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Development and application of marker-assisted reverse breeding using hybrid maize germplasm

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第12期14卷 2538-2546页

作者： GUAN Yi-Xin WANG Bao-hua FENG Yan LI Ping Scientific Observing and experimental station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region Ministry of AgricultureSchool of Life Sciences Nantong University Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nantong Xinhe Bio-Technology Co. Ltd.

Humankind has been through different periods of agricultural improvement aiming at enhancing our food supply and the performance of food crops. In recent years, whole genome sequencing and deep understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have facilitated new plant breeding approaches to meet the challenge of growing population, dwindling resources, and changing climate. Here we proposed a simple and fast molecular breeding method, marker-assisted reverse breeding（MARB）, which will revert any maize hybrid into inbred lines with any level of required similarity to its original parent lines. Since all the pericarp DNA of a hybrid is from the maternal parent, whereas one half of the embryo DNA is from the maternal parent and the other half from the paternal parent, so we firstly extract DNA from seed embryo and pericarp of a selected elite hybrid separately and then we derived the genotypes of the two parents with high-density single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP） chips. The following marker-assisted selection was performed based on an Illumina low-density SNP chip designed with 192 SNPs polymorphic between the two parental genotypes, which were uniformly distributed on 10 maize chromosomes. This method has the advantages of fast speed, fixed heterotic mode, and quick recovery of beneficial parental genotypes compared to traditional pedigree breeding using elite hybrids. Meanwhile, MARB has the advantage of not requiring sophisticated transformation and double haploid（DH） technologies over RNA interference（RNAi）-mediated reverse breeding. In addition, MARB can also be used with feed corn harvested from big farms, which is often similar to F_2 populations, and the relevant transgenes in the population can be eliminated by marker-assisted selection. As a result, the whole global commercial maize hybrids can be utilized as germplasm for breeding with MARB technology. Starting with an F_2 population derived from an elite hybrid, our experiment indicates that with three

关键词： maize hybrid marker-assisted reverse breeding SNP

Dynamics of Growth of the Introduced Nectarine Cultivars

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Journal of Life Sciences 2015年第10期9卷 472-475页

作者： Dimitar Dimitrov Vassilev experimental station of Agriculture Khan Krum Shumen 9863 Bulgaria

A research on the topic was conducted at the experimental station of Agriculture--Khan Krum during the period 2009-2011. The dynamics of growth and thickening of the cultivars Independence, Nectagrand 2, Aureliogrand, Fantasy, Kassiopeia and Caldessi 2000 grafted on seedling rootstock （Elbert） and clonal GF-677 have been studied in the second year of nursery. The aim of the study was to investigate the growth characteristics of the introduced cultivars of nectarines grafted on traditional seedling rootstock （Elbert） and GF-677. At the beginning of the vegetation period of the seed cultivar rootstock （Elbert） has strong growth and thickening of the stem. The dynamics of growth and thickening of the stem depend on the used rootstock and cultivar. The obtained planting material corresponds to the existing quality standards.

关键词： Rootstocks cultivars nectarines grafted.

Diet and feeding ecology of invasive icefish Neosalanx taihuensis in Erhai Lake,a Chinese plateau mesoeutrophicated lake

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2015年第2期33卷 372-380页

作者：胡翠林过龙根王圣瑞 Fisheries College Huazhong Agricultural University Donghu experimental station of Lake Ecosystems State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of ChinaInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Research Center of Lake Environment Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences

A comprehensive study of the invasive icefish Neosalanx taihuensis feeding ecology in Erhai Lake was conducted from November 2009 to October 2010. Prey items in the guts of the icefish sampled varied significantly according to season. This finding suggests a relationship between fluctuations in available prey in the environment and selective feeding by icefish. N. taihuensis preferred large-sized zooplankton, such as Daphnia and calanoids. Additionally, the gut fullness values differed significantly （P〈0.001） among sampling times. To compare the values at different times, samples were taken over a 24 h period every 2 months for the entire year. The feeding activities of the fish were concentrated either in the morning （8：00） and/or at dusk （20：00）, except in September 2010. This finding can be explained primarily by the variation in optimum light intensity. Daily N. taihuensis zooplankton consumption varied significantly, both diurnally and among seasons. The daily consumption values ranged from 0.089 to 0.237 g （wet weight） per 100 g wet fish weight in temperatures between 11.50℃ and 24.68℃. This is the first report of diel feeding periodicity and daily food consumption of icefish in their invaded ecosystems.

关键词： dietary composition crustacean zooplankton feeding ecology invasive species Neosalanxtaihuensis

A new diterpene from the stems of Trigonostemon heterophyllus

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2014年第4期12卷 297-299页

作者： LI Yi-Xing ZUO Wen-Jian MEI Wen-Li CHEN Hui-Qin DAI Hao-Fu Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou experimental station Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences

AIM: To investigate the chemical constituents in the stems of Trigonostemon heterophyllus. METHOD: The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, Rp-18, and Sephadex LH-20, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. RESULTS: Three compounds were isolated and identified as a new diterpene, trigonoheterene B(1), together with two known compounds, trigonostemone(2) and trigonochinene B(3). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is new. Compounds 2 and 3 showed antibacterial activities.

关键词： Trigonostemon heterophyllus Trigonoheterene B Diterpene Antibacterial activities

A comparative pattern of lectin-binding in the endometrial glands of the uterus and placenta of healthy buffaloes and bovines at early gestation

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BIOCELL 2021年第2期45卷 331-337页

作者： SERGIO GASTÓN CASPE JOSÉLUIS KONRAD DADIN PRANDO MOORE JUAN MANUEL SALA LILIAN LISCHINSKY CARLOS MANUEL CAMPERO CLAUDIO GUSTAVO BARBEITO Laboratory of Pathology Experimental Station MercedesInstituto Nacional de Tecnología AgropecuariaCorrientes3470Argentina Laboratory of Theriogenology School of Veterinary SciencesUniversidad Nacional del NordesteCorrientesW3402BKGArgentina Animal Health Group Experimental Station BalcarceInstituto Nacional de Tecnología AgropecuariaBalcarceB7620EMAArgentina Laboratory of Histology and Embryology School of Veterinary SciencesUniversidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata1900Argentina

Water buffalo(Bubalus bubalis)and domestic cattle(Bos taurus)are closely related ***,embryo transfer interspecies has been attempted without any *** failure in hybrid embryo-implantation is associated with the glycocode in the maternal-fetal *** patterns have been studied in different species of ruminants;however,in ***,only the binucleated cells(BNC)have been *** glycocode is essential for a successful embryo-implantation and can be defined by Lectin-Histochemistry(LHC).The aim of this study is to compare the glycosylation pattern of placenta and uterus in water buffaloes and cattle by *** samples of placenta and uterus from pregnant Mediterranean female water buffaloes(Buf1)and Angus cows(Bov1)were *** animals were euthanized at 98 days of *** was carried out using twelve lectins(Con A,LCA,PSA,sWGA,PHA-e,SBA,UEA-1,WGA,RCA-1,PNA,DBA,BSA-1).The intensity of lectin binding was semiquantitatively scored using a scale of 0(negative)to 3(strongly positive).Difference between species was found in trophoblast layer by PSA,SWGA,PNA and BSA-1,in BNC,and in the mononuclear cells by LCA,PSA,PHA-e,DBA,BSA-1,*** utero,differences in the apical cellular membrane and the secretion of glands were identified by DBA and RCA-1,and in the cytoplasm of those glandular epithelial cells by PHA-e,BSA-1,WGA,and *** both species,BNC presented a strong positive reaction with DBA and SBA,a moderate response by LCA,PHA-e,BSA-1 and PNA lectin,and a low reaction by PSA,UEA-1,SWGA,WGA,Con A and *** results found in this study suggest that although both species are closely related,glycosylation patterns in the placenta and uterus are different,thus providing a possible reason for embryo transfer not being possible between these species.

关键词： Lectin-histochemistry Water buffalo Placenta Glycosylation pattern

Anaerobic digestion in mesophilic and room temperature conditions: Digestion performance and soil-borne pathogen survival

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第5期28卷 224-233页

作者： Le Chen Shanshan Jian Jinhua Bi Yunlong Li Zhizhou Chang Jian He Xiaomei Ye Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Laboratory for Agricultural Wastes Treatment and Recycling Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science East China Scientific Observing and experimental station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy Ministry of Agriculture

Tomato plant waste（TPW） was used as the feedstock of a batch anaerobic reactor to evaluate the effect of anaerobic digestion on Ralstonia solanacearum and Phytophthora capsici survival. Batch experiments were carried out for TS（total solid） concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6% respectively, at mesophilic（37 ± 1°C） and room（20–25°C） temperatures. Results showed that higher digestion performance was achieved under mesophilic digestion temperature and lower TS concentration conditions. The biogas production ranged from 71 to 416 L/kg VS（volatile solids）. The inactivation of anaerobic digestion tended to increase as digestion performance improved. The maximum log copies reduction of R. solanacearum and P. capsici detected by quantitative PCR（polymerase chain reaction） were 3.80 and 4.08 respectively in reactors with 4% TS concentration at mesophilic temperatures. However, both in mesophilic and room temperature conditions, the lowest reduction of R. solanacearum was found in the reactors with 6% TS concentration, which possessed the highest VFA（volatile fatty acid） concentration. These findings indicated that simple accumulation of VFAs failed to restrain R. solanacearum effectively, although the VFAs were considered poisonous. P. capsici was nearly completely dead under all conditions. Based on the digestion performance and the pathogen survival rate, a model was established to evaluate the digestate biosafety.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Pathogen inactivation Digestion performance Fruit and vegetable wastes

Identification Cold Tolerance of Pineapple Germplasms at Seedling Stage

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第12期12卷 1768-1779页

作者： Haiyan Shu Keming Li Yanfei Ou Rulin Zhan Shenghe Chang Haikou experimental station Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou China

Pineapple plant was always injured due to low temperature. Breeding varieties with high cold tolerance was the supreme way to resolve this problem and identifying cold tolerance of germplasms collected was necessary. In this study, SSR locus around homologous sequences of cold-tolerant genes was searched and screened using MD-2 (cold-tolerant variety) and Tainong 17 (cold-sensitive variety). Seventy three pairs of primers of which PCR results were different between these two varieties were gotten. PCRs were performed using these as primers and genomic DNA of germplasms collected as templates. Six pairs of primers were found that their PCR results were in good consistent with cold tolerance. Using GLM (General linear model) association mapping analysis, two SSR markers linked to cold tolerance were found. Their efficiency was verified further using pineapple germplasms with high cold tolerance which had been validated in field by cold wave. They will be used in cold-tolerant breeding of pineapple in the future.

关键词： Pineapple Cold Tolerance Seedling Stage Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Breeding

The Situation and Challenges of Pineapple Industry in China

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第5期10卷 683-688页

作者： Haiyan Shu Wei Sun Guiying Xu Rulin Zhan Shenghe Chang Haikou experimental station Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou China

Pineapple is the third largest tropical fruit in China. Pineapple industry played important roles in developing economies in tropical- and subtropical-areas in China. However, the structure of varieties is simple. The harvesting period is centralized. The price of pineapple fruits is often low. These challenges hindered the further development of pineapple industry. The people engaged in pineapple industry should select and cultivate new varieties with higher qualities and that can be harvested in a longer period. More work should be done in the technology on inducing inflorescence of new varieties. Precision fertilization for new varieties should be researched and developed. The technology for cultivating tissue-culture seedlings fast and at low cost should also be studied. The diseases in fruits should be prevented and controlled before harvesting.

关键词： Pineapple Situation Challenge Variety Disease

A Simple Method for Pineapple Seedling Propagation

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第12期10卷 1534-1541页

作者： Haiyan Shu Keming Li Wei Sun Guiying Xu Rulin Zhan Shenghe Chang Haikou experimental station Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science Haikou China

Pineapple is nutrient and planted in many tropical and subtropical countries. Plenty of elite seedlings were always needed in short time. The common methods for propagating pineapple seedlings have low-multiplying index or take long time. A new method was introduced in this paper. Shoots were induced using stem sections. And then, the shoot bases were cut and cultured on callus-induced medium. The meristematic granules induced were cultured on shoot-induced medium. Shoots can be induced from the meristematic granules. Seedlings can be induced from these shoots in short time. This method overcomes the defects of the common ways. Enough seedlings can be gotten in short time. The operation is simple and easy to learn.

关键词： Pineapple Seedling Caespitose Pathway Callus Pathway