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An Image Fingerprint and Attention Mechanism Based Load Estimation Algorithm for Electric Power System

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co.puter Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第7期140卷 577-591页

作者： Qing Zhu Linlin Gu Huijie Lin Electricity technology Branch Nari Technology Co.Ltd.Nanjing211106China NARI-TECH Nanjing co.trol Systems co. Ltd.Nanjing211106China

With the rapid development of electric power systems,load estimation plays an important role in system operation and planning.Usually,load estimation techniques co.tain traditional,time series,regression analysis-based,and machine learning-based estimation.Since the machine learning-based method can lead to better performance,in this paper,a deep learning-based load estimation algorithm using image fingerprint and attention mechanism is proposed.First,an image fingerprint co.struction is proposed for training data.After the data preprocessing,the training data matrix is co.structed by the cyclic shift and cubic spline interpolation.Then,the linear mapping and the gray-co.or transformation method are proposed to form the co.or image fingerprint.Seco.d,a co.volutional neural network(CNN)co.bined with an attentionmechanism is proposed for training performance improvement.At last,an experiment is carried out to evaluate the estimation performance.co.pared with the support vector machine method,CNN method and long short-term memory method,the proposed algorithm has the best load estimation performance.

关键词： Load estimation deep learning attention mechanism image fingerprint co.struction

Occurrence and vertical distribution of aluminum and rare earths in weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore:Effect of soil solution pH and clay minerals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1394-1402页

作者： Jiaxin Pan Longsheng Zhao Zheng Li Xiaowei Huang Zongyu Feng Jun Chen National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth China GRINM Group Co.Ltd. School of Metallurgical and Eco.ogical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB) GRIREM Advanced Materials co. Ltd. GRIREM Hi-Tech co. Ltd. GRIMAT Engineering Institute co. Ltd.

Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore is crucial source of medium and heavy rare earths,with in-situ leaching being the most co.mon mining method.The high co.tents of impurity of aluminum in the leach solution are a significant challenge for the subsequent enrichment process of rare earths.A co.prehensive understanding of the occurrences and vertical distribution of aluminum and rare earths within typical vertical profiles can provide valuable insights into entire design of the in-situ leaching.This paper improves a five-step sequential extraction method to analyze the occurrence and vertical distribution of rare earths and aluminum in vertical profiles from Chongzuo and Longyan.Experimental results demonstrate that soil solution pH is the main factor affecting the vertical distribution of ionexchangeable rare earths.Both samples have distinct areas of enrichment for ion-exchangeable rare earths or aluminum.Ion-exchangeable rare earths are primary co.centrated in the middle and lower parts of the ore layer(4-13 m in Chongzuo,14-22 m in Longyan),while the ion-exchangeable aluminum is mainly enriched in the upper part of the ore layer(1-5 m in Chongzuo,and 2-14 m in Longyan).The vertical distribution of inorganic hydroxy aluminum is likely influenced by the micro morphology and particle size of the day minerals.The inorganic hydroxy aluminum co.centration in Chongzuo samples decreases co.tinuously from 415.65 to 120.95 mg/kg with increasing sampling depth,whereas the co.centration in Longyan samples(110.55-171.27 mg/kg) is almost independence with sampling depth.These results provide direct guidance for the entire design of the injection well depth and the leaching parameters,thereby inhibiting the leaching of impurity of aluminum and lower the co.sumption of leaching agent.

关键词： Aluminum Occurrence Rare earth elements Sequential extraction Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore

Plane-co.trolled growth strategy improves electrochemical performance of co.alt-free LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2 cathode

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第3期34卷 569-577页

作者： Hao Tong Xun Yuan Ningbo Qin Yaoco.g Han Yan Cheng Fangli Ji Ruirui Tuo Changlang Liang Yi Wang Qilin Tong Zhaozhe Yu Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems and Advanced Manufacturing technology Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guangxi CNGR New Energy Science & technology co. LTD. Guangxi Institute of Science and technology Development co. LTD. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi Minzu University

The ultra-high nickel-layered cathodes（Ni ≥ 90 %） has garnered significant attention due to its high specific capacity. However, the widespread application of ultra-high nickel-layered cathodes still suffers limitation by structural instability and poor rate performance. Herein, a crystal-face-induced strategy is proposed to enhance rate and cycling performances of the electrode by co.structing rapid Li+diffusion channel and reducing internal grain boundaries of seco.dary particles. The crystal-face-induced strategy facilitates the growth of {010} lattice plane. Highly exposed {010} planes provide wide-open and unobstructed channels for Li+deintercalation/intercalation, enhances the electrode diffusion kinetics, and thus improves the electrode rate performance. In addition, this strategy promotes the primary particle growth, reduces the grain boundaries of seco.dary particles and mitigates the electrode/electrolyte interface side reactions, enhancing the structural stability and cycling life of the electrode. Acco.dingly, the modified sample achieved a reversible specific capacity of 198.3 mAh g-1at 1 C(1 C = 180 mA g-1) and maintained a capacity retention rate of 88.5 % after 100 cycles, higher than that of the original sample(73.6 %, 146 mAh g-1). At the high rate of 5 C, it can maintain a high specific capacity of 178mAh g-1（capacity retention rate of 99 %） after 150 cycles. This work is a leap in ultra-high nickel-layered cathodes development and provides insights into the design of electrode materials for other batteries.

关键词： co.alt-free nickel-rich cathode Lithium-ion battery Plane-co.trolled growth strategy Rate and cycling performances

A Gel-Based Solidification technology for Large Fracture Plugging

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第3期20卷 563-578页

作者： Kunjian Wang Ruibin He Qianhua Liao Kun Xu Wen Wang Kan Chen Tianjin Branch of CNOOC(China)co. Ltd.Tianjin300450China Jingzhou Jiahua technology co. Ltd.Jingzhou434001China

Fault fractures usually have large openings and co.siderable extension. Acco.dingly, cross-linked gel materials aregenerally co.sidered more suitable plugging agents than water-based gels because the latter often undergo co.taminationvia formation water, which prevents them from being effective over long times. Hence, in this study, aset of oil-based co.posite gels based on waste grease and epoxy resin has been developed. These materials havebeen observed to possess high co.pressive strength and resistance to the aforementioned co.tamination, therebyleading to notable increase in plugging success rate. The co.pressive strength, thickening time, and resistance toformation water pollution of these gels have been evaluated indoors. The results show that the co.pressivestrength of the gel can reach 11 MPa;additionally, the related gelation time can be co.trolled to be more than3 h, thereby providing a safe co.struction time;Invasion of formation water has a small effect on the gel strengthand does not shorten the thickening time. All co.sidered performance indicators of the oil-based gel co.firm itssuitability as a plugging agent for fault fractures.

关键词： Drilling loss fault fracture oil-based gel co.pressive strength gel plugging

An optimization-oriented modeling approach using input co.vex neural networks and its application on optimal chiller loading

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Building Simulation 2024年第4期17卷 639-655页

作者： Shanshuo Xing Jili Zhang Song Mu Dalian University of technology Dalian116024China Guangdong Airport Baiyun Information technology co. Ltd.Guangzhou510000China

Optimization for the multi-chiller system is an indispensable approach for the operation of highly efficient chiller plants.The optima obtained by model-based optimization algorithms are dependent on precise and solvable objective functions.The classical neural networks cannot provide co.vex input-output mappings despite capturing impressive nonlinear fitting capabilities,resulting in a reduction in the robustness of model-based optimization.In this paper,we leverage the input co.vex neural networks(ICNN)to identify the chiller model to co.struct a co.vex mapping between co.trol variables and the objective function,which enables the NN-based OCL as a co.vex optimization problem and apply it to multi-chiller optimization for optimal chiller loading(OCL).Approximation performances are evaluated through a four-model co.parison based on an experimental data set,and the statistical results show that,on the premise of retaining prior co.vexities,the proposed model depicts excellent approximation power for the data set,especially the unseen data.Finally,the ICNN model is applied to a typical OCL problem for a multi-chiller system and co.bined with three types of optimization strategies.co.pared with co.ventional and meta-heuristic methods,the numerical results suggest that the gradient-based BFGS algorithm provides better energy-saving ratios facing co.secutive co.ling load inputs and an impressive co.vergence speed.

关键词： chiller plant input co.vex neural network optimal load distribution co.vex optimization

Current status and development of CMOS SiPM for scintillator-based radiation detectors toward all-digital sensors[Invited]

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 17-27页

作者： Nico.a D'Ascenzo 胡文韬劳慧华越轩张博房磊奚道明郑睿邱奥 Emanuele Antonecchia 凌怡清刘雨晴李琰俞航肖鹏谢庆国 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430074China Biomedical Engineering Department Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China RAYQUANT technology co. Ltd.Ezhou 436044China RAYSOLUTION Healthcare co. Ltd.Hefei 230000China RAYMEASURE technology co. Ltd.Suzhou 215000China RAYCAN technology co. Ltd.Suzhou 215000China co.lege of co.puter Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Modern scintillator-based radiation detectors require silico. photomultipliers(Si PMs)with photon detection efficiency higher than 40%at 420 nm,possibly extended to the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)region,single-photon time resolution(SPTR)co.nt rate(DCR)co.centrations at low CMOS scales,deep-level carrier generation in shallow trench isolation fabrication,and power co.sumption,among others.The advances at 350 and 110 nm CMOS nodes are benchmarked against available Si PMs obtained in CMOS and co.mercial customized technologies.The co.cept of digital multithreshold Si PMs with a single microcell readout is finally reported,proposing a possible direction toward fully digital scintillator-based radiation detectors.

关键词： silico. photomultiplier co.plementary metal-oxide semico.ductor digital SiPM

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Mechanism of a dual-phase Ti-Nb alloy exhibiting near-linear elastic deformation

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2282-2289页

作者： Yan Guo Wang Ding Wen Ma Shun Guo Hao-Dong Meng Nian-Yao Xu School of Automotive Engineering Changzhou Institute of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Youke Publishing co. Ltd China Grinm Group Co. Ltd

In this work, the underlying mechanism responsible for the near-linear elastic deformation behavior of a dual-phase Ti-Nb alloy co.sisting of β and a''phase with large reco.erable strain was systematically elucidated.Based on in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction(SXRD)analyses, it was found that besides intrinsic elastic deformation, a slight reversible β ? a''stress-induced martensitic(SIM) transformation, which proceeded in a co.secutive mode under the retarding effect of micro-defects, took place during the near-linear elastic deformation.After unloading, a small amount of residual macrosco.ic strain remained in the specimen due to the inco.plete reverse a''→ β transformation on unloading. The high near-linear elastic deformability of the co.d drawing(CD)Ti-Nb alloy has been revealed to be attributed to the co.pling actions of intrinsic elasticity as well as the co.secutive and reversible β ? a''SIM transformation. Our research may co.tribute to a new avenue for the design and development of novel dual-phase Ti-based alloys with desirable elastic deformability.

关键词： Titanium alloys Dual-phase Near-linear elastic deformation Martensitic transformation

Cyber-Physical Resilience Enhancement for Power Transmission Systems with Energy Storage Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 844-855页

作者： Wenhao Zhang Dongyang Rui Weihong Wang Yang Guo Zhaoxia Jing Wenhu Tang School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Guangzhou Zhiguang Electric co. Ltd and Zhiguang Research Institute(Guangzhou)Co.LtdGuangzhou 510765China

In a power system, when extreme events occur, such as ice storm, large scale blackouts may be unavoidable. Such small probability but high risk events have huge impact on power systems. Most resilience research in power systems only co.siders faults on the physical side, which would lead to overly idealistic results. This paper proposes a two-stage cyber-physical resilience enhancement method co.sidering energy storage (ES) systems. The first stage calculates optimal planning of ES systems, and the seco.d stage assesses resilience and enhancement of ES systems during the disaster. In the proposed model, cyber faults indirectly damage the system by disabling monitoring and co.trol function of co.trol center. As a result, when detection and response process of physical faults are blocked by cyber failures, serious load shedding occurs. Such a cyber-physical co.pling mechanism of fault, response, restoration process is demonstrated in the modified IEEE Reliable Test System-79 (RTS-79). Simulation results show co.pared with the physical-only system, the cyber-physical system has a more accurate but degraded resilient performance. Besides, ES systems setting at proper place effectively enhance resilience of the cyber-physical transmission system with less load Shedding.

关键词： Cyber-physical faults energy storage systems resilience enhancement transmission systems

FSS: algorithm and neural network accelerator for style transfer

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 253-266页

作者： Yi LING Yujie HUANG Yujie CAI Zhaojie LI Mingyu WANG Wenhong LI Xiaoyang ZENG State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System Fudan University Shanghai Explore X technology co. Ltd.

Neural networks(NNs), owing to their impressive performance, have gradually begun to dominate multimedia processing. For resource-co.strained and energy-sensitive mobile devices, an efficient NN accelerator is necessary. Style transfer is an important multimedia application. However, existing arbitrary style transfer networks are co.plex and not well supported by current NN accelerators, limiting their application on mobile devices. Moreover, the quality of style transfer needs improvement. Thus, we design the Fast Style system(FSS), where a novel algorithm and an NN accelerator are proposed for style transfer. In FSS, we first propose a novel arbitrary style transfer algorithm, Fast Style. We propose a light network that co.tributes to high quality and low co.putational co.plexity and a prior mechanism to avoid retraining when the style changes. Then, we redesign an NN accelerator for Fast Style by applying two improvements to the basic NVIDIA deep learning accelerator(NVDLA) architecture. First, a flexible dat FSM and wt FSM are redesigned to enable the original data path to perform other operations(including the GRAM operation)by software programming. Moreover, statistics and judgment logic are designed to utilize the co.tinuity of a video stream and remove the data dependency in the instance normalization, which improves the accelerator performance by 18.6%. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed Fast Style can achieve higher quality with a lower co.putational co.t, making it more suitable for mobile devices. The proposed NN accelerator is implemented on the Xilinx VCU118 FPGA under a 180-MHz clock. Experimental results show that the accelerator can stylize 512×512-pixel video with 20 FPS, and the measured performance reaches up to 306.07 GOPS. The ASIC implementation in TSMC 28 nm achieves about 22 FPS in the case of a 720-p video.

关键词： neural network accelerator style transfer neural network deep learning