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Smart beam via electrically addressing the dye-doped and polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第5期22卷 111-116页

作者：彭程徐春庭胡伟 College of Engineering and applied sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Smart beams play a vital role in modern intelligent vehicles and have recently attracted significant attention.A spatial light modulator with high optical efficiency,low cost,and compact size is crucial for designing smart ***,we mix cholesteric liquid crystals with dichroic black dye and a *** UV polymerization,the sample exhibits a low driving voltage of 26 V,a high transmittance of over 70%,and an On-off ratio over 280,thanks to the joint contribution of both the absorption and the scattering effect.A smart beam device is demonstrated by electrically addressing the dye-doped and polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal with pixelated *** patterns with arbitrary designs are projected *** switching time reaches several tens of *** strategy brings new designs to intelligent vehicles and may also inspire applications in public information displays,advertising,and even AR/VR displays.

关键词： cholesteric liquid crystal spatial light modulation smart beam dye guest-host effect

Learning about good nutrition with the 5-color front-of-package label"Nutri-Score":an experimental study

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1195-1200页

作者： Robin C.Hau Klaus W.Lange university of applied sciences Landshut Landshut 84036Germany Faculty of Human sciences University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany

The Nutri-Score is a 5-color front-of-pack nutrition label designed to provide consumers with an easily understandable guideline to the healthiness of food *** impact that the Nutri-Score may have on consumers'choices is unclear since different experimental paradigms have found vastly different effect *** the present study,we have investigated how student participants change a hypothetical personal 1-daydietary plan after a learning phase during which they learn about the Nutri-Scores of the available food *** were instructed to compose a healthy diet plan in order that the question of whether the NutriScore would improve their ability to compose a healthy dietary plan could be investigated,independent of the question of whether they would apply this knowledge in their ordinary *** found a substantial(Cohen's d=0.86)positive impact on nutritional quality(as measured by the Nutrient Profiling System score of the Food Standards Agency)and a medium-sized(Cohen's d=0.43)reduction of energy *** content reduction was larger for participants who had initially composed plans with higher energy *** results suggest that the Nutri-Score has the potential to guide consumers to healthier food *** remains unclear,however,whether this potential will be reflected in real-life dietary choices.

关键词： Nutri-Score Front-of-package label Nudge Nutrition Health

Introducing urea into tirapazamine derivatives to enhance anticancer therapy

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 245-253页

作者： Yajun Xu Jianlin Lv Chaoying Kong Ya Liu Kun Wang Zhaohui Tang Xuesi Chen Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences School of applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China

Tirapazamine（TPZ） has been approved for multiple clinical trials relying on its excellent anticancer ***,as a typical hypoxia-activated prodrug（HAP）,TPZ did not exhibit survival advantages in Phase Ⅲ clinical trials when used in combination therapy due to the insufficient hypoxia levels in patients' *** this study,to improve the therapeutic effects of TPZ,we first introduced urea to synthesize a series of urea-containing derivatives of *** urea-containing TPZ derivatives showed increased hypoxic cytotoxicity（9.51-30.85-fold） compared with TPZ,while maintaining hypoxic ***,one of these derivatives,showed 20-fold higher cytotoxicity than TPZ while maintaining a similar hypoxic cytotoxicity *** highly efficiently deliver TPZP to the tumors and reduce its side effects on healthy tissues,we further prepared TPZP into a nanodrug with fibrin-targeting ability:***4-NPs,a vascular disrupting agent,was used to increase the fibrin level within tumors and exacerbate tumor *** being combined with CA4-NPs,FT11-TPZP-NPs can accumulate in the hypoxia-aggravated tumors and activate sufficiently to kill tumor *** a single-dose treatment,FT11-TPZP-NPs+CA4-NPs showed a high inhibition rate of 98.1% against CT26 tumor models with an initial volume of ～480 mm3and four out of six tumors were completely eliminated;it thereby exerted a significant antitumor *** study provides a new strategy for improving the therapeutic effect of TPZ and other HAPs in anticancer therapy.

关键词： tirapazamine vascular disrupting agent hypoxia-activated prodrug combretastatin A4 urea

Crashworthiness Design and Multi-Objective Optimization of Bionic Thin-Walled Hybrid Tube Structures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第4期139卷 999-1016页

作者： Pingfan Li Jiumei Xiao Department of applied Mechanics University of Sciences and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China

Thin-walled structures are widely used in cars due to their lightweight construction and energy-absorbing ***,issues such as high initial stress and lowenergy-absorbing efficiency *** study proposes a novel energy-absorbing structure inwhich a straight tube is combinedwith a conical tube and a bamboo-inspired bulkhead structure is *** configuration allows the conical tube to flip outward first and then fold together with the straight *** deformation mode absorbs more energy and less peak force than the conical tube sinking and flipping *** finite element numerical simulation,the specific energy absorption capacity of the structure is increased by 26%compared to that of a regular circular cross-section ***,the impact resistance of the bionic straight tapered tube structure is further improved through multi-objective optimization,promoting the engineering application and lightweight design of hybrid cross-section tubes.

关键词： Crashworthiness tube inversion multi-objective optimization energy absorption

Dynamic simulation analysis of molten salt reactor-coupled air-steam combined cycle power generation system

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 222-233页

作者： Jing-Lei Huang Guo-Bin Jia Li-Feng Han Wen-Qian Liu Li Huang Zheng-Han Yang Shanghai Institute of applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China university of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

A nonlinear dynamic simulation model based on coordinated control of speed and flow rate for the molten salt reactor and combined cycle systems is proposed here to ensure the coordination and stability between the molten salt reactor and power *** model considers the impact of thermal properties of fluid variation on accuracy and has been validated with *** study reveals the capability of the control system to compensate for anomalous situations and maintain shaft stability in the event of perturbations occurring in high-temperature molten salt tank outlet ***,the control system’s impact on the system’s dynamic characteristics under molten salt disturbance is also *** results reveal that after the disturbance occurs,the controlled system benefits from the action of the control,and the overshoot and disturbance amplitude are positively correlated,while the system power and frequency eventually return to the initial *** simulation model provides a basis for utilizing molten salt reactors for power generation and maintaining grid stability.

关键词： Molten salt reactor Combined cycle Dynamic characteristic Control

Cumulative Exposure to Natural Hazards and Mental Health in China: Are Older People More Vulnerable or More Resilient Than Younger and Middle-Aged Adults?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 277-289页

作者： Shuai Zhou Crystal Kwan Department of applied Social sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Despite the well-documented impacts of single natural hazards like earthquakes, less is known about the psychological adaptation to multiple natural hazards, particularly in rural areas. This study investigated the associations of multiple natural hazards with depression among Chinese adults. Data were retrieved from the China Family Panel Studies conducted during 2010–2018. With a sample of 11,633 Chinese adults, multilevel logistic regression was employed to examine the relationships between natural hazard exposure and depression in the total sample and different age groups. Overall, experiencing four or more natural hazards was associated with a higher risk of being depressed. Regarding hazard type, the number of hydrometeorological and biological hazards was associated with a higher likelihood of depression, whereas the number of geologic and other hazards was related to a lower risk of depression. Middle-aged adults from villages were more likely to be affected by natural hazard exposure than older and younger adults. The findings of this study show that cumulative exposure to natural hazards can generate lasting effects on depressive symptoms, particularly in middle adulthood. The findings also suggest that older adults from rural areas may have accumulated more resilience to mitigate the adverse well-being effects of hazard events. Policies and interventions should enhance disaster awareness and preparation for aging residents from multi-hazard communities.

关键词： Age differences China Depressive symptoms Multi-hazard communities Natural hazard exposure

Modularized viromimetic polymer nanoparticle vaccines(VPNVaxs) to elicit durable and effective humoral immune responses

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 200-214页

作者： Zichao Huang Xinyu Zhuang Liping Liu Jiayu Zhao Sheng Ma Xinghui Si Zhenyi Zhu Fan Wu Ningyi Jin Mingyao Tian Wantong Song Xuesi Chen Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences School of applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Changchun Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Virus-like particle(VLP) vaccines had shown great potential during the COVID-19 pandemic, and was thought to be the next generation of antiviral vaccine technology due to viromimetic structures. However,the time-consuming and complicated processes in establishing a current recombinant-protein–based VLP vaccine has limited its quick launch to the out-bursting pandemic. To simplify and optimize VLP vaccine design, we herein report a kind of viromimetic polymer nanoparticle vaccine(VPNVax), with subunit receptor-binding domain(RBD) proteins conjugated to the surface of polyethylene glycol-b-polylactic acid(PEG-b-PLA) nanoparticles for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The preparation of VPNVax based on synthetic polymer particle and chemical post-conjugation makes it possible to rapidly replace the antigens and construct matched vaccines at the emergence of different viruses. Using this modular preparation system, we identified that VPNVax with surface protein coverage of 20%–25% had the best immunostimulatory activity, which could keep high levels of specific antibody titers over 5 months and induce virus neutralizing activity when combined with an aluminum adjuvant. Moreover, the polymer nano-vectors could be armed with more immune-adjuvant functions by loading immunostimulant agents or chemical chirality design. This VPNVax platform provides a novel kind of rapidly producing and efficient vaccine against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viral pandemics.

关键词： vaccine polymer nanomaterials SARS-CoV-2

High-throughput computational screening and in vitro evaluation identifies 5-(4-oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)-2-[3-(4-oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)phenyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione(C3),as a novel EGFR—HER2 dual inhibitor in gastric tumors

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Oncology Research 2024年第2期32卷 251-259页

作者： MESFER AL SHAHRANI REEM GAHTANI MOHAMMAD ABOHASSAN MOHAMMAD ALSHAHRANI YASSER ALRAEY AYED DERA MOHAMMAD RAJEH ASIRI PRASANNA RAJAGOPALAN Department of Clinical Laboratory sciences College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Gastric cancers are caused primarily due to the activation and amplification of the EGFR or HER2 kinases resulting in cell proliferation,adhesion,angiogenesis,and *** therapies are ineffective due to the intra-tumoral heterogeneity and concomitant genetic ***,dual inhibition strategies are recommended to increase potency and reduce *** this study,we have conducted computational high-throughput screening of the ChemBridge library followed by in vitro assays and identified novel selective inhibitors that have a dual impediment of EGFR/HER2 kinase ***-based High-throughput Virtual Screening(D-HTVS)was used to screen the whole ChemBridge small molecular library against EGFR and *** atomistic molecular dynamic simulation was conducted to understand the dynamics and stability of the protein-ligand ***/HER2 kinase enzymes,KATOIII,and Snu-5 cells were used for in vitro *** atomistic Molecular Dynamics simulations followed by solvent-based Gibbs binding free energy calculation of top molecules,identified compound C3(5-(4-oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)-2-[3-(4-oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)phenyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione)to have a good affinity for both EGFR and *** predicted compound,C3,was promising with better binding energy,good binding pose,and optimum interactions with the EGFR and HER2 residues.C3 inhibited EGFR and HER2 kinases with IC50 values of 37.24 and 45.83 nM,*** GI50 values of C3 to inhibit KATOIII and Snu-5 cells were 84.76 and 48.26 nM,*** on these findings,we conclude that the identified compound C3 showed a conceivable dual inhibitory activity on EGFR/HER2 kinase,and therefore can be considered as a plausible lead-like molecule for treating gastric cancers with minimal side effects,though testing in higher models with pharmacokinetic approach is required.

关键词： Dual inhibitor Drug discovery EGFR/HER2 kinase Gastric cancer High-throughput screening

Stereoselective recognition of morphine enantiomers by μ-opioid receptor

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 183-191页

作者： Yibo Wang Van A.Ngo Xiaohui Wang Laboratory of Chemical Biology Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Advanced Computing for Life sciences and Engineering Group Science Engagement Section National Center for Computational Sciences Oak Ridge National Lab School of applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular sciences

Stereospecific recognition of chiral molecules plays a crucial role in biological systems. The μ-opioid receptor（MOR） exhibits binding affinity towards（-）-morphine, a well-established gold standard in pain management, while it shows minimal binding affinity for the（+）-morphine enantiomer, resulting in a lack of analgesic activity. Understanding how MOR stereoselectively recognizes morphine enantiomers has remained a puzzle in neuroscience and pharmacology for over half-a-century due to the lack of direct observation techniques. To unravel this mystery, we constructed the binding and unbinding processes of morphine enantiomers with MOR via molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the thermodynamics and kinetics governing MOR's stereoselective recognition of morphine enantiomers. Our findings reveal that the binding of（-）-morphine stabilizes MOR in its activated state, exhibiting a deep energy well and a prolonged residence time. In contrast,（+）-morphine fails to sustain the activation state of ***, the results suggest that specific residues, namely D1142.50and D1473.32, are deprotonated in the active state of MOR bound to（-）-morphine. This work highlights that the selectivity in molecular recognition goes beyond binding affinities, extending into the realm of residence time.

关键词： stereoselective recognition thermodynamics and kinetics residence time morphine enantiomers μ-opioid receptor