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Current Zoology 2011年第1期57卷 8-17页

作者： Cedric SUEUR Paul SALZE Christiane WEBER Odile PETIT Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University 08544 Princeton USA ethologie des primates Departement d'Ecologie Physiologie et Ethologie UMR 7178 CNRS-UdS 23 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France Laboratoire Image et Ville ERL 7230 CNRS-UdS 3 rue de l'Argonne 67000 Strasbourg France

Wild animals use their habitat according to ecological pressures such as predation, resource availability or tempera- ture, yet little is known about how individuals use their environment in semi free-ranging conditions. We assessed whether a semi-free ranging group of Tonkean macaques Macaca tonkeana used its wooded parkland in a heterogeneous way. GIS and GPS were used to determine whether individuals adjusted their behaviors according to variation in environmental constraints over time of day and the course of a year. We demonstrated that social and resting activities occurred in high altitude areas and areas with a high density of bushes, whereas the group foraged in areas where the density of bushes and grass was low. In general, the animals used areas exposed to the sun that were not on a slope. Semi-free ranging Tonkean macaques seemed to behave like their wild counterparts in terms of activity budget, land use per activity and thermoregulation

关键词： GPS GIS Temperature Topography Activity budget Spatial autocorrelation primates

Time till death affects spider mobility and web-building behavior during web construction in an orb-web spider

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Current Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 123-130页

作者： Mylene ANOTAUX Camille TOSCANI Raymond LEBORGNE Nicolas CHALINE Alain PASQUET Faculte des Sciences et Technologies Universite de Lorraine 54506 Vandoeuvre Nancy France Ecole nationale veterinaire d'Alfort Universite Paris-Est UMR 7179 CNRS MNHN Maisons-Alfort F-94704 France Laboratoire d'ethologie Experimentale et Comparee EA 4443 Universite Paris 13 99 avenue J.B. Clement 93430 Villetaneuse France Faculte des Sciences et Technologies Universite de Lorraine CNRS UR AFPA. B.P. 239 54506 Vandoeuvre Nancy France

It is well known that age influences organism mobility. This was demonstrated in vertebrates （such as mammals and birds） but has been less studied in invertebrates with the exception of Drosophila and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we studied the influence of age on the mobility of the orb-weaving spider Zygiella x-notata during web construction. The orb-web is a good model because it has a characteristic geometrical structure and video tracking can be used to easily follow the spider＇s movements during web building. We investigated the influence of age （specifically chronological age, life span, and time till death） on different parameters of spider mobility during the construction of the capture spiral （distance traveled, duration of construction, spider velocity, spider movement, and spider inactivity） with a generalized linear model （GLM） procedure adjusted for the spider mass. The re- sults showed that neither chronological age, nor life span affected the mobility parameters. However, when the time till death decreased, there was a decrease in the distance traveled, the duration of the construction of the capture spiral, and the spider movement. The spider velocity and the time of inactivity were not affected. These results could be correlated with a decrease in the length of the silky thread deposited for the construction of the capture spiral. Spiders with a shorter time till death built smaller web using less silk. Thus, our study suggests strongly that time till death affects spider mobility during web construction but not the chronological age and thus may be a good indicator of senescence.

关键词： ageing behaviors orb-web construction spider mobility Zygiella x-notata.

Female indris determine the rhythmic structure of the song and sustain a higher cost when the chorus size increases

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 89-97页

作者： Chiara De Gregorio Anna Zanoli Daria Valente Valeria Torti Giovanna Bonadonna Rose Marie Randrianarison Cristina Giacoma Marco Gamba Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi Universita di Torino via Accademia Albertina Torino Italia Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilita Ambientale Universita di Parma Parma Italia Group d'Ttude et de Recherche sur les primates de Madagascar (GERP) Antananarivo Madagascar Departement de Anthropobiologie et Developpement Durable Universite d'Antananarivo Faculte des Sciences Antananarivo Madagascar

Among the behavioral traits shared by some nonhuman primate species and humans there is singing. Unfortunately, our understanding of animals' rhythmic abilities is still in its infancy. Indris are the only lemurs who sing and live in monogamous pairs, usually forming a group with their offspri ng. All adult members of a group usually participate in choruses that are emitted regularly and play a role in advertising territorial occupa ncy and in tergroup spaci ng. Males and females emit phrases that have similar frequency ranges but may differ in their temporal structure. We examined whether the individuals' contribution to the song may change according to chorus size, the total duration of the song or the duration of the individual con tribution using the in ter-on set intervals within a phrase and between phrases. We found that the rhythmic structure of indri's songs depends on factors that are different for males and females. We showed that females have sigrdficantly higher variation in the rhythm of their contribution to the song and that, changes according to chorus size. Our findings indicate that female indris sustain a higher cost of singing than males whe n the nu mber of singers in creases. These results suggest that cross-species investigatio ns will be crucial to un derstanding the evoluti on ary frame in which such sexually dimorphic traits occurred.

关键词： chorus coordination duets lemurs singing synchrony

Local transgene expression and whole-body transgenesis to model brain diseases in nonhuman primate

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2019年第1期2卷 9-17页

作者： Lucie Chansel-Debordeaux Erwan Bezard Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives University of Bordeaux CNRS Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives CHU Bordeaux Service de Biologie de la reproduction-CECOS

Animal model is an essential tool in the life sciences research, notably in understanding the pathogenesis of the diseases and for further therapeutic intervention success. Rodents have been the most frequently used animals to model human disease since the establishment of gene manipulation technique. However, they remain inadequate to fully mimic the pathophysiology of human brain disease, partially due to huge differences between rodents and humans in terms of anatomy, brain function, and social behaviors. Nonhuman primates are more suitable in translational perspective. Thus, genetically modified animals have been generated to investigate neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The classical transgenesis technique is not efficient in that model; so, viral vector-mediated transgene delivery and the new genome-editing technologies have been promoted. In this review, we summarize some of the technical progress in the generation of an ad hoc animal model of brain diseases by gene delivery and real transgenic nonhuman primate.

关键词： animal models neuroscience nonhuman primates

Seasonal changes in the parasite prevalence of a small Malagasy lemur species (Lepilemur edwardsi)

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第3期18卷 427-439页

作者： Janina BETHGE Jean Claude RAZAFIMAMPIANDRA Arne WULFF Kathrin H.DAUSMANN Institute of Zoology Functional EcologyUniversität HamburgHamburgGermany Mention Zoologie et BiodiversitéAnimale Facultédes SciencesUniversitéd’AntananarivoAntananarivoMadagascar

Parasitic infections can impact theﬁtness of individuals and can have inﬂuence on animals’population *** individuals’parasite prevalence often changes depending on external or seasonal changes,for example,rainfall and ambient temperatures,but also on internal changes,for example,changes in body *** this study we aimed to identify the environmental factors that may inﬂuence the intestinal parasite and ectoparasite prevalence of the folivorous Malagasy primate species,Lepilemur edwardsi,living in a seasonal dry deciduous *** living in this habitat have to adapt to seasonal changes of ambient temperature,with almost no precipitation during the dry season and hence strongﬂuctuations of resource availability throughout the *** sampled the feces and ectoparasites of *** throughout the *** parasite prevalence increased from the wet to the dry season and was highest in the late dry season,which might be due to the accompanying decrease in diet ***,ectoparasite prevalence decreased in the dry season,presumably due to the prevailing unfavorable environmental conditions for the development of ectoparasites(i.e.,mites and ticks).Paired with the higher resting metabolism and stress level of *** during the late dry season,it seems that this species may struggle when dry seasons intensify in its habitat.

关键词： ectoparasites intestinal parasites Madagascar primates seasonality

Reassessment of historical sections from the Paleogene marine margin of the Congo Basin reveals an almost complete absence of Danian deposits

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 1039-1063页

作者： Floréal Solé Corentin Noiret Delphine desmares Sylvain Adnet Louis Taverne Thierry De Putter Florias Mees Johan Yans Thomas Steeman Stephen Louwye Annelise Folie Nancy J.Stevens Gregg F.Gunnell Daniel Baudet Nicole Kitambala Yaya Thierry Smith Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) Operational Directorate Earth and History of Life University of Namur (UNamur) Department of Geology Rue de Bruxelles 61 Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06 UMR 7207 (CR2P) UMR 5554-Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution Université Montpellier Place E.Bataillon Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA) Geodynamics and Mineral Resources Leuvensesteenweg 13 Ghent University (UGent) Department of Geology Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) Heritage Scientific Survey Ohio University Department of Biomedical Sciences Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine Duke University Lemur Center Division of Fossil Primates (DFP) Centre de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (CRGM) 44 av.de la Démocratie Kinshasa Gombe

The early Paleogene is critical for understanding global biodiversity patterns in modern ecosystems. During this interval, Southern Hemisphere continents were largely characterized by isolation and faunal endemism following the breakup of Gondwana. Africa has been proposed as an important source area for the origin of several marine vertebrate groups but its Paleogene record is poorly sampled, especially from sub-Saharan Africa. To document the early Paleogene marine ecosystems of Central Africa, we revised the stratigraphic context of sedimentary deposits from three fossil-rich vertebrate localities: the Landana section in the Cabinda exclave(Angola), and the Manzadi and Bololo localities in western Democratic Republic of *** provide more refined age constraints for these three localities based on invertebrate and vertebrate faunas, foraminiferal and dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, and carbon isotope records. We find an almost complete absence of Danian-aged rocks in the Landana section, contrary to prevailing interpretations over the last half a century(only the layer 1, at the base of the section, seems to be Danian). Refining the age of these Paleocene layers is crucial for analyzing fish evolution in a global framework, with implications for the early appearance of Scombridae(tunas and mackerels) and Tetraodontiformes(puffer fishes). The combination of vertebrate fossil records from Manzadi and Landana sections suggests important environmental changes around the K/Pg transition characterized by an important modification of the ichthyofauna. A small faunal shift may have occurred during the Selandian. More dramatic is the distinct decrease in overall richness that lasts from the Selandian to the Ypresian. The Lutetian of West Central Africa is characterized by the first appearance of numerous cartilaginous and bony fishes. Our analysis of the ichthyofauna moreover indicates two periods of faunal exchanges: one during the Paleocene, where Central Africa app

关键词： Central Africa Paleogene Stratigraphy Carbon isotope Planktonic foraminifera Vertebrates

Technology advancing the study of animalcognition： using virtual reality to presentvirtually simulated environments to investigatenonhuman primate spatial cognition

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 97-108页

作者： Francine L. DOLINS Kenneth SCHWELLER Scott MILNE Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn Dearborn MI 48128 USA Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative Des Moines IA USA Impact Madagascar Nanisana Antananarivo 101Madagascar Africa

Virtual simulated environments provide multiple ways of testing cognitive function and evaluatingproblem solving with humans （e.g., Woollett et al. 2009）. The use of such interactive technologyhas increasingly become an essential part of modern life （e.g., autonomously driving vehicles, glo-bal positioning systems （GPS）, and touchscreen computers; Chinn and Fairlie 2007; Brown 2011）.While many nonhuman animals have their own forms of technology, such as chimpanzees whocreate and use tools, in captive animal environments the opportunity to actively participate withinteractive technology is not often made available. Exceptions can be found in some state-of-the-art zoos and laboratory facilities （e.g., Mallavarapu and Kuhar 2005）. When interactive technologyis available, captive animals often selectively choose to engage with it. This enhances the animal＇ssense of control over their immediate surroundings （e.g., Clay et al. 2011; Ackerman 2012）. Suchself-efficacy may help to fulfill basic requirements in a species＇ daily activities using problem solv-ing that can involve foraging and other goal-oriented behaviors. It also assists in fulfilling thestrong underlying motivation for contrafreeloading and exploration expressed behaviorally bymany species in captivity （Young 1999）. Moreover, being able to present nonhuman primates vir-tual reality environments under experimental conditions provides the opportunity to gain insightinto their navigational abilities and spatial cognition. It allows for insight into the generation andapplication of internal mental representations of landmarks and environments under multiple con-ditions （e.g., small- and large-scale space） and subsequent spatial behavior. This paper reviewsmethods using virtual reality developed to investigate the spatial cognitive abilities of nonhumanprimates, and great apes in particular, in comparison with that of humans of multiple age *** make recommendations about training, best practices, and also pi

关键词： animal cognition, apes, bonobos, chimpanzees, nonhuman primates, spatial cognition, virtual reality.

Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets,captive non-human primates and farm animals in Central Africa

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第5期15卷 232-235页

作者： Gael D.Maganga Barthelemy Ngoubangoye Jumafra P.Koumba Sonia Lekana-Douki Ivan C.Moussadji Kinga Thierry A.Tsoumbou Antoine M.Mbeang Beyeme Telstar G.Ndong Mebaley Jean-Bernard Lekana-Douki Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Medicales de Franceville(CIRMF) Unite Emergence des Maladies ViralesBP 769FrancevilleGabon Institut National Superieur d’Agronomie et de Biotechnologies(INSAB) Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku(USTM)BP 941FrancevilleGabon Universite de Lyon Universite Lyon 1CNRSLaboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie evolutive UMR 555869622 VilleurbanneFrance LabEx ECOFECT Eco-evolutionary Dynamics of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of LyonLyonFrance

It has been reported that the host of SARS-CoV-2 can be extremely wide due to the conservation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in mammals[1].Several studies have reported natural or experimental infection with SARS-CoV-2 in pets,farm and captive wild animals[2-4].However,to the best of our knowledge,there was no published study assessing virus circulation among domestic or captive animals in Central,West and East *** this study,we assessed the presence and circulation of SARS-CoV-2 or other betacoronaviruses in pets,livestock and animals kept in captivity in conservation centers in Haut-Ogoouéprovince,southeastern Gabon.

关键词： Central southeastern Africa