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Evaluating the Impacts of Human Activities on Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Large Mammals in Nimule National Park, South Sudan

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第5期14卷 483-507页

作者： Abdallah Gordon Shazali Joseph Mayindo Mayele Joel Emmanuel Saburi Jubara Nadlin Department of Wildlife College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Juba Juba South Sudan Department of Environment and Natural Resources School of Forestry Environmental and Geographical Sciences College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Forestry College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Juba Juba South Sudan Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

Globally, human activities have a significant impact on the diversity, abundance, and distribution of large mammals in Protected Areas (PAs). These disturbances increase human pressure on biodiversity and species habitats, highlighting the need for conservation. This study aimed to assess the abundance and distribution of large mammals in different habitat types within Nimule National Park (NNP) and understand the impacts of human activities on them. Data on the abundance and distribution of large mammals and their respective habitat types were collected through line transect surveys. Human activity signs were observed and recorded along the transect lines. To estimate the impacts of human activities on the diversity, abundance, and distribution of large mammal species, as well as to identify any significant differences between them and their habitat types, the study utilized the Kruskal Wallis test, Polynomial multiple regressions, and diversity indices. The findings from the Shannon-Weiner and Simpson indices indicated that large mammal species were more diverse inside the park (H’ = 1.136;D = 0.570) compared to the buffer zone (H’ = 0.413;D = 0.171), with 85% (443 out of 510 samples) recorded within Nimule National Park. The species abundance showed a semi-balanced status (0.58). The diversity results among different habitat types revealed that large mammals were more diverse and highly distributed in both open woodlands (244) and dense woodlands (192), while riverine vegetation had the lowest diversity (8). Statistical tests demonstrated a highly significant difference at a 99% confidence interval (p-value = 0.01) between habitat types and identified species of large mammals. Additionally, the results highlighted the high abundance of Uganda kob (274), baboons (141), and warthog (57) across most habitat types, accounting for at least 75% of their distribution. The most prevalent human activities observed were cattle footprints (27%) and cattle dung (14%). Human

关键词： Diversity of Large Mammals Abundance and Distribution Impacts Biodiversity Conservation Human Activities Nimule National Park South Sudan

Mesoporous amorphous FeOOH-encapsulated BiO_(2–x) photocatalyst with harnessing broad spectrum toward activation of persulfate for tetracycline degradation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第7期71卷 235-248页

作者： Pengfei Wu Zhaolong Liu Li Wu Yingkun Zhang Bing Wang Zhanghao Cheng Wenquan Cui Xiangyang Lv Qingling Liu Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air environmental Quality Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Hebei Pollution Control Technology Innovation Center of Steel and Coking Industry Department of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringHebei College of Industry and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050091China Hebei Key Laboratory of environmental Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Materials College of Chemical EngineeringNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210China Hebei Academy of Product Quality Supervision&Inspection Shijiazhuang 050227China

With the growing concern about the water environment,the advanced oxidation process of persulfate activation assisted by photocatalysis has attracted considerable attention to decompose dissolved organic *** this work,to overcome the drawbacks of the photocatalytic activity reduction caused by the photo-corrosion of non-stoichiometric BiO_(2–x),a novel material with amorphous FeOOH in situ grown on layered BiO_(2–x) to form a core-shell structure similar to popcorn chicken-like morphology was produced in two simple and environmentally beneficial *** a series of degradation activity tests of hybrid materials under different conditions,the as-prepared materials exhibited remarkable degradation activity and stability toward tetracycline in the FeOOH@BiO_(2–x)/Vis/PS system due to the synergism of photocatalysis and persulfate *** results of XRD,SEM,TEM,XPS,FTIR,and BET show that the loading of FeOOH increases the specific surface area and active sites appreciably;the heterogeneous structure formed by FeOOH and BiO_(2–x) is more favorable to the effective separation of photogenerated *** optimal degradation conditions were at a catalyst addition of 0.7 g·L^(–1),a persulfate concentration of 1.0 g·L^(–1),and an initial pH of 4.5,at which the degradation rate could reach 94.7%after 90 *** influence of typical inorganic anions on degradation was also *** studies and radical quenching experiments revealed that·OH,SO_(4)^(-)·,and·O_(2)^(-)were the principal active species generated during the degradation of *** results of the 1,10-phenanthroline approach proved that the effect of dissolved iron ions on the tetracycline degradation was limited,and the interfacial reaction that occurs on the active sites on the material's surface was a critical *** work provides a novel method for producing efficient broad-spectrum Bismuth-based composite photocatalysts and photocatalytic-activated persulfate synerg

关键词： Amorphous FeOOH BiO_(2–x) Activated persulfate Photocatalytic Tetracycline degradation

Characteristics Variation of Atmospheric CO_(2)and CH_(4)in Yongxing Island,South China Sea

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第2期23卷 438-446页

作者： LV Honggang JIANG Yifei WANG Haiyan Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterMinistry of Natural Resources(MNR)Beijing 100081China National Marine environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China

Using the observation data in Yongxing Island,South China Sea(SCS)from December 2013 to November 2018,the multiple time scales variation of atmospheric CO_(2)and CH_(4)were analyzed to understand their temporal variation characteristics and controlling *** regional-averaged background mole fractions of CO_(2)and CH_(4)both show a single-period sinusoidal variation with a lower value at noon and a higher value in the wee *** the seasonal scale,they exhibited a significant seasonal difference with higher values in winter and lower values in *** the annual scale,CO_(2)and CH_(4)both show an increasing trend,with an annual growth rate of approximately 3.2 ppm and 12 ppb,*** annual growth rate at this site was higher than the global *** change in atmospheric CO_(2)and CH_(4)in Yongxing Island was probably caused by the higher emission of the surrounding areas and the airflows driven by ***,the long-term and high-resolution greenhouse gases(GHGs)dataset will aid relevent researchers and decision-makers in performing more in-depth studies for GHG sources in order to derive effective strategies.

关键词： carbon dioxide methane observation backward trajectory atmospheric transport

Phosphorus limitation on CO_(2)fertilization effect in tropical forests informed by a coupled biogeochemical model

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 502-515页

作者： Zhuonan Wang Hanqin Tian Shufen Pan Hao Shi Jia Yang Naishen Liang Latif Kalin Christopher Anderson Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and SocietyBoston CollegeChestnut HillMAUSA Department of Earth and environmental Sciences Boston CollegeChestnut HillMAUSA Department of Engineering Boston CollegeChestnut HillMAUSA Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Center for Global environmental Research(CGER) National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES)TsukubaIbaraki305-8506Japan College of Forestry Wildlife and EnvironmentAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA

Tropical forests store more than half of the world's terrestrial carbon(C)pool and account for one-third of global net primary productivity(NPP).Many terrestrial biosphere models(TBMs)estimate increased productivity in tropical forests throughout the 21st century due to CO_(2)***,phosphorus(P)liaitations on vegetation photosynthesis and productivity could significantly reduce the CO_(2)fertilization ***,we used a carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus coupled model(Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model;DLEM-CNP)with heterogeneous maximum carboxylation rates to examine how P limitation has affected C fluxes in tropical forests *** model results showed that the inclusion of the P processes enhanced model performance in simulating ecosystem *** further compared the simulations from DLEM-CNP,DLEM-CN,and DLEMC and the results showed that the inclusion of P processes reduced the CO_(2)fertilization effect on gross primary production(GPP)by 25%and 45%,and net ecosystem production(NEP)by 28%and 41%,respectively,relative to CN-only and C-on ly *** the 1860s to the 2010s,the DLEM-CNP estimated that in tropical forests GPP increased by 17%,plant respiration(Ra)increased by 18%,ecosystem respiration(Rh)increased by 13%,NEP increased by 121%per unit area,***,factorial experiments with DLEM-CNP showed that the enhanced NPP benefiting from the CO_(2) fertilization effect had been offset by 135%due to deforestation from the 1860s to the *** study highlights the importance of P limitation on the C cycle and the weakened CO_(2)fertilization effect resulting from P limitation in tropical forests.

关键词： Tropical forests Carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus model Phosphorus limitation CO_(2)fertilization effect Terrestfial ecosy stem model

Toward a Learnable Climate Model in the Artificial Intelligence Era

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1281-1288页

作者： Gang HUANG Ya WANG Yoo-Geun HAM Bin MU Weichen TAO Chaoyang XIE State key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of environmental Planning Graduate School of Environmental StudiesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea School of Software Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Artificial intelligence(AI)models have significantly impacted various areas of the atmospheric sciences,reshaping our approach to climate-related *** this AI-driven transformation,the foundational role of physics in climate science has occasionally been *** perspective suggests that the future of climate modeling involves a synergistic partnership between AI and physics,rather than an“either/or”*** controversies around current physical inconsistencies in large AI models,we stress the critical need for detailed dynamic diagnostics and physical ***,we provide illustrative examples to guide future assessments and constraints for AI *** AI integration with numerical models,we argue that offline AI parameterization schemes may fall short of achieving global optimality,emphasizing the importance of constructing online ***,we highlight the significance of fostering a community culture and propose the OCR(Open,Comparable,Reproducible)*** a better community culture and a deep integration of physics and AI,we contend that developing a learnable climate model,balancing AI and physics,is an achievable goal.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning learnable climate model

Numerical study of the influence of the atmospheric pressure on the thermal environment in the passenger cabin

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Building Simulation 2024年第2期17卷 253-265页

作者： Xin Su Yu Guo Zhengwei Long Yi Cao Tianjin Key Lab.of Indoor Air environmental Quality Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute Jinke RoadPudong DistrictShanghai201210China

The cabin air pressure remains lower than the horizontal atmospheric pressure when the airplane is in *** pressure is one of the parameters that must be taken into consideration while studying the thermal environment of an airplane *** are still no reference values for aircraft cabins despite the fact that numerous studies on low pressure heat transfer have demonstrated the connection between convective heat transfer coefficient(CHTC)and air *** this paper,a correction method for CHTC under low pressure conditions was established by using the dummy heat dissipation in the low-pressure cabin *** this basis,a thermal environment simulation model was developed,then was applied to the simulation of a seven-row aircraft cabin containing 42 passengers,and the CHTC and heat loss of dummy surface in the cabin were ***,the results of PMV calculated by using heat dissipation and air parameters at sampling points were *** results show that the modified CHTC can accurately reflect the cabin thermal environment under low pressure conditions,and the correction of CHTC can be realized by adjusting the turbulent Prandtl number,which is nonlinear correlated with the *** simulation results of the thermal environment in the seven-row cabin show that the CHTC changes by about 42%before and after *** air pressure decreases during take-off,which reduces the average CHTC of the crew surface from 5.09 W/(m^(2)·K)to 4.56 W/(m^(2)·K),but the air temperature rises by about 0.2°C as a *** deviation of PMV results calculated by using simulated heat loss data and using air parameters of measuring points in space is up to 0.5,but the latter is representative for calculating the thermal comfort level of the whole cabin.

关键词： low pressure aircraft cabin simulation heat dissipation convective heat transfer coefficient

Comprehensive insight into the occurrence characteristics,influencing factors and risk assessments of antibiotics in the Chaohu Basin

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 57-71页

作者： Shuanggang Hu Hongzhi Zhang Yongjie Yang Kangping Cui Junjie Ao Xuneng Tong Mengchen Shi Yi Wang Xing Chen Chenxuan Li Yihan Chen School of Resources and environmental Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei230009China Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s environmental Health Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200092China Department of Civil & environmental Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore117576Singapore College of Resources and Environment Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei230036China

The pollution of antibiotics in aquatic environments has received extensive ***,research on antibiotic contamination in river-lake systems,a significant form of modern aquatic environments,still needs to be *** study focuses on the Chaohu Basin(China)investigating the occurrence characteristics,influencing factors,and risk assessments of antibiotics in the river-lake *** total antibiotic concentrations in the water phase and sediment phase were 3.14–1887.49 ng/L and 0.92–1553.75 ng/g,*** was the predominant antibiotic in the water phase,whereas tetracycline prevailed in the sediment *** differences in concentration and structural composition of antibiotics between the tributaries(river system)and Chaohu Lake were observed,indicating the involvement of various geochemical processes in the attenuation of antibiotics during transport to the receiving *** analysis suggested that the western river is the primary source of antibiotics in Chaohu *** nutrient influx in heavily polluted areas is crucial to addressing the escalating issue of antibiotic pollution in the river-lake *** widespread occurrence of clindamycin in the waters is likely due to wastewater treatment plant discharges,and high-intensity human activities continue to exacerbate antibiotic *** assessment indicated that sulfamethoxazole,tetracycline,lincomycin,and clindamycin ranked in the top four with the highest risks to the most sensitive aquatic ***,the antibiotics presented no risk to consumer *** study provides valuable insights for controlling antibiotic pollution in riverlake systems.

关键词： Antibiotics Occurrence characteristics Influencing factors Risk assessments River-lake system

Synergistic promotion of particulate matter reduction and production performance via adjusting electrochemical reactions in the zinc electrolysis industry

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 23-33页

作者： Zizhen Ma Jingkun Jiang Lei Duan Jianguo Deng Fuyuan Xu Zehui Li Linhua Jiang Ning Duan School of environmental and Municipal Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266520China State Key Joint Laboratory of environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of the EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Heavy particulate matter (PM) pollution and high energy consumption are the bottlenecks of hydrometallurgy, especially in the electrolysis process. Therefore, an urgent need is to explore PM reduction methods with production performance co-benefits. This study presents three PM reduction methods based on controlling operating parameters, i.e., lowering electrolyte temperature, H2SO4 concentration, and current density of the cathode. The optimized conditions were also investigated using the response surface methodology to balance the PM reduction effect and Zn production. The results showed that lowering electrolyte temperature is the most efficient, with an 89.0% reduction in the PM generation flux (GFPM). Reducing H2SO4 concentration led to the minimum side effects on the current efficiency of Zn deposition (CEZn) or power consumption (PC). With the premise of non-deteriorating CEZn and PC, GFPM can be reduced by 86.3% at the optimal condition (electrolyte temperature = 295 K, H2SO4 = 110 g/L, current density = 373 A/m^(2)). In addition, the reduction mechanism was elucidated by comprehensively analyzing bubble characteristics, electrochemical reactions, and surface tension. Results showed that lower electrolyte temperature inhibited the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and compressed gas volume. Lower H2SO4 concentration inhibited the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and reduced electrolyte surface tension. Lower current density inhibited both OER and HER by decreasing the reaction current. The inhibited gas evolutions reduced the microbubbles’ number and size, thereby reducing GFPM. These results may provide energy-efficient PM reduction methods and theoretical hints of exploring cleaner PM reduction approaches for industrial electrolysis.

关键词： Zinc electrolysis Particulate matter Energy consumption Operating parameters Bubble characteristic Electrochemical reaction

Cardiac energy metabolism disorder mediated by energy substrate imbalance and mitochondrial damage upon tebuconazole exposure

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 270-278页

作者： Tingting Ku Jindong Hu Mengmeng Zhou Yuanyuan Xie Yutong Liu Xin Tan Lin Guo Guangke Li Nan Sang College of environmental Science and Resources Research Center of Environment and HealthShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Tebuconazole exposure has been described as an increasing hazard to human *** increasing number of recent studies have shown a positive association between tebuconazole exposure and cardiovascular disease risk,which is characterized by the reduction of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)***,researches on the damage of tebuconazole exposure to energy metabolism and the related molecular mechanisms are *** the present study,male C57BL/6 mice were treated with tebuconazole at different low concentrations for 4 *** results indicated that tebuconazole could accumulate in the heart and further induce the decrease of ATP content in the mouse ***,tebuconazole induced an obvious shift in substrate utilization of fatty acid and glucose by disrupting their corresponding transporters(GLUT1,GLUT4,CD36,FABP3 and FATP1)expression,and significantly repressed the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis(Gabpa and Tfam)and oxidative phosphorylation(CS,Ndufa4,Sdhb,Cox5a and Atp5b)related genes in a dosedependent *** investigation revealed that these alterations were related to the IRS1/AKT and PPARγ/RXRα*** findings contribute to a better understanding of triazole fungicide-induced cardiovascular disease by revealing the key indicators associated with this phenomenon.

关键词： Tebuconazole Cardiotoxicity Energy metabolic disorders Energy substrate Mitochondrial damage