were expressed and fused based on the Dempster-Shafer Evidence Theory(DSET),and the fused results were applied to the HCR model to obtain the Human Error Probability(HEP).A case study was used to demonstrate the procedure and effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Safety assessment human reliability analysis human cognitive reliability human error probability DempsterShafer evidence theory

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expert Consensus on the Care and Management of Patients with Cognitive Impairment in China

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第3期36卷 307-320页

作者：无 Yuliang Han Jianjun Jia Xia Li Yang Lv Xuan Sun Shanshan Wang Yongjun Wang Zhiwen Wang Jintao Zhang Jiong Zhou Yuying Zhou Academy of Cognitive Disorders of China(ACDC) The 305 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Beijing 100017China The Second Medical Center People’s Liberation Army(PLA)General HospitalBeijing 100853China Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghai 200030China The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 630014China The Second Medical Center PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China shenzhen Institute of Mental Health Shenzhen Kangning HospitalShenzhen 518020China Peking University School of Nursing Beijing 100191China The 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Taian 271000China The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310009China HuanHu Hospital of Nankai University Tianjin 300350China

The cognitive disease consensus was prepared by panels of health and public representatives based on actual clinical practice in Geriatric Departments in Chinese hospitals and a systematic literature review. This consensus reflects the medical knowledge accumulated by those experts and provides information about professional medical care and advice.A multidisciplinary panel of specialists(neurologists,psychiatrists, and nursing specialists) reports an expert consensus on the medical knowledge accumulated from those experts and provides information about professional medical care and advice. The recommendations focus on the care and management of older adults with mild cognitive impairment,the objectives and methods of maintaining cognition and training, the assessments and measures of daily care for patients at different stages of dementia, the assessments and coping strategies for the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, principles and suggestions for an appropriate living environment, arrangements for recreational activities, the care and management of patients with endstage dementia, and suggestions for addressing stress in caregivers.

关键词： Consensus Healthcare Management Cognitive disorders

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expert consensus on One Health for establishing an enhanced and integrated surveillance system for key infectious diseases

Infectious Medicine

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Infectious Medicine 2024年第2期3卷 90-102页

作者： Yanpeng Cheng Zhen Zhang Yuelong Shu Lili Ren Min Kang Dongfeng Kong Xiaolu Shi Qiuying Lv Zhigao Chen Yinghui Li Renli Zhang Puxuan Lu Yan Lu Tingting Liu Nixuan Chen Huawei Xiong Chen Du Jun Yuan Liang Wang Rongqi Liu Weihong Chen Xueyun Li Qihui Lin Gang Li Xindong Zhang Jianhui Yuan Tieqiang Wang Yongchao Guo Jianhua Lu Xuan Zou Tiejian Feng shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen 518000China shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhen 518000China Institute of Medical Biology Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100000China Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guangzhou 510000China Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases Shenzhen 518000China Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guangzhou 510000China Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu 610000China shenzhen Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center Shenzhen 518000China Luohu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen 518000China Futian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen 518000China Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen 518000China Longgang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen 518000China Baoan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen 518000China Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen 518000China Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen 518000China shenzhen Uni-medical Technology Co. LtdShenzhen 518000China

China has been continuously improving its monitoring methods and strategies to address key infectious diseases(KIDs).After the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in 2003,China established a comprehensive report-ing system for infectious diseases(IDs)and public health *** relatively lagging warning thresholds,limited warning information,and outdated warning technology are insufficient to meet the needs of comprehensive monitoring for modern *** early monitoring and warning capabilities to enhance the public health system has become a top priority,with increasing demand for early warning thresholds,information,and tech-niques,thanks to constant innovation and development in molecular biology,bioinformatics,artificial intelligence,and other identification and analysis technologies.A panel of 31 experts has recommended a fourth-generation comprehensive surveillance system targeting KIDs(41 notifiable diseases and emerging IDs).The aim of this surveil-lance system is to systematically monitor the epidemiology and causal pathogens of KIDs in hosts such as humans,animals,and vectors,along with associated environmental *** integrating factors influencing epidemic spread and risk assessment,the surveillance system can serve to detect,predict,and provide early warnings for the occurrence,development,variation,and spread of known or novel ***,we recommend comprehensive ID monitoring based on the fourth-generation surveillance system,along with a data-integrated monitoring and early warning platform and a consortium pathogen detection technology *** series of considerations is based on systematic and comprehensive monitoring across multiple sectors,dimensions,factors,and pathogens that is sup-ported by data integration and *** expert consensus will provides an opportunity for collaboration in various fields and relies on interdisciplinary application to enhance comprehensive monitoring,prediction,and ea

关键词： One Health Infectious disease Emerging infectious disease Key infectious diseases Surveillance system expert consensus

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Management of regional citrate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy:guideline recommendations from Chinese emergency medical doctor consensus

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Military Medical Research 2023年第6期10卷 733-750页

作者： Shu-Yuan Liu Sheng-Yong Xu Lu Yin Ting Yang Kui Jin Qiu-Bin Zhang Feng Sun Ding-Yu Tan Tian-Yu Xin Yu-Guo Chen Xiao-Dong Zhao Xue-Zhong Yu Jun Xu Emergency Medical Doctor Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association Emergency Department The Sixth Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100048China State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Emergency DepartmentPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Emergency Department Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518000China Emergency Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650000China Emergency Department The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001China Emergency Department The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikou 570100China Emergency Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China Emergency Depart‑ment Northern Jiangsu People’s HospitalClinical Medical College of Yang‑zhou UniversityYangzhou 225001China Emergency Department and Chest Pain Center Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 100005China Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Jinan 100005China Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 100005China Emergency Department The Fourth Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100048China Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Nanchang330046China The Second Affiliated Hospital of shenzhen University ShenzhenGuangdong 518035China The First Hos‑pital of Tsinghua University Beijing100016China The Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University NantongJiangsu 226001China The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang LianyungangJiangsu 222000China Shaanxi People’s Hospital Xi’an 710068China Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060China shenzhen Hospital of South‑ern Medical University ShenzhenGuangdong 518000China The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an Huai’anJiangsu 223002China The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical Univers

Continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)is widely used for treating critically-ill patients in the emergency department in *** therapy is needed to prevent clotting in the extracorporeal circulation during *** citrate anticoagulation(RCA)has been shown to potentially be safer and more effective,and is now recommended as the preferred anticoagulant method for ***,there is still a lack of unified standards for RCA management in the world,and there are many problems in using this method in clinical *** Emergency Medical Doctor Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)organized a panel of domestic emergency medicine experts and international experts of CRRT to discuss RCA-related issues,including the advantages and disadvantages of RCA in CRRT anticoagulation,the principle of RCA,parameter settings for RCA,monitoring of RCA(mainly metabolic acid-base disorders),and special issues during *** on the latest available research evidence as well as the paneled experts'clinical experience,considering the generalizability,suitability,and potential resource utilization,while also balancing clinical advantages and disadvantages,a total of 16 guideline recommendations were formed from the experts'consensus.

关键词： Continuous renal replacement therapy Emergency Anticoagulation Citrate Guideline expert consensus

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expert consensus on COVID-19 vaccination in children

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第5期17卷 449-457页

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a public health disaster that has not been encountered for a hundred *** January 12,2020,the World Health Organization(WHO)confirmed and named the coronavirus which caused unexplained pneumonia as 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-ncov).Since then,the disease caused by this virus had been named as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).On February 11,2020,the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses announced that the English name of the novel coronavirus was severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)[1].At present,SARS-CoV-2 infection is still rampant *** of September 10,2021,there were about 222 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and more than 4.5 million deaths worldwide[2].According to the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,by July 29,2021,4.19 million pediatric COVID-19 cases had been reported in the United States。

关键词： acute vaccination respiratory

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Global Pediatric Pulmonology Alliance(GPPA)proposal for COVID-19 vaccination in children

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第5期17卷 458-461页

作者： Lance E.Rodewald Kun-Ling Shen Yong-Hong Yang Gary Wing-Kin Wong Leyla Namazova-Baranova Lanny J.Rosenwasser Adel S.Alharbi Anne B.Chang Jim Buttery Basil Elnazir Ruth A.Etzel Anne Goh Hilary Hoey Rosemary Home Eitan Kerem Antonella Muraro Chris O’Callaghan Kazunobu Ouchi Varinder Singh Jiu-Yao Wang Spencer Li Yu Guanon Yue-Jie Zheng Zhengde Xie Gen Lu Yi Jiang Xing-Wang Li Rong-Meng Jiang Xiao-Chuan Wang Ji-Kui Deng Xiao-Xia Lu Bao-Ping Xu Zhuang Wei Lu-Zhao Feng Zheng-Yan Zhao the Global Pediatric Pulmonology Alliance(GPPA)Counci Global Pediatric Pulmonology Alliance(GPPA)expert panel on Infectious Diseases and COVID-19 National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.BeijingChina China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases Department of RespiratoryBeijing Children's hospital.Capital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina Chinese University of Hong Kong.Hong Kong SAR China Pediatrics and Child Health Research Institute Central Clinical HospitalRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine Kansas CityMOUSA Prince Sultan Military Medical City(PSMMC) Ministry of DefenseRiyadhSaudi Arabia Queensland Children's Hospital.Brisbane Australia and Menzies School of Health ResearchDarwinAustralia Monash Children's Hospital Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia Children's Health Ireland and Trinity College Dublin DublinIreland George Washington University WashingtonDCUSA KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital SingaporeSingapore Department of Pediatrics University of Dublin Trinity CollegeDublinIreland Monash University MelbourneAustralia Department of Pediatrics Hadassah Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem.Israel Food Allergy Referral Centre Veneto Region Padua University Hospital PaduaItaly UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Great Ormond Street Hospital(GOSH)BRCUniversity College LondonLondonUK Department of Pediatrics.Kawasaki Medical School Kurashiki-cityJapan Lady Hardinge Medical College and Assoc Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital Bangla Sahib MargNew DelhiIndia College of Medicine National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan CityTaiwanChina VITUP International Hospital DalianLiaoningChina China Medicine Education Association Pediatric Committee BeijingChina Department of Respiratory Disease Shenzhen Children's Hospital.ShenzhenChina Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU016National Clinical Rese

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)remains a global *** of August 18,2021,the number of reported cases has exceeded 207 million globally,with more than 4.3 million ***-19 has brought devastating losses to human *** overall crude mortality rate is 1-3%.Although pediatric deaths from COVID-19 are rare,they do occur,as over 9,000 children have died from COVID-19 globally to date[1].With the gradual and broad application of COVID-19 vaccines around the world,the rising proportion of cases among children and unvaccinated young adults demands *** to World Health Organization surveillance data.

关键词： mortality globally Alliance

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International standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Techniques: Traditional Chinese Medicine guidelines for acute primary headache(2022)

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第4期44卷 839-850页

作者： YAO Yuning CAO Kegang ZHANG Genming LIU Jianping CHEN Wei CAO Junling YANG Wenming YAN Yongmei GENG Chang JU Yi ZHAO Dexi QU Miao LI Xiaoli SUN Li HAN Zhenyun HE Liyun CUI Fangyuan FU Caihong ZHOU Bo LIAO Shuqin Department of Neurology Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100007China Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029Chin Encephalopathy center First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefei 230031China Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXi'an 710077China Department of Neurology Beijing Changping District Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing 102299China Neurology center Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchun 130021China Department of Neurology Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053Chin Department of Neurology Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated HospitalBeijing 100029China Department of Geriatrics Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineChangchun 130012China Department of Neurology Shenzhen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518172China Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine China Academy Of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700Chin Department of Rehabilitation Shunyi HospitalBeijing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalBeijng 101300China Department of Neurology Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100091China

OBJECTIVE:To summarize the evidence from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)practice in the treatment of acute primary headache and provide clinical practice ***:The guidelines were developed in accordance with the World Health Organization guideline development *** the establishment of steering committee,panel and the registration and protocol formulation,the evidence on TCM for acute primary headache from published guidelines,clinical evidence,and expert experience and consensus were *** grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation method was used to grade the evidence and make the ***:Based on the available evidence,the guidelines recommended three TCM herbal decoctions,six Chinese patent medicines,and two kinds of external application of Chinese herbal *** recommendations based on the expert experience and consensus were also included in the ***:TCM diagnosis and treatment of decoction,Chinese patent medicine and external application for treating acute primary headache were *** hope these guidelines will be helpful in standardize the TCM acute treatment of primary headache.

关键词： medicine,Chinese traditional acute primary headache practice guideline

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