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3D printing of optical materials by processes based on photopolymerization:materials,technologies,and recent advances

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Photonics Research 2022年第6期10卷 1344-1360页

作者： EMMA GEISLER MAXIME LECOMPèRE OLIVIER SOPPERA Universitéde Haute-Alsace CNRSIS2M UMR 7361F-68100 MulhouseFrance Universitéde Strasbourg F-67000 StrasbourgFrance essilor international 94000 CréteilFrance

3D printing technologies have expanded beyond the research laboratories where they were used solely for prototyping and have become widely used in several industries.The production of custom 3D objects has significant potential in optical applications.However,this necessitates extremely specific material properties,such as transparency,homogeneity,birefringence,and surface finish.Currently,the majority of optical objects are manufactured using plastics.Moreover,the 3D printing processes using polymers to produce optical objects have significant advantages,such as limited wastage,short manufacturing time,and easy customization.However,despite extensive efforts,no technology has achieved the production of objects perfectly suited for optical applications.The objective of this review is to summarize recent advances in the field of 3D printing for optics,with an emphasis on specific developments for dedicated applications,and to explore new candidate processes.

关键词： printing expanded transparency

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3D Modelling of Thermal Replication for Designing Progressive Glass Moulds

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New Journal of Glass and Ceramics 2013年第1期3卷 34-42页

作者： Dominique Lochegnies Philippe Moreau Fabienne Hanriot Patrick Hugonneaux essilor international Saint- Maur-des Fosses Paris France essilor international Saint- Maur-des Fosses Paris France. Pole de Recherches et d’Enseignement Supérieur Université Lille Nord de France Lille France

Worldwide, essilor international provides customers with Progressive Addition Lenses (PAL), which replace bifocal lenses. Thermal replication is one process to produce glass moulds for PAL, using sagged glass on a ceramic slumping block. In this paper, thermal replication for producing PAL glass moulds is developed through 3D modelling and experimentation. Our numerical approach is validated by comparing it with experimentation on the global 3D topology of the sagged glass. It is also validated by using more severe optical comparison criteria, developed by essilor international to analyze the conformity of their products. Through modelling, the thermal replication is analyzed by studying the evolving contact between the sagged glass and the ceramic slumping block during the thermal cycle and the glass flow on the upper side of the sagged glass.

关键词： Aspherical Lens Finite Element Model Precision Glass Forming Thermal Replication Metrology

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