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On COVID-19-safety ranking of seats in intercontinental commercial aircrafts:A preliminary multiphysics computational perspective

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Building Simulation 2021年第6期14卷 1585-1596页

作者： Prathamesh S.Desai Nihar Sawant Andrew Keene Mechanical Engineering W.M.Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA courant institute of mathematical sciences New York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPAUSA

The evolution of coronavirus disease(COVID-19)into a pandemic has severely hampered the usage of public transit *** a post-COVID-19 world,we may see an increased reliance on autonomous cars and personal rapid transit(PRT)systems,with inherent physical distancing,over buses,trains and aircraft for intracity,intercity,and interstate ***,air travel would continue to be the dominant mode of intercontinental transportation for *** this study,we perform a comprehensive computational analysis,using ANSYS Fluent,of typical intercontinental aircraft ventilation systems to determine the seat where environmental factors are most conducive to human comfort with regards to air quality,protection from orally or nasally released pollutants such as CO_(2)and coronavirus,and thermal comfort *** velocity,temperature,and air pollutant concentration emitted from the nose/mouth of fellow travelers are considered for both Boeing and Airbus *** each plane,first class,business class,and economy class sections were *** present conclusions as to which is the optimum seat in each section of each plane and provide the data of the environmental conditions to support our *** findings may be used by the general public to decide which seat to occupy for their next intercontinental ***,the commercial airliners can use such a model to plan the occupancy of the aircraft on long-duration intercontinental flights(viz.,Airbus A380 and Boeing B747).

关键词： COVID-19 airborne coronavirus particles multiphysics simulation indoor air quality thermal comfort intercontinental aircraft

In-situ interfacial passivation and self-adaptability synergistically stabilizing all-solid-state lithium metal batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 282-292,I0007页

作者： Huanhui Chen Xing Cao Moujie Huang Xiangzhong Ren Yubin Zhao Liang Yu Ya Liu Liubiao Zhong Yejun Qiu Shenzhen Engineering Lab of Flexible Transparent Conductive Films School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060GuangdongChina School of Resource and Environmental sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina

The function of solid electrolytes and the composition of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)are highly significant for inhibiting the growth of Li ***,we report an in-situ interfacial passivation combined with self-adaptability strategy to reinforce Li_(0.33)La_(0.557)TiO_(3)(LLTO)-based solid-state ***,a functional SEI enriched with LiF/Li_(3)PO_(4) is formed by in-situ electrochemical conversion,which is greatly beneficial to improving interface compatibility and enhancing ion *** the polarized dielectric BaTiO_(3)-polyamic acid(BTO-PAA,BP)film greatly improves the Li-ion transport kinetics and homogenizes the Li *** expected,the resulting electrolyte offers considerable ionic conductivity at room temperature(4.3 x 10~(-4)S cm^(-1))and appreciable electrochemical decomposition voltage(5.23 V)after electrochemical *** Li-LiFePO_(4) batteries,it shows a high specific capacity of 153 mA h g^(-1)at 0.2C after 100 cycles and a long-term durability of 115 mA h g^(-1)at 1.0 C after 800 ***,a stable Li plating/stripping can be achieved for more than 900 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2).The stabilization mechanisms are elucidated by ex-situ XRD,ex-situ XPS,and ex-situ FTIR techniques,and the corresponding results reveal that the interfacial passivation combined with polarization effect is an effective strategy for improving the electrochemical *** present study provides a deeper insight into the dynamic adjustment of electrode-electrolyte interfacial for solid-state lithium batteries.

关键词： Solid-state lithium batteries Composite solid electrolyte In-situ polymerization Interfacial passivation layer Self-adaptability

Alternaria TeA toxin activates a chloroplast retrograde signaling pathway to facilitate JAdependent pathogenicity

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Plant Communications 2024年第3期5卷 123-140页

作者： Jiale Shi He Wang Mengping Li Liru Mi Yazhi Gao Sheng Qiang Yu Zhang Dan Chen Xinbin Dai Hongyu Ma Huan Lu Chanhong Kim Shiguo Chen Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory Noble Research Institute2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK 73401USA College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Botany and Plant Biology University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland

The chloroplast is a critical battleground in the arms race between plants and *** microbe-secreted mycotoxins,tenuazonic acid(TeA),produced by the genus Alternaria and other phytopathogenic fungi,inhibits photosynthesis,leading to a burst of photosynthetic singlet oxygen(1O2)that is implicated in damage and chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde *** the signicant crop damage caused by Alternaria pathogens,our understanding of the molecular mechanism by which TeA promotes pathoge-nicity and cognate plant defense responses remains *** now reveal that *** induces necrotrophic foliar lesions by harnessing exECUTER1(ex1)/ex2-mediated chloroplast-to-nucleus retro-grade signaling activated by TeA toxin–derived photosynthetic 1O2 in Arabidopsis *** of the 1O2-sensitive ex1-W643 residue or complete deletion of the ex1 singlet oxygen sensor domain compro-mises expression of 1O2-responsive nuclear genes and foliar *** also found that TeA toxin rapidly induces nuclear genes implicated in jasmonic acid(JA)synthesis and signaling,and ex1-mediated retro-grade signaling appears to be critical for establishing a signaling cascade from 1O2 to *** present study sheds new light on the foliar pathogenicity of ***,during which ex1-dependent 1O2 signaling in-duces JA-dependent foliar cell death.

关键词： TeA mycotoxin Alternaria pathogen chloroplast singlet oxygen retrograde signaling jasmonic acid

Global Solutions of the Evolutionary Faddeev Model with Small Initial Data

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2011年第2期27卷 309-328页

作者： Zhen LEI Fang Hua LIN Yi ZHOU School of mathematical sciences LMNS and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Contemporary Applied Mathematics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China courant institute of Mathematics New York University NY 10012 USA

We consider the Cauchy problem for evolutionary Faddeev model corresponding to maps from the Minkowski space R^1＋n to the unit sphere S2, which obey a system of non-linear wave equations. The nonlinearity enjoys the null structure and contains semi-linear terms, quasi-linear terms and unknowns themselves. We prove that the Cauchy problem is globally well-posed for sufficiently small initial data in Sobolev space.

关键词： Faddeev model global existence quasi-linear wave equations semi-linear wave equations

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纳米氧化铜片用于高效电化学还原一氧化氮

Science China Materials 2024年第6期67卷 1876-1881页

作者：邵加奇魏鹏飞王硕宋延鹏付云凡李荣坦张小敏汪国雄包信和 State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyiChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

一氧化氮电还原反应将工业废气转化为有价值的氨,表现出极具潜力的应用前景.在本工作中,我们合成了具有高比表面积和丰富缺陷的氧化铜纳米片催化剂,在流动池中氨法拉第效率达到92.1%,在-0.2 V ***时,一氧化氮电还原电流密度和氨的生产... 详细信息

一氧化氮电还原反应将工业废气转化为有价值的氨,表现出极具潜力的应用前景.在本工作中,我们合成了具有高比表面积和丰富缺陷的氧化铜纳米片催化剂,在流动池中氨法拉第效率达到92.1%,在-0.2 V ***时,一氧化氮电还原电流密度和氨的生产速率分别达到1.1 A cm^(-2)和7356μmol cm^(-2)h^(-1).在电流密度超过400 m A cm-2时,氨法拉第效率在50小时保持在80%以上.准原位X射线光电子能谱和原位X射线吸收光谱结果表明氧化铜纳米片在一氧化氮电还原过程中被电化学还原成单质铜.与铜纳米颗粒相比,氧化铜纳米片展现出较高的电化学表面积和一氧化氮电还原的内在活性.

关键词： electrocatalytic NORR ammonia synthesis electro-catalysis CuO nanosheets

Biofabrication of nanocomposite-based scaffolds containing human bone extracellularmatrix for the differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang-Hee Kim Janos M.Kanczler Stuart Lanham Andrew Rawlings Marta Roldo Gianluca Tozzi Jonathan I.Dawson Gianluca Cidonio Richard O.C.Oreffo Faculty of Medicine Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK Center for Life Nano-and Neuro-Science(CLN2S) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autograft or metal implants are routinely used in skeletal ***,they fail to provide long-term clinical resolution,necessitating a functional biomimetic tissue engineering *** use of native human bone tissue for synthesizing a biomimeticmaterial inkfor three-dimensional(3D)bioprintingof skeletal tissueis anattractivestrategyfor ***,human bone extracellular matrix(bone-ECM)offers an exciting potential for the development of an appropriate microenvironment for human bone marrow stromal cells(HBMSCs)to proliferate and differentiate along the osteogenic *** this study,we engineered a novel material ink(LAB)by blending human bone-ECM(B)with nanoclay(L,Laponite®)and alginate(A)polymers using extrusion-based *** inclusion of the nanoﬁller and polymeric material increased the rheology,printability,and drug retention properties and,critically,the preservation of HBMSCs viability upon *** composite of human bone-ECM-based 3D constructs containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)enhanced vascularization after implantation in an ex vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane(CAM)*** inclusion of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)with the HBMSCs further enhanced vascularization and mineralization after only seven *** study demonstrates the synergistic combination of nanoclay with biomimetic materials(alginate and bone-ECM)to support the formation of osteogenic tissue both in vitro and ex vivo and offers a promising novel 3D bioprinting approach to personalized skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： extracellular matrix Nanoclay Bone 3D bioprinting

重温Schoen-Uhlenbeck正则性定理

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中国科学：数学 2017年第10期47卷 1199-1206页

作者：林芳华 courant institute of mathematical sciences New York University

Schoen和Uhlenbeck创立的能量极小化调和映射的正则性理论是一项奠基性成果,本文对其主要结果给出了证明.这里的证明更直接且更符合直觉,还可以应用到一些其他相关的几何变分问题.

关键词：调和映射能量最小化正则性和紧性

Effect of microalloying on wettability and interface characteristics of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses with W substrate

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China Foundry 2024年第4期21卷 352-359页

作者： Zhen Zhang Lin-na Feng Jin-he Wang Zheng-kun Li Hua-meng Fu Hong Li Zheng-wang Zhu Hai-feng Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of TechnologyShenyang 110870China Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110004China

The infiltration casting method is widely employed for the preparation of ex-situ composite ***,the production of composite materials using this method must necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the wettability and interface characteristics between the reinforcing phase and the bulk metallic glasses(BMGs).This work optimized the composition of Zr-based BMGs through microalloying methods,resulting in a new set of Zr-based BMGs with excellent glass-forming *** experiments between the Zr-based BMGs melts and W substrates were conducted using the traditional sessile drop method,and the interfaces were characterized utilizing a scanning electron microscope(SEM)equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The work demonstrates that the microalloying method substantially enhances the wettability of the Zr-based BMGs ***,the incorporation of Nb element impedes the formation of W-Zr phases,but the introduction of Nb element does not alter the extent of interdiffusion between the constituent elements of the amorphous matrix and W element,indicating that the influence of Nb element on the diffusion of individual elements is minute.

关键词： Zr-based BMGs infiltration casting method wettability interface characteristics W-Zr phases

Does community-based health insurance affect lifestyle and timing of treatment seeking behavior?Evidence from Ethiopia

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Global Health Journal 2024年第2期8卷 83-90页

作者： Zecharias Fetene Anteneh Anagaw D.Mebratie Zemzem Shigute Getnet Alemu Arjun S.Bedi Center for Health Economics University of YorkYorkUnited Kingdom School of Public Health College of Health SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia International institute of Social Studies Erasmus University Rotterdamthe Haguethe Netherlands institute of Development and Policy Research Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Objectives This paper aims to investigate the effects of enrollment in the Ethiopian community-based health insurance(CBHI)scheme on household preventive care activities and the timing of treatment-seeking behavior for illness *** is growing concern about the financial sustainability of CBHI schemes in developing ***,few empirical studies have identified potential contributors,including ex-ante and ex-post moral *** We implement a household fixed-effect panel data regression model,drawing on three rounds of household survey data collected face to face in districts where CBHI scheme is operational and in districts where it is not operational in *** The findings show that enrolment in CBHI does not significantly influence household behaviour regarding preventive care activities such as water treatment before drinking and handwashing before ***,CBHI significantly increases delay in treatment-seeking behaviour for diseases ***,on average,we estimate about 4-6 h delay for malaria symptoms,a little above 4 h for tetanus,and 10-11 h for tuberculosis among the insured *** While there is evidence that CBHI improve the utilization of outpatient or primary care services,our study suggests that insured members may wait longer before visiting health *** delay could be partly due to moral hazard problems,as insured households,particularly those from rural areas,may consider the opportunity costs associated with visiting health facilities for minor ***,it is essential to identify the primary causes of delays in seeking medical services and implement appropriate interventions to encourage insured individuals to seek early medical attention.

关键词： Community-based health insurance Financial sustainability Preventive care Treatment-seeking behavior Household fixed effect Ethiopia