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Recent advances in the diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis

World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第7期16卷 370-379页

作者： Christos Kourek Alexandros Briasoulis Dimitrios E Magouliotis Panagiotis Georgoulias Grigorios Giamouzis Filippos Triposkiadis John Skoularigis Andrew Xanthopoulos Clinical Ergospirometry Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory1^(st)Critical Care Medicine DepartmentEvangelismos HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 10676Greece Department of Clinical Therapeutics Alexandra HospitalFaculty of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11528Greece Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of ThessalyLarissa BiopolisLarissa 41110Greece Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece Department of Cardiology School of MedicineUniversity Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece

Cardiac amyloidosis is a progressive disease characterized by the buildup of amyloid fibrils in the extracellular space of the *** is divided in 2 main types,immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis and transthyretin amyloidosis(ATTR),and ATTR amyloidosis is further divided in 2 subtypes,non-hereditary wild type ATTR and hereditary mutant variant *** and prevalence of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis is increasing over the last years due to the improvements in diagnostic *** rates are improving due to the development of novel therapeutic *** is the only disease-modifying approved therapy in ATTR amyloidosis so ***,the most recent advances in medical therapies have added more options with the potential to become part of the therapeutic armamentarium of the *** including acoramidis,eplontersen,vutrisiran,patisiran and anti-monoclonal antibody NI006 are being investigated on cardiac function in large,multicenter controlled trials which are expected to be completed within the next 2-3 years,providing promising results in patients with ATTR cardiac ***,further and ongoing research is required in order to improve diagnostic methods that could provide an early diagnosis,as well as survival and quality of life of these patients.

关键词： Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis Tafamidis Acoramidis Eplontersen Vutrisiran Patisiran

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Experimental Effects of Acute exercise on Cognitive-Based Short-Term Memory Improvement:A Meta-analysis of Repeated Measures Studies

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Journal of Science in Sport and exercise 2022年第1期4卷 12-20页

作者： Myungjin Jung Minsoo Kang Jeremiah Blough Paul D.Loprinzi exercise and Memory laboratory Department of HealthExercise Science and Recreation ManagementThe University of MississippiUniversityMS 38677USA health and Sport Analytics laboratory Department of HealthExercise Science and Recreation ManagementThe University of MississippiUniversityMS 38677USA

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of acute exercise on short-term memory *** computerized literature searches using electronic databases and examinations of reference lists from relevant studies yielded six studies meeting our inclusionary *** a total of six studies,16 standardized regression coefficient effect sizes(ESs)were calculated to be *** meta-analyses showed a statistically significant increase in short-term memory improvement across both the exercise and non-exercise control groups in trials 1-5[ES=0.96,95%CI(0.95,0.97),Pexercise and control groups(Q_(b)=0.40,df=1,P=0.53).Our meta-analytic review provides suggestive evidence that an acute bout of exercise prior to learning does not result in short-term memory improvement to a greater extent than a non-exercise *** research is needed to further evaluate whether acute exercise enhances long-term memory via enhanced learning and/or post-learning mechanisms.

关键词： Acquisition Memory encoding Memory consolidation Physical activity

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Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1718-1727页

作者： Miaoping Zhang Chunmei Liang Xiongjin Chen Yujie Cai Lili Cui Guangdong Key laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdong ProvinceChina

Alzheimer s disease,among the most common neurodegenerative disorders,is chara cterized by progressive cognitive *** present,the Alzheimer’s disease main risk remains genetic ris ks,but major environmental fa ctors are increasingly shown to impact Alzheimer’s disease development and ***,the most important brain immune cells,play a central role in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and are considered environmental and lifestyle"sensors."Factors like environmental pollution and modern lifestyles(e.g.,chronic stress,poor dietary habits,sleep,and circadian rhythm disorde rs)can cause neuroinflammato ry responses that lead to cognitive impairment via microglial functioning and phenotypic ***,the specific mechanisms underlying interactions among these facto rs and microglia in Alzheimer’s disease are ***,we:discuss the biological effects of air pollution,chronic stress,gut micro biota,sleep patterns,physical exercise,cigarette smoking,and caffeine consumption on microglia;consider how unhealthy lifestyle factors influence individual susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease;and present the neuroprotective effects of a healthy *** intervening and controlling these environmental risk fa ctors at an early Alzheimer’s disease stage,understanding the role of microglia in Alzheimer’s disease development,and to rgeting strategies to to rget microglia,co uld be essential to future Alzheimer’s disease treatments.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease chronic stress environmental factor gut microbiota microglia particulate matter with diameter<2.5μm

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exercise immunology:Novel insights

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2024年第3期13卷 277-279,I0001页

作者： David C.Nieman Human Performance laboratory Appalachian State UniversityNorth Carolina Research CampusKannapolisNC 28081USA

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic heightened worldwide attention on the influence of exercise on the immune *** were raised about whether regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)could help prevent COVID-19 or mitigate symptoms when *** MVPA bolster immunity among those most prone to COVID-19 including the elderly,obese,and immunocompromised patients?Does regular MVPA dampen systemic inflammation,thereby lessening the COVID-19 cytokine storm?

关键词： immunity inflammation thereby

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Voluntary wheel running ameliorated the deleterious effects of high-fat diet on glucose metabolism,gut microbiota and microbial-associated metabolites

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1672-1684页

作者： Ling Zhang Wenyu Zou Yongyan Hu Honghua Wu Ying Gao Junqing Zhang Jia Zheng Department of Endocrinology Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China laboratory Animal Facility Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China

exercise training is critical for the early prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes ***,the mechanism with gut microbiota and fecal metabolites underlying the effects of voluntary wheel running on high-fat diet induced abnormal glucose metabolism has not been fully elaborated.C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups according to diets(fed with normal chow diet or high-fat diet)and running paradigm(housed in static cage or with voluntary running wheel).An integrative 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolites profiling was synchronously performed to characterize the effects of voluntary wheel running on gut microbiota and *** showed that voluntary wheel running prevented the detrimental effects of high-fat feeding on glucose metabolism 16S rDNA sequencing showed remarkable changes in Rikenella and Marvinbryantia *** profiling indicated multiple altered metabolites,which were enriched in secondary bile acid biosynthesis *** conclusion,our study indicated that voluntary wheel running significantly improved glucose metabolism and counteracted the deleterious effects of high-fat feeding on body weight and glucose *** further found that voluntary wheel running could integratively program gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolites changes,and may regulate muricholic acid metabolism and secondary bile acid biosynthesis in high-fat fed mice.

关键词： High-fat diet Voluntary wheel running Gut microbiota Metabolomics Glucose metabolism

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Optimal Synthesis of the Stephenson-Ⅱ Linkage for Finger Exoskeleton Using Swarm-based Optimization Algorithms

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第4期20卷 1569-1584页

作者： Seyyed Mojtaba Varedi-Koulaei Masoud Mohammadi Mohammad Amin Malek Mohammadi Mahdi Bamdad Corrective exercise and Rehabilitation laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringShahrood University of TechnologyShahrood***Iran Department of health Science and Technology Aalborg University9220AalborgDenmark

Active exoskeletons have been widely investigated to supplement and restore human hand movements,but a significant limitation is that they have a complicated design requiring multi *** Degree-Of-Freedom(DOF)planar linkage mechanisms could be used with simple *** research represents the design and optimization of a mechanism proposed for a finger exoskeleton bionic *** DOF six-bar linkage Stephenson-II is selected,and a motion-generation mechanism synthesis problem is *** design is based on the data obtained from the flexion/extension motion of the index finger through 16 precision points and 16 angles for each phalange associated with the fingertip *** explaining the kinematic analysis of the Stephenson-II,an evaluation of swarm intelligence techniques,including PSO,GWO,and ARO algorithms for solving optimization problems,is *** algorithm demonstrates the best performance among ***,the optimized mechanism in this study has a 50% error reduction compared to the one previously designed(Bataller et *** Mech Mach Theory 105:31-43,2016).

关键词： Mechanism synthesis Bionic Finger exoskeleton PSO GWO ARO

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Effects of Acute exercise on Verbal, Mathematical, and Spatial Insight Creativity

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Journal of Science in Sport and exercise 2023年第1期5卷 87-96页

作者： Myungjin Jung Emily Frith Minsoo Kang Paul D.Loprinzi exercise and Memory laboratory Department of HealthExercise Science and Recreation ManagementThe University of MississippiUniversityOxfordMS 38677USA health and Sport Analytics laboratory Department of HealthExercise Science and Recreation ManagementThe University of MississippiUniversityOxfordMS 38677USA Center for healthy Aging College of Health and Human DevelopmentPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

This experiment was designed to accommodate the diversified verbal,mathematical,and spatial skills of young adults,which have not yet to be collectively evaluated in research projects focused on acute exercise and creativity among college *** emerging research suggests that acute moderate-intensity exercise may influence human creativity,creativity during and after exercise has not been experimentally *** differences are plausible,as previous work demonstrates that memory can be differentially influenced based on whether the memory task occurs during or after ***,the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute moderate‐intensity treadmill walking,for 15 min,on verbal,mathematical,and spatial insight creativity performance while considering the timing of the exercise and creativity *** a sample of 20 undergraduate students,all completed three randomized laboratory visits in this within-subjects design:control condition,insight problem-solving following exercise,and insight problem-solving during *** also completed six insight creativity tasks(two verbal,two mathematical,and two spatial tasks)per visit,with the order of task-presentation randomized and counterbalanced across the three *** insight creativity scores were similar across the three exercise manipulations:That is,verbal insight[F(2,18)=0.689,P=0.51],mathematical insight[F(2,18)=0.033,P=0.97],and spatial insight[F(2,18)=1.0,P=0.38]performance were not statistically significant across the three ***,moderate-intensity acute exercise may not appreciably influence verbal,mathematical or spatial insight creativity.

关键词： Convergent thinking Creativity research methodology Embodied cognition Executive function Physical activity

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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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The Effects of High-Intensity Acute exercise on Face-Name Memory in healthy Young Adults

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Journal of Science in Sport and exercise 2022年第2期4卷 188-193页

作者： Morgan Gilbert Paul D.Loprinzi exercise and Memory laboratory Department of HealthExercise Scienceand Recreation ManagementThe University of Mississippi229 Turner CenterUniversityOxfordMS 38677USA

The majority of previous research evaluating the effects of acute exercise on episodic memory function have focused on explicit memory tasks involving word-list *** a more real-world application,the present experiment evaluates whether high-intensity acute exercise can improve episodic memory function of incidentally processed information as well as increase one’s ability to remember names associated with faces(face-name paradigm).A two-arm,parallel-group,randomized controlled intervention was ***(N=91;M_(age)=20 years)were randomized into one of two groups,including an experimental group and a control *** experimental group exercised for 20 min on a treadmill at a high-intensity(75%of heart rate reserve),while the control group engaged in a seated,time-matched *** memory was assessed from an intentional processing face-name paradigm in which participants encoded and subsequently recalled names that were paired with *** memory for incidentally processed information was evaluated with a computerized program involving spatial-temporal *** mean(SD)number of correctly recalled face-name pairs between the exercise and control groups,respectively,for immediate memory were 11.16(4.4)and 9.79(4.3),P>*** were similar for incidentally processed information,in that there were no differences between the exercise[7.30(1.7)]and control[7.52(1.9)]groups,P>***,we did not observe evidence that high-intensity acute exercise improves episodic memory for incidentally or intentionally processed information.

关键词： Cognition Cognitive function Physical activity

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Recent studies of atomic-resolution structures of tau protein and structure-based inhibitors

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Quantitative Biology 2022年第1期10卷 17-34页

作者： Lili Zhu Zhenyu Qian Key laboratory of exercise and health Sciences(Ministry of Education)and School of Kinesiology Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Background:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is one of the most popular *** tangles and senile plaques are-widely recognized as the pathological hallmarks of AD,which are mainly composed of tau andβ-amyloid(Aβ)*** failures of drugs targeting Aβhave led scientists to scrutinize the crucial impact of tau in neurodegenerative *** or abnormal phosphorylated tau protein loses affinity with microtubules and assembles into pathological *** aggregation process closely correlates to two amyloidogenic core of PHF6(^(306)VQIVYK^(311))and PHF6*(^(275)VQILNK^(280))***,tau accumulations display diverse morphological characteristics in different diseases,which increases the difficulty of providing a unifying neuropathological criterion for early ***:This review mainly summarizes atomic-resolution structures of tau protein in the monomeric,oligomeric and fibrillar states,as well as the promising inhibitors designed to prevent tau aggregation or disaggregate tau accumulations,recently revealed by experimental and computational *** also systematically sort tau functions,their relationship with tau structures and the potential pathological processes of tau ***:The current progress on tau structures at atomic level of detail expands our understanding of tau aggregation and related *** discuss the difficulties in determining the source of neurotoxicity and screening effective *** hope this review will inspire new clues for designing medicines against tau aggregation and shed light on AD diagnosis and therapies.

关键词： tau paired helical filaments inhibitor cryo-electron microscopy molecular dynamics simulation

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