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Rainfall Sensitivity to Microphysics and Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterizations in Convection-Permitting Simulations over Northwestern South America

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第04期 805-826页

作者： K.Santiago HERNáNdeZ Sebastián GóMEZ-RíOS Juan J.HENAO Vanessa ROBLEDO álvaro RAMíREZ-CARDONA Angela M.RENDóN Geolimna Escuela AmbientalFacultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Antioquia Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research Institute Grupo de ingeniería y Gestión Ambiental (GIGA) Escuela AmbientalFacultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Antioquia

Convection-permitting modeling allows us to understand mechanisms that influence rainfall in specific ***,microphysics parameterization(MP) and planetary boundary layer(PBL) schemes remain an important source of uncertainty,affecting rainfall intensity,occurrence,duration,and ***,we study the sensitivity of rainfall to three MP [Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) Single-Moment 6-class(WSM6),Thompson,and Morrison] and two PBL [the yonsei University(ySU) and Mellor–yamada Nakanishi Niino(MyNN)] schemes with a convection-permitting resolution(4 km) over northwestern South America(NWSA).Simulations were performed by using the WRF model and the results were evaluated against soundings,rain gauges,and satellite data,considering the spatio-temporal variability of rainfall over diverse regions prone to deep convection in *** and PBL schemes largely influenced simulated rainfall,with better results for the less computationally expensive WSM6 MP and ySU PBL *** rain gauges and satellite estimates,simulations with Morrison MP overestimated rainfall,especially westward of the Andes,whereas the MyNN PBL underestimated precipitation in the Amazon–Savannas *** found that the uncertainty in the rainfall representation is highly dependent on the region,with a higher influence of MP in the Colombian Pacific and PBL in the Amazon–Savannas *** analyzing rainfall-related processes,the selection of both MP and PBL parameterizations exerted a large influence on the simulated lower tropospheric moisture flux and moisture *** schemes significantly influenced the downward shortwave radiation,with MyNN simulating a greater amount of low clouds,which decreased the radiation ***,latent heat fluxes were greater for ySU,favoring moist convection and *** schemes had a marked impact on vertical ***,Morrison MP showed stronger convection and higher precipitation rates,which is assoc

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Twenty years of population dynamics in European beech-oak forest at their rear range margin anticipate changes in its structure and composition

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 358-370页

作者： álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado Iciar Alberdi Isabel Canellas Fernando Montes Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada Rosana López Guillermo G.Gordaliza María Valbuena-Carabana Nikos Nanos Ramón Perea Luis Gil departamento de dinamica y gestion forestal Instituto de Ciencias Forestales(ICIFOR-INIA)CSICCtra.La Coruna km 7.528040MadridSpain departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingeniería de MontesForestal y del Medio NaturalUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid.Ciudad Universitaria s/n28040MadridSpain School of Forestry and Natural Environment Aristotle University of ThessalonikiUniversity Campus54124ThessalonikiGreece

There is an increasing interest in restoring degraded forests,which occupy half of the forest *** the forms of restoration,passive restoration,which involves the elimination of degrading factors and the free evolution of natural dynamics by applying minimal or no management,is gaining *** dynamics is difficult to predict due to the influence of multiple interacting factors such as climatic and edaphic conditions,composition and abundance of species,and the successional character of these ***,we study the natural dynamics of a mixed forest located in central Spain,which maintained an open forest structure,due to intensive use,until grazing and cutting were banned in the *** most frequent woody species in this forest are Fagus sylvatica,Quercus petraea,Quercus pyrenaica,Ilex aquifolium,Sorbus aucuparia,Sorbus aria and Prunus avium,with contrasting shade and drought *** species are common in temperate European deciduous forest and are found here near their southern distribution limit,except for *** order to analyze forest dynamics and composition,three inventories were carried out in 1994,2005 and *** results show that,despite the Mediterranean influence,the natural dynamics of this forest has been mainly determined by different levels of shade *** the abandonment of grazing and cutting,*** expanded rapidly due to its lower shade tolerance,whereas after canopy closure and forest densification,shade-tolerant species gained ground,particularly ***,despite its lower drought and late-frost *** the current dynamics continue,*** will overtake the rest of the species,which will be relegated to sites with shallow soils and steep ***,all the multi-centennial beech trees,which are undergoing a rapid mortality and decline process,will disappear.

关键词： Forest succession Secondary forest Woodland Mixed forest Competition Recruitment

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Rainfall Sensitivity to Microphysics and Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterizations in Convection-Permitting Simulations over Northwestern South America

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第4期38卷 805-825页

作者： Hernández, K. Santiago Gómez-Ríos, Sebastián Henao, Juan J. Robledo, Vanessa Ramírez-Cardona, Álvaro Rendón, Angela M. Geolimna Escuela Ambiental Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research Institute Reno USA Grupo de ingeniería y Gestión Ambiental (GIGA) Escuela Ambiental Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia

Convection-permitting modeling allows us to understand mechanisms that influence rainfall in specific regions. However, microphysics parameterization (MP) and planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes remain an important source of uncertainty, affecting rainfall intensity, occurrence, duration, and propagation. Here, we study the sensitivity of rainfall to three MP [Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Single-Moment 6-class (WSM6), Thompson, and Morrison] and two PBL [the yonsei University (ySU) and Mellor–yamada Nakanishi Niino (MyNN)] schemes with a convection-permitting resolution (4 km) over northwestern South America (NWSA). Simulations were performed by using the WRF model and the results were evaluated against soundings, rain gauges, and satellite data, considering the spatio-temporal variability of rainfall over diverse regions prone to deep convection in NWSA. MP and PBL schemes largely influenced simulated rainfall, with better results for the less computationally expensive WSM6 MP and ySU PBL schemes. Regarding rain gauges and satellite estimates, simulations with Morrison MP overestimated rainfall, especially westward of the Andes, whereas the MyNN PBL underestimated precipitation in the Amazon–Savannas flatlands. We found that the uncertainty in the rainfall representation is highly dependent on the region, with a higher influence of MP in the Colombian Pacific and PBL in the Amazon–Savannas flatlands. When analyzing rainfall-related processes, the selection of both MP and PBL parameterizations exerted a large influence on the simulated lower tropospheric moisture flux and moisture convergence. PBL schemes significantly influenced the downward shortwave radiation, with MyNN simulating a greater amount of low clouds, which decreased the radiation income. Furthermore, latent heat fluxes were greater for ySU, favoring moist convection and rainfall. MP schemes had a marked impact on vertical velocity. Specifically, Morrison MP showed stronger convection and

关键词： sensitivity microphysics planetary boundary layer(PBL) Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) processes

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Optimal design of Hybrid Microgrid in Isolated Communities of Ecuador

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期 488-499页

作者： Luis A.Pesantes Ruben Hidalgo-León Johnny Rengifo Miguel Torres Jorge Aragundi José Cordova-Garcia Luis F.Ugarte IEEE the Facultad de ingeniería en Electricidad y Computación of escuela superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) University department of Electrical Engineering at Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María

In rural territories, the communities use energy sources based on fossil fuels to supply themselves with electricity, which may address two main problems: greenhouse gas emissions and high fuel prices. Hence, there is an opportunity to include renewable resources in the energy mix. This paper develops an optimization model to determine the optimal sizing, the total annual investment cost in renewable generation, and other operating costs of the components of a hybrid microgrid. By running a k-means clustering algorithm on a meteorological dataset of the community under study, the hourly representative values become input parameters in the proposed optimization model. The method for the optimal design of hybrid microgrid is analyzed in six operating scenarios considering:(1) 24-hour continuous power supply;(2) load shedding percentage;(3) diesel power generator(genset) curtailment;(4) the worst meteorological conditions;(5) the use of renewable energy sources including battery energy storage systems(BESSs); and(6) the use of genset. A mathematical programming language(AMPL) tool is used to find solutions of the proposed optimization model. Results show that the total costs of microgrid in the scenarios that cover 100% of the load demand(without considering the scenario with 100% renewables) increase by over 16% compared with the scenario with genset operation limitation. For the designs with power supply restrictions, the total cost of microgrid in the scenario with load shedding is reduced by over 27% compared with that without load shedding.

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A new look at the first dinosaur discovered in Antarctica: reappraisal of Antarctopelta oliveroi(Ankylosauria: Parankylosauria)

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年

作者： Sergio SOTO ACU?A Alexander O.VARGAS Jonatan KALUZA Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Red Paleontológica U-Chile，departamento de Biología， Facultad de Ciencias， Universidad de Chile Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara， Universidad Maimónides escuela de Geología，Facultad de Ciencias， ingeniería y tecnología， Universidad Mayor， Providencia

The first dinosaur discovered in the Antarctic continent was the ankylosaur Antarctopelta oliveroi in the 1980s. Nevertheless， since then several hypotheses of phylogenetical relationships have been proposed because these have been depended on how the skeletal remains have been interpreted. The main obstacle for clarifying its phylogenetic position is that many portions of the skeleton remain unknown， in addition to the presence of unknown characters in typical ankylosaurs. Considered an ankylosaurid， nodosaurid， or even a chimaera， a recent proposal based on mostly complete material of a new ankylosaur from Chilean Patagonia provided support for a novel phylogenetic hypothesis: Antarctopelta and other southern ankylosaurs are an early branching clade， the Parankylosauria， whose origin probably dates to the Late Jurassic. In the light of this new view， a redescription of the available skeletal remains is provided together with a new reconstruction of the first Antarctic dinosaur known to the science community.

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Porphyrins,phthalocyanines,and related covalent-organic frameworks in the photochemical and electrochemical water splitting:A review

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 236-265页

作者： Oxana V.Kharissova yolanda Peña Méndez Boris I.Kharisov Aleksandr LNikolaev Edith Luévano-Hipólito Lucy T.González Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Ave.Universidad s/nSan Nicolás de los GarzaNuevo León66455Mexico department of Chemistry Moscow State UniversityVorobievy HillsMoscowRussia CONACyT-Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Ingeniería Civil-Departamento de Ecomateriales y EnergíaCd.UniversitariaC.P.66455San Nicolás de los GarzaNLMexico tecnologico de Monterrey Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterreyNuevo León 64890Mexico tecnologico de Monterrey Centro del AguaMonterreyNuevo León 64890Mexico

In this review,the possibilities of photochemical and electrochemical water splitting(WS)using porphyrins,phthalocyanines,related macrocycles,and their metal complexes are *** efforts are being carried out in order to develop novel and cheap methods for water decomposition to generate inexhaustible greener energy sources(molecular hydrogen)instead of oil and *** processes of WS in heterogeneous and homogeneous media require novel photo-and electrocatalysts,in particular those on macrocycle basis.A high WS efficiency has been observed for porphyrins and phthalocyanines,showing their suitability both for HER and OER processes are available using these relative compounds for WS *** can be used in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic WS processes both in their free forms or as metal porphyrins/porphyrinates,mainly loaded on various inorganic materials,such as Au NPs,C_(3)N_(4),GaP,KTaO_(3),GaP,and so on,as part of porphyrin-containing polymers or on electrode surface as modifying coatings,being sometimes better than commercial catalysts,such as Pt/*** H2 evolution can be considerably depended on the shape of porphyrin particles;in particular,porphyrin nanowires can yield up to 20 times more H2 than its *** certain cases,both HER and OER can be driven in the same electrolyte using metal *** capacity of metal porphyrins to generate ROS(in particular,singlet oxygen 1O_(2))under ultrasonic treatment is known and can be successfully used for H_(2)O_(2) and O_(2) *** can be used in similar processes in free form or as composites with inorganic or organic counterparts,being immobilized on nanocarbons,metal oxides and salts,or simply dissolved in water acting in a homogeneous *** additional use of ultrasound can lead to better results due to the synergistic effect of the sonochemical treatment and ***-organic frameworks are also applied for WS purposes and are mainly based

关键词： Porphyrins Phthalocyanines COFs Water splitting Photocatalysis Electrocatalysis

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Twenty years of population dynamics in European beech-oak forest at their rear range margin anticipate changes in its structure and composition

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期 358-370页

作者： álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado Iciar Alberdi Isabel Ca?ellas Fernando Montes Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada Rosana López Guillermo G.Gordaliza María Valbuena-Caraba?a Nikos Nanos Ramón Perea Luis Gil departamento de dinámica y gestión forestal Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR-INIA) CSIC departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes Forestal y del Medio Natural Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.Ciudad Universitaria s/n School of Forestry and Natural Environment Aristotle University of Thessaloniki University Campus

There is an increasing interest in restoring degraded forests, which occupy half of the forest areas. Among the forms of restoration, passive restoration, which involves the elimination of degrading factors and the free evolution of natural dynamics by applying minimal or no management, is gaining attention. Natural dynamics is difficult to predict due to the influence of multiple interacting factors such as climatic and edaphic conditions,composition and abundance of species, and the successional character of these species. Here, we study the natural dynamics of a mixed forest located in central Spain, which maintained an open forest structure, due to intensive use, until grazing and cutting were banned in the 1960s. The most frequent woody species in this forest are Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea, Quercus pyrenaica, Ilex aquifolium, Sorbus aucuparia, Sorbus aria and Prunus avium, with contrasting shade and drought tolerance. These species are common in temperate European deciduous forest and are found here near their southern distribution limit, except for Q. pyrenaica. In order to analyze forest dynamics and composition, three inventories were carried out in 1994, 2005 and 2015. Our results show that, despite the Mediterranean influence, the natural dynamics of this forest has been mainly determined by different levels of shade tolerance. After the abandonment of grazing and cutting, Q. pyrenaica expanded rapidly due to its lower shade tolerance, whereas after canopy closure and forest densification, shade-tolerant species gained ground,particularly F. sylvatica, despite its lower drought and late-frost tolerance. If the current dynamics continue,F. sylvatica will overtake the rest of the species, which will be relegated to sites with shallow soils and steep ***, all the multi-centennial beech trees, which are undergoing a rapid mortality and decline process,will disappear.

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A symmetric substructuring method for analyzing the natural frequencies of conical origami structures

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Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第3期14卷 203-210页

作者： Chenhao Lu yao Chen Weiying Fan Jian Feng Pooya Sareh Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education and National Prestress Engineering Research Center Southeast University School of Engineering University of Liverpool Creative design Engineering Lab (Cdel) School of Engineering Newcastle University escuela Técnica superior de ingeniería y Dise?o Industrial Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)

Conical origami structures are characterized by their substantial out-of-plane stiffness and energy-absorption capacity. Previous investigations have commonly focused on the static characteristics of these lightweight structures. However, the efficient analysis of the natural vibrations of these structures is pivotal for designing conical origami structures with programmable stiffness and mass. In this paper, we propose a novel method to analyze the natural vibrations of such structures by combining a symmetric substructuring method(SSM) and a generalized eigenvalue analysis. SSM exploits the inherent symmetry of the structure to decompose it into a finite set of repetitive substructures. In doing so, we reduce the dimensions of matrices and improve computational efficiency by adopting the stiffness and mass matrices of the substructures in the generalized eigenvalue *** element simulations of pin-jointed models are used to validate the computational results of the proposed approach. Moreover, the parametric analysis of the structures demonstrates the influences of the number of segments along the circumference and the radius of the cone on the structural mass and natural frequencies of the structures. Furthermore, we present a comparison between six-fold and four-fold conical origami structures and discuss the influence of various geometric parameters on their natural frequencies. This study provides a strategy for efficiently analyzing the natural vibration of symmetric origami structures and has the potential to contribute to the efficient design and customization of origami metastructures with programmable stiffness.

关键词： Natural structural vibration Origami design Group theory Symmetric substructuring method (SSM) Generalized eigenvalue analysis

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A new look at the first dinosaur discovered in Antarctica:reappraisal of Antarctopelta oliveroi(Ankylosauria:Parankylosauria)

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 78-107页

作者： Sergio SOTO ACUÑA Alexander OVARGAS Jonatan KALUZA Red Paleontológica U-Chile Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileÑuñoa 7800003Chile escuela de Geología Facultad de CienciasIngeniería y TecnologíaUniversidad MayorProvidenciaSantiago 7500994Chile Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara Universidad MaimónidesBuenos Aires C1405Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina

The first dinosaur discovered in the Antarctic continent was the ankylosaur Antarctopelta oliveroi in the ***,since then several hypotheses of phylogenetical relationships have been proposed because these have been depended on how the skeletal remains have been *** main obstacle for clarifying its phylogenetic position is that many portions of the skeleton remain unknown,in addition to the presence of unknown characters in typical *** an ankylosaurid,nodosaurid,or even a chimaera,a recent proposal based on mostly complete material of a new ankylosaur from Chilean Patagonia provided support for a novel phylogenetic hypothesis:Antarctopelta and other southern ankylosaurs are an early branching clade,the Parankylosauria,whose origin probably dates to the Late *** the light of this new view,a redescription of the available skeletal remains is provided together with a new reconstruction of the first Antarctic dinosaur known to the science community.

关键词： Antarctic Peninsula Biogeographic Weddellian Province Parankylosauria Antarctopelta

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Sol-gel derived B_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate bioactive glasses with hemostatic,antibacterial and pro-angiogenic activities

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第1期3卷 108-118页

作者： Kai Zheng Faina Bider Mahshid Monavari Zhiyan Xu Christina Janko Christoph Alexiou Ana M.Beltran Aldo R.Boccaccini Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine College of StomatologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China Institute of Biomaterials University of Erlangen-Nuremberg91058 ErlangenGermany department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck SurgerySection of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine(SEON)Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung ProfessorshipUniversitaetsklinikum Erlangen91058 ErlangenGermany departamento de ingenier�ıa y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte Escuela Politecnica

Sol-gel borate bioactive glasses(BGs)are promising ion-releasing biomaterials for wound healing ***,we report the synthesis of a series of binary B_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate BGs(CaO ranging from 50 to 90mol%)using a sol-gel-based *** influence of CaO content in B_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate BG on morphology,structure and ion release behavior was investigated in *** dissolution(ion release)and crystallization could be observed in borate BGs when CaO content increased,while the morphology was not significantly altered by increasing CaO *** results evidenced that the ion release behavior of borate BGs could be tailored by tuning the B_(2)O_(3)/CaO molar *** also evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity,hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic activities of borate *** was validated for all borate ***,borate BGs exhibited composition-dependent hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic ***,higher contents of Ca in borate BGs facilitated hemostatic activity,while higher contents of B_(2)O_(3) were beneficial for pro-angiogenic *** synthesized sol-gel-derived borate BGs are promising materials for developing advanced wound healing dressings,given their fast ion release behavior and favorable hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic activities.

关键词： borate glasses sol-gel processing glass composition wound healing

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