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Selected dark sides of biomass-derived biochars as environmental amendments

Journal of environmental sciences 2017年第4期29卷 13-20页

作者： Zien Chen Lei Luo Diyi Xiao Jitao Lv Bei Wen Yibing Ma Shuzhen Zhang State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

With the rapid increase in the application of biochars as amendments, studies are needed to clarify the possible environmental risks derived from biochars to use safely the biomass resources. This work reported selected dark sides of maize straw-and swine manurederived biochars pyrolyzed at 300 and 500°C. During the pyrolysis processes, total heavy metals in the biochars were enriched greatly accompanying with considerable emission of the heavy metals into atmosphere and the trends became increasingly obvious with pyrolysis temperature. Meanwhile, the biochars showed distinctly decreased available heavy metals compared with raw feedstocks, which could be mainly attributed to the sorption by the inorganics in the biochars. The water-and acid-washing treatments significantly increased the releasing risks of heavy metals from biochars into the environments. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis indicated that persistent free radicals, emerged strongly in the biochars as a function of the aromatization of biomass feedstocks, were free from the influence of water-, acid-, or organic-washing of the biochars and could remain stable even after aged in soils for 30 days. Dissolved biochars, highly produced during pyrolysis processes, showed distinct properties including lower molecular weight distribution while higher aromaticity compared with soil dissolved organic *** results of this study provide important perspectives on the safe usage of biochars as agricultural/environmental amendments.

关键词： Biochar Swine manure Heavy metal Free radical Dissolved biochar

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Adsorption-desorption behavior of acetochlor to soils in the presence of some environmental substances

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Journal of environmental sciences 2002年第2期14卷 269-276页

作者： YE Chang ming, LEI Zhi fang (Research Center for Eco environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, China. Research Center for Eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 Chin

The behavior of herbicide acetochlor adsorption desorption to soil in the presence of humic acid (HA), anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDAB) and NH 4NO 3 as a chemical fertilizer was studied. Observed acetochlor adsorption isotherm were well described using Freundlich isotherm equation, from which the desorption isotherm equation has been deduced. The deduced equation can more directly describe acetochlor desorption process. The results showed that the enhance of acetochlor adsorption capacity by solid HA was greater than by soluble HA. The presence of NH 4NO 3 can slightly enhance acetochlor adsorption to soil by comparison with that measured in NH 4NO 3 free solution. In soil water system, surfactant acetochlor interaction is very complex, and the surfactant adsorptions as well as acetochlor adsorption need to be considered. When acetochlor soil suspensions contained lower concentration SDBS or HDAB (40 mg/L), K f for acetochlor adsorption was decreased in comparison to that measured in SDBS or HDAB free solution. When acetochlor soil suspensions contained higher concentration SDBS or HDAB (corresponding 1400 mg/L or 200 mg/L), K f for acetochlor adsorption was increased in comparison to that measured in SDBS or HDAB free solution.

关键词： adsorption desorption acetochlor humic acid surfactants ammonium nitrate soil

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Global environmental health:an interview with Sally Perreault Darney

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National Science Review 2016年第4期3卷 459-462页

作者： Li Xu Bin Zhao the Research Center for Eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Pollution-induced health problems are of concern across the *** China,the recent and rapid surge of economic development has been associated with public health problems as well as environmental *** recently spoke with Sally Perreault Darney,Ph.D.,the Editor-in-Chief of environmental Health Perspectives(EHP),the foremost journal about environmental *** by the

关键词： Global environmental health EHP NSR

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Bioavailability of cyanide in the different environmental compartments

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Journal of environmental sciences 2006年第2期18卷 347-352页

作者： YU Xiao-zhang LEI Jun-jie XUE Nan-dong TANG Ya-wen Department of environmental Science Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128 China State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Vascular plants possess an enzyme system that detoxifies cyanide by converting it to the amino acid asparagine. Hybrid willows （Salix matsudana Koidz×Salix alba L.） were exposed to cyanide to determine whether willows can transport and metabolize this compound. Pre-rooted trees were grown in different environmental compartments, spiked or irrigated with potassium cyanide at 24.0±0.5℃. Cyanide in compartments, in air and in tissues of plants was analyzed spectrophotometrically. Results from this study indicated that large amounts of applied cyanide was removed from the systems during the presence of willows. Growing compartments of plants have a strong influence on the removal rates of cyanide. Little or no initial cyanide was detected in plant materials. Volatilization of cyanide was not occurring. Mass balance studies showed that applied cyanide was significantly metabolized during transport through willows cuttings. However, there was a clear difference between the metabolism rates of cyanide by willows exposed to different environmental compartments. The highest cyanide metabolism rate was found at the treatment with willows growing in hydroponic solution with a metabolism rate of 2.44 mgCN/（kg, d）, followed by willows growing in sand with a value of 1.02 mgCN/（kg·d）. The lowest metabolism rate had the willows growing in soils（0.43 mgCN/（kg·d）. In conclusion, transport and metabolism of cyanide in plants is likely and phytoremediation of cyanide is a feasible option for cleaning soils and water contaminated with cyanide.

关键词： cyanide hybrid willows metabolism phytoremediation

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Analytical methods and environmental processes of nanoplastics

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Journal of environmental sciences 2020年第8期32卷 88-99页

作者： Peng Li Qingcun Li Zhineng Hao Sujuan Yu Jingfu Liu State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

The degradation of plastic debris may result in the generation of nanoplastics(NPs).Their high specific surface area for the sorption of organic pollutions and toxic heavy metals and possible transfer between organisms at different nutrient levels make the study of NPs an urgent ***,there is very limited understanding on the occurrence,distribution,abundant,and fate of NPs in the environment,partially due to the lack of suitable techniques for the separation and identification of NPs from complex environmental *** this review,we first overviewed the state-of-the-art methods for the extraction,separation,identification and quantification of NPs in the *** of them have been successfully applied for the field determination of NPs,while some are borrowed from the detection of microplastics or engineered *** the possible fate and transport of NPs in the environment are thoroughly *** great efforts have been made during the recent years,large knowledge gaps still exist,such as the relatively high detection limit of existing method failing to detect ultralow masses of NPs in the environment,and spherical polystyrene NP models failing to represent the various compositions of NPs with different irregular shapes,which needs further investigation.

关键词： Nanoplastics Separation Identification Quantification Fate

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Review on water leakage control in distribution networks and the associated environmental benefits

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Journal of environmental sciences 2014年第5期26卷 955-961页

作者： Qiang Xu Ruiping Liu Qiuwen Chen Ruonan Li Research Center for Eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Eco-environmental Research Nanjing Hydraulics Research Institute China Three Gorges University

Water supply is the primary element of an urban system. Due to rapid urbanization and water scarcity, maintaining a stable and safe water supply has become a challenge to many cities, whereas a large amount of water is lost from the pipes of distribution systems. Water leakage is not only a waste of water resources, but also incurs great socio-economic costs. This article presents a comprehensive review on the potential water leakage control approaches and specifically discusses the benefits of each to environmental conservation. It is concluded that water leakage could be further reduced by improving leakage detection capability through a combination of predictive modeling and monitoring instruments, optimizing pipe maintenance strategy, and developing an instant pressure regulation system. The environment could benefit from these actions because of water savings and the reduction of energy consumption as well as greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： water leakage control water distribution system environmental benefits

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Interactions between Soil Characteristics, environmental Factors, and Plant Species Abundance: A Case Study in the Karst Mountains of Longhushan Nature Reserve, Southwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第4期12卷 943-960页

作者： Dado TOURE GE ji-wen ZHOU Jian-wei Institute of Ecology and environmental sciences School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Faculty of environmental Geology School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences

The ability to manage and restore plant communities in the face of human-induced landscape change may rely on our ability to predict how species respond to environmental *** this response requires examining factors or their interactions that have influence on plant and resource *** objective was to analyze the relationships between changes in plant abundance and the interaction among environmental habitat factors including soil, geological(rock type), and other environmental variables in the Longhushan karst mountains *** density and dominance were examined using ANOVA, ANCOVA,and Generalized Linear Models to establish the single or combined effects of these groups of *** results showed that trends in abundance were mainly affected by rock type(related to the percentage content of dolomite and calcite), soil characteristics in association with *** plant indices were higher in dolomite dominated areas and varied positively with moisture, and elevation, but negatively with organic matter, while density also increased with slope *** results demonstrate that significant variations in species abundance was produced with the combination of variables from soil, geological, andenvironmental factors, suggesting their interaction influence on *** postulate that spatial variations in plant abundance in karst ecosystem depends on the carbonate rock type in addition to water and nutrient availability which are mainly controlled by topography and other factors such as soil texture and *** study suggests that in karst areas carbonate rock type, in addition to local environmental variables, should be taken into account when analyzing the factors that have impact on plant communities.

关键词： Interrelationship Karst soil Plant abundance Rock type Longhushan Nature Reserve

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Detection of tris-(2, 3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate as a neuronal toxicant in environmental samples using neuronal toxicity-directed analysis

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第10期54卷 1651-1658页

作者： QU GuangBo SHI JianBo LI ZhuoNa RUAN Ting FU JianJie WANG Pu WANG Thanh JIANG GuiBin State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Neuronal toxic pollutants in environment possess hazards to human health. It is essential to determine the causative neuronal toxicants in environmental samples. In the present study, viability of primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), combined with sample extraction, chemical fractionation and identification, was applied for screening acid-resistant neuronal toxic substances in environmental samples. River sediments and agricultural soils along the river near a brominated flame retardant (BFR) manufacturing plant in South China were collected to screen the key neuronal toxicants. The results indicated that the manufacturing plant was a source of neuronal toxicity risks. In the sediment and soil near the plant, one of the causative toxicants was identified as tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC) using HPLC-MS/MS. In addition, an unknown chemical possibly causing significant neuronal toxicity was isolated from all the soil samples in the region.

关键词： neuronal toxicity brominated flame retardant bioassay directed analysis

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A toxicity-based method for evaluating safety of reclaimed water for environmental reuses

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Journal of environmental sciences 2014年第10期26卷 1961-1969页

作者： Jianying Xu Chuntao Zhao Dongbin Wei Yuguo Du College of Resource Environment and Tourism Capital Normal University State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences

A large quantity of toxic chemical pollutants possibly remains in reclaimed water due to the limited removal efficiency in traditional reclamation processes. It is not enough to guarantee the safety of reclaimed water using conventional water quality criteria. An integrated assessment method based on toxicity test is necessary to vividly depict the safety of reclaimed water for reuse. A toxicity test battery consisting of lethality, genotoxicity and endocrine disrupting effect was designed to screen the multiple biological effects of residual toxic chemicals in reclaimed water. The toxicity results of reclaimed water were converted into the equivalent concentrations of the corresponding positive reference substances（EQC）. Simultaneously, the predicted no-effect concentration（PNEC） of each positive reference substance was obtained by analyzing the species sensitivity distribution（SSD） of toxicity data. An index ＂toxicity score＂ was proposed and valued as 1, 2, 3, or 4 depending on the ratio of the corresponding EQC to PNEC. For vividly ranking the safety of reclaimed water, an integrated assessment index ＂toxicity rank＂ was proposed, which was classified into A, B, C, or D rank with A being the safest. The proposed method was proved to be effective in evaluating reclaimed water samples in case studies.

关键词： Toxicity Safety Water quality Reclaimed water

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environmental sustainability of grey water footprints in Peshawar Basin:Current and future reduced flow scenarios for Kabul River

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第4期12卷 162-168页

作者： Tariq Khan Hizbullah Khan Department of environmental sciences University of Haripur22640Pakistan Department of environmental sciences University of Peshawar25000Pakistan

Assessing water pollution at basin level is a challenging *** this study,the environmental sustainability of grey water footprints(WFgrey)of Peshawar Basin in Pakistan was *** release of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)from point and non-point sources during the period 1986 to 2015 were *** pollution level(WPL)for normal and 10%-50%future reduced runoff in Kabul River as a result of construction of dams was *** described in Water Footprint Assessment Manual and Grey Water Footprint Accounting Guidelines were *** showed that 30-year annual average of N and P discharges were 24.5×10^(3)t/a and 10.9×10^(4)t/a *** discharge of N and P from non-point sources contribute 97%and 99%respectively.N related WFgrey was 50×10^(8)m^(3)/a and 50×10^(9)m^(3)/a for *** of N was within the sustainable limit for all reduced runoff scenarios while P-related WPL for normal runoff exceeded sustainable limits and was worse in each reduced runoff *** study confirms the deteriorated water quality of Kabul River and the findings may be helpful for future planning and water resource management of the basin.

关键词： sustainability grey water footprint nitrogen phosphorus water pollution Kabul River Pakistan

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