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The homeostatic γc cytokines IL-7 and IL-15 suppress the induction of CD4^(+) CD8αα^(+) intraepithelial T cells in the gut

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第6期19卷 751-753页

作者： Can Li Praveen Prakhar Jung-Hyun Park experimental Immunology Branch Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA

All T cells require cytokine signaling for their development and maintenance, and CD8αα^(+) IEL T cells are noted for their requirement for IL-15 [8]. This IL-15 dependency was demonstrated by the paucity of CD8αα^(+) T cells among SI IELs in Il15–/– mice (Fig. 1d and Fig. S1a). However, the cytokine requirements of CD8αα^(+)CD4^(+) T cells are currently unclear. Because of the shared phenotype of CD8αα expression with CD8αα^(+) IELs, we postulated that CD4^(+)CD8αα^(+) IELs would also depend on IL-15.

关键词： CD8α cytokine cytokines

Withdrawal of anti-tumour necrosis factor α therapy in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第16期21卷 4773-4778页

作者： Konstantinos Papamichael Severine Vermeire Department of Clinical and experimental Medicine Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders

Anti-tumour necrosis factor α(anti-TNFα) therapy is an established treatment in inflammatory bowel disease.However, this treatment is associated with high costs and the possibility of severe adverse events representing a true challenge for patients, clinicians and health care systems.Consequently, a crucial question is raised namely if therapy can be stopped once remission is achieved and if so, how and in whom.Additionally, in a real-life clinical setting, discontinuation may also be considered for other reasons such as the patient's preference, pregnancy, social reasons as moving to countries or continents with less access, or different local policy or reimbursement.In contrast to initiation of anti-TNFα therapy guidelines regarding stopping of this treatment are missing.As a result, the decision of discontinuation is still a challenging aspect in the use of anti-TNFα therapy.Currently this is typically based on an estimated, case-by-case, benefit-risk ratio.This editorial is intended to provide an overview of recent data on this topic and shed light on the proposed drug withdrawal strategies.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Anti-tumournecrosis factor α therapy Withdrawal Remission Infliximab

Inducing prion protein shedding as a neuroprotective and regenerative approach in pathological conditions of the brain:from theory to facts

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Neural Regeneration research 2023年第9期18卷 1869-1875页

作者： Andreu Matamoros-Angles Behnam Mohammadi Feizhi Song Mohsin Shafiq Santra Brenna Berta Puig Markus Glatzel Hermann C.Altmeppen Institute of Neuropathology University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf(UKE)HamburgGermany Department of Neurology Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation(ERSI)University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf(UKE)HamburgGermany

In the last decades,the role of the prion protein(PrP) in neurodegenerative diseases has been intensively investigated,initially in prion diseases of humans(e.g., Creutzfeldt-J akob disease) and animals(e.g.,scrapie in sheep,chronic wasting disease in deer and elk,or "mad cow disease" in cattle).Templated misfolding of physiological cellular prion protein(PrPC) into an aggregation-prone isoform(termed PrP "Scrapie"(PrPSc)),self-re plication and spreading of the latter inside the brain and to peripheral tissues,and the associated formation of infectious proteopathic seeds(termed "prions")are among the essential pathogenic mechanisms underlying this group of fatal and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.Late r,key roles of the correctly folded PrPCwere identified in more common human brain diseases(such as Alzheimer s disease or Parkinson’s disease) associated with the misfolding and/or accumulation of other proteins(such as amyloid-β,tau or α-synuclein,respectively).PrPChas also been linked with n euro protective and regenerative functions,for instance in hypoxic/ischemic conditions such as stroke.However,despite a mixed "bouquet" of suggested functions,our understanding of pathological and,especially,physiological roles played by PrPCin the brain and beyond is ce rtainly incomplete.Interactions with various other proteins at the cell surfa ce or within intracellular compartments may account for the functional diversity linked with PrPC.Moreover,conserved endogenous proteolytic processing of PrPCgenerates seve ral defined PrPCfragments,possibly holding intrinsic functions in physiological and pathological conditions,thus making the "true and complete biology" of this protein more complicated to be elucidated.Here,we focus on one of those released PrPCfragments,namely shed PrP(sPrP),generated by a membrane-proximate ADAM10-mediated cleavage event at the cell surfa ce.Similar to other soluble PrP fragments(such as the N1 fragment representing PrP’s released N-terminal tail upon the major α-cleavage event)or ex

关键词： ADAM10 aggregation Alzheimer’s disease amyloid antibodies Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease enzymatic cleavage extracellular vesicles neurodegeneration neurotoxicity proteolytic processing stroke transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

Two-step production of monoamines in monoenzymatic cells in the spinal cord:a different control strategy of neurotransmitter supply?

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Neural Regeneration research 2016年第12期11卷 1904-1909页

作者： Mengliang Zhang Neuronano research center Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of Copenhagen

Monoamine neurotransmitters play an important role in the modulation of sensory, motor and autonomic functions in the spinal cord. Although traditionally it is believed that in mammalian spinal cord, monoamine neurotransmitters mainly originate from the brain, accumulating evidence indicates that especially when the spinal cord is injured, they can also be produced in the spinal cord. In this review, I will present evidence for a possible pathway for two-step synthesis of dopamine and serotonin in the spinal cord. Published data from different sources and unpublished data from my own ongoing projects indicate that monoenzymatic cells expressing aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase（AADC）, tyrosine hydroxylase（TH） or tryptophan hydroxylase（TPH） are present in the spinal cord and that these TH and THP cells often lie in close proximity to AADC cells. Prompted by the above evidence, I hypothesize that dopamine and serotonin could be synthesized sequentially in two monoenzymatic cells in the spinal cord via a TH-AADC and a TPH-AADC cascade respectively. The monoamines synthesized through this pathway may compensate for lost neurotransmitters following spinal cord injury and also may play specific roles in the recovery of sensory, motor and autonomic functions.

关键词： non-monoaminergic cell monoamine precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan L-dopa serotonin dopamine tyrosine hydroxylase tryptophan hydroxylase aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase spinal cord injury

Spatiotemporal Isolation Based Super-Resolution Microscopy

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中国化学:英文版 2023年第13期41卷 1608-1623页

作者： Yuxian Lu Pinlong Zhao Jiandong Feng research center for Quantum Sensing Research Institute of Intelligent SensingZhejiang LabHangzhouZhejiang311121 China Laboratory of experimental Physical Biology Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310027 China

Super-resolution microscopy(SRM)is a powerful imaging technique that overcomes the diffraction limit and allows imaging of the object structure in the nanoscale.However,SRM suffers from a tradeoff between spatial and temporal resolution,which prevents further exploration in scientific discoveries.In this review,we mainly focus on the development of improving spatiotemporal resolution of SRM,including 1)SRM based on physical and computational principles,2)physical and computational factors affecting SRM,from which we conclude some strategies for developing new types of SRM,3)the summary of the various types of SRM based on physical and computational principles,as well as,the analysis of the ordinary and developing SRM.Both SRMs based on physical principles and computational principles can be realized with spatial isolation and temporal isolation methods.We expect this review will offer some new ideas to improve the spatial and temporal resolution simultaneously,which may lead to more new discoveries in biology,chemistry,and materials science.

关键词： Super-resolution imaging Fluorescence Luminescence Spatial isolation Temporal isolation

PtCo-based nanocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction:Recent highlights on synthesis strategy and catalytic mechanism

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第1期53卷 101-123页

作者： Wenjuan Yan Puhua Sun Chen Luo Xingfan Xia Zhifei Liu Yuming Zhao Shuxia Zhang Liang Sun Feng Du State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing Center for Chemical Engineering Experimental TeachingOil Industry Training CenterChina University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China Petrochemical research Institute PetroChinaBeijing 102200China

Oxygen reduction reaction over Pt-based catalyst is one of the most significant cathode reactions in fuel cells.However,low reserves and high price of Pt have motivated researchers worldwide seeking enhanced utilization efficiency and durability by doping non-noble metals to form Pt-based alloy catalysts.Alloying Pt with Co has been recognized as one of the most effective approaches to achieve this goal.PtCo bimetal combination is one of the most promising candidates to synthesize highly efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)applications,owing to its relatively more suitable oxygen binding energy for four-electron transfer reactions.Recently,impressive strategies have been developed to fabricate more active and stable PtCo-based multimetallic alloys with tailorable size and morphology.This paper aims to summarize the most recent highlights on the study of the relationship between preparation strategies,morphologies,electroactivities of the PtCo-based catalyst at atomic level and further the relevant reaction mechanism.The challenges and opportunities on the further development of electrocatalysts for fuel cells are included to provide reference for the practical application.

关键词： Electrochemistry Catalysis Oxygen reduction reaction Fuel cells PtCo nanoalloy Multimetallic

experimental study of shear properties of 3D woven composite using digital image correlation and acoustic emission

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2020年第2期36卷 448-459页

作者： E.M.Strungar A.S.Yankin E.M.Zubova A.V.Babushkin A.N.Dushko center of experimental Mechanics Perm National Research Polytechnic University614990 PermRussian Federation Engineering center PJSC“UEC-Saturn” 152903 RybinskRussian Federation

This work is dedicated to the experimental study of the shear properties of three-dimensional reinforced composites taking into account their structural features,in Iosipescu tests.Shear strains have been determined using Vic-3D non-contact three-dimensional digital optical system.The evolution of inhomogeneous strain fields on the surface of composite specimens of the structure under study has been analyzed.The variants of strain averaging in the specimen working area have been analyzed using Vic-3D tools.AMSY-6 acoustic emission system has been used to assess the structural integrity of composite materials under loading.

关键词： Carbon-fiber composite 3D reinforced composite Digital image correlation Acoustic emission technique Iosipescu test

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase cells in the spinal cord:a potential origin of monoamines

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Neural Regeneration research 2015年第5期10卷 715-717页

作者： Mengliang Zhang Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of Copenhagen Neuronano research center Department of Experimental Medical SciencesLund University

Monoamine neurotransmitters include catecholamines and indoleamines. The most common catecholamines are do- pamine （DA）, noradrenaline （NA） and adrenaline, which are produced from phenylalanine and tyrosine; whereas the most common indoleamine is serotonin （5-hydroxytrypta mine, 5-HT）, which is produced from 5-hydroxytryptophan （5-HTP）.

关键词： Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase cells in the spinal cord HTP acid

Study on Perfume Stimulating Olfaction with Volatile Oil of Acorus Gramineus for Treatment of the Alzheimer’s Disease Rat

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2010年第4期30卷 283-287页

作者：刘智斌牛文民杨晓航王渊王卫刚 Experimental Research Center Department of Acupuncture and Tuina Shaanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective:To probe into the therapeutic efect of perfume stimulating olfaction with volatile oil of Acorus Gramineus on the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) rat. Methods: Totally 50 adult SD rats, male,weighing 300±10 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups, normal group (group A), olfactory nerve severing model group (group B), AD model group (group C), AD model plus perfume stimulation group (group D), AD model olfactory nerve severing plus perfume stimulation group (group E), 10 rats in each group. After perfume stimulation, Morris maze test was conducted for valuating the learning and memory ability; Malondaldehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the brain, and the brain weight were detected. Results: Compared with the AD model group,the average escape latency and swimming distance in 6 days were significantly shorter than those in the group A, B, D (P0.05); Compared with the group A, B and D, MDA content in the group C significantly increased (P0.05). Conclusion: Perfume stimultating olfaction with volatile oil of Acorus Gramineus can significantly increase the learning-memory ability, decrease MDA content and increase SOD and GSH-Px activities and weight of brain in AD rats.

关键词： SD大鼠阿尔茨海默病挥发油石菖蒲嗅觉水刺 Morris水迷宫谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶