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Rebuilding transformation strategies in post-Ebola epidemics in Africa

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 617-623页

作者： Ernest Tambo Chryseis F.Chengho Chidiebere E.Ugwu Isatta Wurie Jeannetta K.Jonhson Jeanne Y.Ngogang Higher Institute of Health Sciences Universitedes MontagnesBangangteCameroon Africa Disease Intelligence and Surveillance Communication and Response(Africa DISCoR)InstituteYaoundeCameroon Department of Health and Life Sciences University of CoventryCoventryLeicesterUK Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Department of Human BiochemistryNnamdiAzikiwe University AwkaNnewi CampusAwkaNigeria Department of Chemical Pathology College of Medicine and Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sierra LeoneFreetownSierra Leone Public Health Development initiative(PHDI) MonroviaLiberia

Rebuilding transformation strategies in post-Ebola epidemics in West Africa requires long-term surveillance and strengthening health system preparedness to disease *** paper assesses reconstruction efforts from socio-cultural,economic and ecological transformation response approaches and strategies in improving sustainable survivors and affected communities livelihood and wellbeing.A comprehensive approach is required in the recovery and rebuilding *** in rebuilding transformation requires fostering evidence-based and effective engaging new investors partnership strengthening,financing community-based programmes ownership,novel socio-economic innovations strategies and tools against the evolving and future Ebola ***,there should be improved community partnership,health and economic rebuilding programmes to address mistrust and care underutilization,poverty and care access inequity at all *** effective post-Ebola national‘One Health’approach coupled with climate change mitigation and adaptations strategies is urgent public health needs aiming at improving the quality healthcare access,delivery trust and uptake in anticipation of EVD immunization program,productivity and emerging economy.

关键词： Recovery Reconstruction Ecological Transformation Ebola Preparedness Resilience Response Africa

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Morbi-Mortality Linked to Unsafe Abortions—Difficulties in Accessing Safe Abortions in Cameroon: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第2期13卷 342-359页

作者： Florent Ymele Fouelifack Mosman Anyimbi Ofeh Jenny Ornella Manewoun Nsen Abeng Christophe Saha Lontsi Mvong Vendeline Amaelle Goretti Guy Sadeu Wafeu Robinson Enow Mbu Department of Surgery and Specialties at the Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom Yaoundé Cameroon Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Maga District Hospital Maga Cameroon Public Health of Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom Yaoundé Cameroon CIVITAS Cameroon Human Rights and Humanitarian Action Yaoundé Cameroon Public Health Option Epidemiology Yaoundé Cameroon Information Communication and Technology American University Yaoundé Cameroon Centre for the Development of Best Practices in Health (CDBPSH) National Coordinator of Building Medical Research in Africa (BMR Africa) Yaoundé Cameroon Family Health Ministry of Public Health Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: Unsafe abortions are one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, especially in developing countries. In Cameroon, the maternal mortality rate remains high, and the scarcity of data on abortions leads to a lack of solid evidence to advocate on the extent of the abortions related complications. Our objective was to evaluate the unsafe abortions related complications, and to assess the difficulties of accessing safe abortions in our setting. Methods: We carried out a meta-analytic and systematic review in the biomedical databases MEDLINE (Pubmed), Google Scholar and African Journal Online concerning unsafe abortions and/or difficulties in accessing safe abortions in Cameroon. The keywords used for the search are seen in table I. Selection of studies was simultaneously done by two authors. Data were extracted through a form designed on Google Form. We used a random-effect model for proportion estimation, and The I2 and Q statistics to assess the extent of heterogeneity. Results: A total of 430 studies were identified, from which 28 were included and analysed. About 5% (95% CI: 3 - 7) of unsafe abortions leads to death. The contribution of unsafe abortions in maternal deaths was 23% (95% CI: 20 - 27). The rate of severe bleeding and/or anemia were 40% (95% CI: 18 - 63) and the rate of infection was 17% (95% CI: 7 - 28), dominated by pelvic infections, pelviperitonitis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. Case reports described uterine perforations, uterine rupture during the following pregnancy. Abortion was performed in the practitioner’s or patient’s home in 41.4% of cases, in a health center in 35.1% of cases, in a private clinic in 21.2% of cases, drugs selling places and in traditional healer clinics. The restriction of abortion laws, the stigma surrounding abortion and its consequences at any level of the society, lead to the underreporting of unsafe abortions and a deep reluctance to advocate for safe abortion services. Conclusion: The str

关键词： Morbi-Mortality Unsafe Difficulties Access Safe Abortion Cameroon

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New Material Development for Aircraft Landing Gears through Sumitomo’s Landing Gear Design Experiences

New Material Development for Aircraft Landing Gears through ...

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2010亚太航空航天技术研讨会

作者： Norio Takahashi Toyohiro Sato Shinichi Nakatsuka Shoji Iwai Business initiative & Research Department-Composite Material Sumitomo Precision Products Co.Ltd Engineering Department-Aerospace Sumitomo Precision Products Co.Ltd110 FusoChoAmagasakiHyogo6600891Japan

＜正＞Over the past 20 years Sumitomo Precision Products（SPP） has developed Landing Gears and Actuators for several Commercial Aircraft Programs,such as GulfstreamⅣ/Ⅴ,Airbus A330/340,A340600,and CRJ700/900/*** SPP is designing and developing the Landing Gear System for the Mitsubishi Regional *** its design and development experiences,SPP is increasingly using Ultrahigh Strength Steel 300M to reduce total Landing Gear ***,if the component made from 300M material is not designed,manufactured and processed properly,then corrosion problems and the fatigue problem may occur during the inservice life of the *** problems may vary and depend heavily on the aircraft operation and maintenance actions as well as actual environment operator by *** severe corrosion or fatigue problems occur,costly maintenance action such as the replacement and/or repair of the Unit or parts shall be requested by the *** action wastes much money and *** order to avoid these potential problems with 300M,SPP has started to develop new,corrosion resistant materials to replace *** of the solutions,SPP has developed,is an Ultrahigh Strength Stainless Steel for Landing Gear *** another solution,SPP is continuing its research in the area of Polymer Matrix Composites（PMC） and Metal Matrix Composites（MMC）.SPP presents the typical mechanical properties and anticorrosion characteristic of the Ultrahigh Strength Stainless Steel for Landing Gear *** addition,following comparisons of the design performance of PMC and MMC by test and analysis,SPP has decided to focus its research activity on the development of Metal Matrix Composite components for use on future Commercial Aircraft Landing Gear.

关键词： Landing gear,300M new material stainless steel metal matrix composite polymer matrix composite

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Clinical effects of antidiabetic drugs on psoriasis:The perspective of evidence-based medicine

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world Journal of Diabetes 2021年第8期12卷 1141-1145页

作者： Mei-Xian Zhang Bo-Yuan Zheng Hai-Xiao Chen Ching-Wen Chien evidence-based Medicine Center Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou Medical UniversityLinhai 317000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Public Laboratory Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou Medical UniversityLinhai 317000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Institute for Hospital Management Tsing Hua UniversityShenzhen CampusShenzhen 518055Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Orthopedics Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou Medical UniversityLinhai 317000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

Psoriasis and diabetes shared common underlying pathophysiological *** data suggested that antidiabetic medications may improve the psoriasis severity in patients with diabetes *** hypoglycemic agents including thiazolidinediones,glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists,dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors,and biguanides have been reported to make a remarkable reduction in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score from *** antipsoriatic effect could be mediated not only by the glucoselowering action of these agents but also via inhibition of keratinocyte over proliferation,increase expression of differentiation markers,suppression the immune inflammatory pathway,and blocking the calcium channels and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling *** the other hand,there was no significant increase in adverse reactions associated with the treatment of pioglitazone or ***,previous studies often had the relatively short duration of the trials,and did not have enough power to assess recurrence of *** bias in the study and missing data could undermine the reliability of the ***,the appropriately randomized controlled studies with large sample sizes and long-term durations in various psoriasis patients are warranted for further support.

关键词： Psoriasis Hypoglycemic agents Thiazolidinediones Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors Biguanides Antipsoriatic effect evidence-based medicine

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Development and preliminary verification of the evaluation system for clinical practice guidelines in China

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2020年第2期6卷 134-139页

作者： Ji-Yao Wang Qiang Wang Xiao-Qin Wang Xue-Juan Jin Bo-Heng Zhang Shi-Yao Chen Xue-Cheng Gao Department of Gastroenterology Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China evidence-based Medicine Center Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Medical Management Center of the National Health and Family Planning Commission Beijing 100191China Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Hematology Huas han HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Liver Cancer Institute.Zhongshan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Objective:Clinical practice guidelines can improve healthcare processes and patient outcomes;however,the quality of these guidelines varies greatly in *** aim of this study was to construct a comprehensive instrument for the appraisal of clinical practice guidelines in China(AGREE-CHINA),and to validate its reliability as a tool for helping potential guideline users in assessing guideline ***:First,an interdisciplinary working group was established for developing the *** also created a checklist as a tool according to the Appraisal of Guidelines,Research and EvaluationⅡ(AGREEⅡ)standards,considering the particularity of Chinese clinical ***,the first draft of AGREE-China was developed by vote,modification,preliminary trial,and *** ensure the objectivity,credibility,and reproducibility of the draft assessment,all of the checklists and standards were cross-reviewed fairly *** ally,AGREE-CHINA and AGREEⅡwere used to assess the Chinese guideli nes published in the past five years,and the results were ***:The presented AGREE-CHINA covered five main checkpoints(science and rigor,effectiveness and safety,economy,usability and feasibility,and conflicts of interest)with each point divided into several more specific *** and rationales for each main checkpoint appear in the *** quality ratings based on the total scores of AGREE-China and AGREEⅡwere consistent(r=0.508,P=0.020).Compared with AGREEⅡ,the study showed a higher level of interraterreliability for AGREE-CHINA overall(ICC=0.957,Paction was generally ***:This paper has presented the first edition of the AGREE-CHINA appraisal tool for clinical *** is quick and easy to use;it assesses and performs well in comparison to AGREEⅡ.This first version of AGREE-CHINA

关键词： Appraisal of guidelines research and evaluation China Development Verification

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世界卫生组织打击假冒医药产品行动

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中国新药杂志 2008年第1期17卷 91-93页

作者： Valerio Reggi 卜擎燕(译) Department of Technical Cooperation for Essential Drugs and Traditional Medicine World Health Organization 南京中医药大学附属医院临床药理科南京210029

假冒医药产品的危害很大,但尚无切实可靠的数据能反映这一问题的存在范围与严重程度,对其重视程度也远远不够。国际药品打假工作小组(IMPACT)是由世界卫生组织发起的打击假药的专项工作组,聚集了所有最重要的国际行动者,旨在协调国际有... 详细信息

假冒医药产品的危害很大,但尚无切实可靠的数据能反映这一问题的存在范围与严重程度,对其重视程度也远远不够。国际药品打假工作小组(IMPACT)是由世界卫生组织发起的打击假药的专项工作组,聚集了所有最重要的国际行动者,旨在协调国际有关方面,打击假冒医药产品,目标是促进和保护公众健康,重点在立法和行政管理的基础结构、行政管理的实施、执法、打假技术和信息交流5个方面采取行动。

关键词：假冒医药产品国际药品打假工作小组世界卫生组织

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Long-term spaceflight and the cardiovascular system

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2020年第4期3卷 284-291页

作者： Nicholas A.Vernice Cem Meydan Ebrahim Afshinnekoo Christopher E.Mason The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell Medicine1305 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine1300 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10021USA The WordQuant initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell Medicine1300 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10021USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell Medicine1300 York Avenue New YorkNY 10021USA

While early investigations into the physiological effects of spaceflight suggest the body’s ability to reversibly adapt,the corresponding effects of long-term spaceflight(>6months)aremuch less *** exposure to microgravity and radiation yields profound effects on the cardiovascular system,including a massive cephalad fluid translocation and altered arterial pressure,which attenuate blood pressure regulatory mechanisms and increase cardiac ***,central venous pressure decreases as a result of the loss of venous *** stimulation of baroreceptors by the cephalad shift results in an approximately 10%–15%reduction in plasma volume,with fluid translocating from the vascular lumen to the *** possible increases in cardiac workload,myocyte atrophy and notable,yet unexplained,alterations in hematocrit have been *** is postulated to result from shunting of protein synthesis from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria via mortalin-mediated *** data are scarce regarding their causative agents,arrhythmias have been frequently reported,albeit sublethal,during both Russian and American expeditions,with QT interval prolongation observed in long,but not short duration,*** of the heart to the proton and heavy ion radiation of deep space has also been shown to result in coronary artery degeneration,aortic stiffness,carotid intima thickening via collagen-mediated action,accelerated atherosclerosis,and induction of a pro-inflammatory *** return,long-term spaceflight frequently results in orthostatic intolerance and altered sympathetic responses,which can prove hazardous should any rapidmobilization or evacuation be required,and indicates that these cardiac risks should be especially monitored for future missions.

关键词： microgravity cardiovascular system spaceflight aerospace medicine

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Parallel effects of β-adrenoceptor blockade on cardiac function and fatty acid oxidation in the diabetic heart: Confronting the maze

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world Journal of Cardiology 2011年第9期3卷 281-302页

作者： Vijay Sharma John H McNeill Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia BMJ evidence Centre BMJ Group BMA House Tavistock Square London WC1H 9JR United Kingdom Department of Pathology Aberdeen Medical School Buildings Aberdeen Royal Infirmary

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a disease process in which diabetes produces a direct and continuous myocardial insult even in the absence of ischemic, hypertensive or valvular disease. The β-blocking agents bisoprolol, carvedilol and metoprolol have been shown in large-scale randomized controlled trials to reduce heart failure mortality. In this review, we summarize the results of our studies investigating the effects of β-blocking agents on cardiac function and metabolism in diabetic heart failure, and the complex inter-related mechanisms involved. Metoprolol inhibits fatty acid oxidation at the mitochondrial level but does not prevent lipotoxicity; its benefi cial effects are more likely to be due to prosurvival effects of chronic treatment. These studies have expanded our understanding of the range of effects produced by β-adrenergic blockade and showhow interconnected the signaling pathways of function and metabolism are in the heart. Although our initial hypothesis that inhibition of fatty acid oxidation would be a key mechanism of action was disproved, unexpected results led us to some intriguing regulatory mechanisms of cardiac metabolism. The fi rst was upstream stimulatory factor-2-mediated repression of transcriptional master regulator PGC-1α, most likely occurring as a consequence of the improved function; it is unclear whether this effect is unique to β-blockers, although repression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1 has not been reported with other drugs which improve function. The second was the identif ication of a range of covalent modifications which can regulate CPT-1 directly, mediated by a signalome at the level of the mitochondria. We also identif ied an important interaction between β-adrenergic signaling and caveolins, which may be a key mechanism of action of β-adrenergic blockade. Our experience with this labyrinthine signaling web illustrates that initial hypotheses and anticipat-ed directions do not have to be right in order to open up

关键词： Diabetes Heart failure β-blockers Cardiac metabolism Fatty acid oxidation

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Report of the first international workshop on onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 238-242页

作者： Robert Colebunders Michel Mandro Alfred K.Njamnshi Michel Boussinesq An Hotterbeekx Joseph Kamgno Sarah O’Neill Adrian Hopkins Patrick Suykerbuyk Maria-Gloria Basanez Rory J.Post Belen Pedrique Pierre-Marie Preux Wilma A.Stolk Thomas B.Nutman Richard Idro Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Provincial Health Division of Ituri BuniaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Department of Neurology Yaounde Central Hospital/University of Yaounde 1Brain Research Africa Initiative(BRAIN)YaoundeCameroon Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement(IRD) MontpellierFrance Centre for Research on Filariasis and other Tropical Diseases(CRFilMT) and Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaounde 1YaoundeCameroon Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Neglected and Disabling Diseases of Poverty Consultant KentUK London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research Imperial College LondonLondonUK London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine and Liverpool John Moores University LondonUK Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative GenevaSwitzerland Preux Pierre-Marie INSERMUniversity LimogesCHU LimogesUMR_S 1094Tropical NeuroepidemiologyInstitute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical NeurologyCNRS FR 3503 GEIST87000 LimogesFrance Department of Public Health Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA Makerere University College of Health SciencesKampalaUganda

Background:Recently,several epidemiological studies performed in Onchocerca volvulus-endemic regions have suggested that onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)may constitute an important but neglected public health problem in many countries where onchocerciasis is still *** text:On October 12-14th 2017,the first international workshop on onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)was held in Antwerp,*** workshop was attended by 79 participants from 20 different *** research findings strongly suggest that *** is an important contributor to epilepsy,particularly in meso-and hyperendemic areas for *** with *** is associated with a spectrum of epileptic seizures,mainly generalised tonic-clonic seizures but also atonic neck seizures(nodding),and stunted *** is characterised by an onset of seizures between the ages of 3-18 *** working groups discussed topics such as how to 1)strengthen the evidence for an association between onchocerciasis and epilepsy,2)determine the burden of disease caused by OAE,3)prevent OAE,4)improve the treatment/care for persons with OAE and affected families,5)identify the pathophysiological mechanism of OAE,and 6)deal with misconceptions,stigma,discrimination and gender violence associated with *** OAE Alliance was created to increase awareness about OAE and its public health importance,stimulate research and disseminate research findings,and create partnerships between OAE researchers,communities,advocacy groups,ministries of health,non-governmental organisations,the pharmaceutical industry and funding ***:Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying OAE remains unknown,there is increasing evidence that by controlling and eliminating onchocerciasis,OAE will also ***,OAE constitutes an additional argument for strengthening onchocerciasis elimination *** the high numbers of people with epilepsy

关键词： Onchocerciasis Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Nakalanga syndrome Prevalence Burden of disease Africa

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Chronic hepatitis B-associated liver disease in the context of human immunodeficiency virus co-infection and underlying metabolic syndrome

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world Journal of Virology 2020年第5期9卷 54-66页

作者： Edina Amponsah-Dacosta Cynthia Tamandjou Tchuem Motswedi Anderson Vaccines for Africa initiative School of Public Health and Family MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape Town 7925Western CapeSouth Africa Health Economics Unit School of Public Health and Family MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape Town 7925Western CapeSouth Africa Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership GaboroneBotswana

Globally,a shift in the epidemiology of chronic liver disease has been *** has been mainly driven by a marked decline in the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection(CHB),with the greatest burden restricted to the Western Pacific and sub-Saharan African *** this is a growing burden of metabolic syndrome(MetS)worldwide.A disproportionate co-burden of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection is also reported in sub-Saharan Africa,which poses a further risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality in the *** reviewed the existing evidence base to improve current understanding of the effect of underlying MetS on the development and progression of chronic liver disease during CHB and HIV *** the mechanistic association between CHB and MetS remains poorly resolved,the evidence suggests that MetS may have an additive effect on the liver damage caused by *** HIV infected individuals,MetS-associated liver disease is emerging as an important cause of non-AIDS related morbidity and mortality despite antiretroviral therapy(ART).It is plausible that underlying MetS may lead to adverse outcomes among those with concomitant CHB and HIV ***,this remains to be explored through rigorous longitudinal studies,especially in sub-Saharan ***,there is a need for a comprehensive package of care that integrates ART programs with routine screening for MetS and promotion of lifestyle modification to ensure an improved quality of life among CHB and HIV coinfected individuals.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Human immunodeficiency virus Metabolic syndrome Fatty liver disease Chronic liver disease Sub-Sharan Africa

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