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Characterization and prediction of tailpipe ammonia emissions from in-use China 5/6 light-duty gasoline vehicles

Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 71-81页

作者： Lewei Zeng Fengbin Wang Shupei Xiao Xuan Zheng Xintong Li Qiyuan Xie Xiaoyang Yu Cheng Huang Qingyao Hu Yan You Ye Wu College of Chemistry and environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China state key laboratory of Engines Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.Ltd. Tianjin 300300China CATARC Automotive Test Center(Guangzhou)Co.Ltd. Guangzhou 511300China state environmental Protection key laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental SciencesShanghai 200233China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

On-road tailpipe ammonia (NH3) emissions contribute to urban secondary organic aerosol formation and have direct or indirect adverse impacts on the environment and human health. To understand the tailpipe NH3 emission characteristics, we performed comprehensive chassis dynamometer measurements of NH3 emission from two China 5 and two China 6 light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) equipped with three-way catalytic converters (TWCs). The results showed that the distance-based emission factors (EFs) were 12.72 ± 2.68 and 3.18 ± 1.37 mg/km for China 5 and China 6 LDGVs, respectively. Upgrades in emission standards were associated with a reduction in tailpipe NH3 emission. In addition, high NH3 EFs were observed during the engine warm-up period in cold-start cases owing to the intensive emissions of incomplete combustion products and suitable catalytic temperature in the TWCs. Notably, based on the instantaneous NH3 emission rate, distinct NH3–emitting events were detected under high/extra high velocity or rapid acceleration. Furthermore, NH3 emission rates correlated well with engine speed, vehicle specific power, and modified combustion efficiency, which were more easily accessible. These strong correlations were applied to reproduce NH3 emissions from China 5/6 LDGVs. The predicted NH3 EFs under different dynamometer and real-world cycles agreed well with existing measurement and prediction results, revealing that the NH3 EFs of LDGVs in urban routes were within 8.55–11.62 mg/km. The results presented here substantially contribute to improving the NH3 emission inventory for LDGVs and predicting on-road NH3 emissions in China.

关键词： NH3 instantaneous emissions Catalytic temperature Vehicle specific power Combustion efficiency Emission prediction

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Degradation of iopamidol in the permanganate/sulfite process:Evolution of iodine species and effect on the subsequent formation of disinfection by-products

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 345-352页

作者： Yimin Lin Hongyu Dong Yating Zhu Gongming Zhou Junlian Qiao Xiaohong Guan state key laboratory of pollution control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of environmental Science School of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

Permanganate/sulfite(Mn(VII)/S(IV))process is a promising pre-oxidation technology for sequestering the emerging organic contaminants in drinking water treatment ***(IPM),a representative of iodinated X-ray contrast media,has been widely detected in water sources and has the risk of forming iodinated disinfection byproducts(I-DBPs)in water treatment *** this study,we investigated the evolution of iodine species during the IPM degradation by the Mn(VII)/S(IV)process and its effect on the subsequent formation of I-DBPs during chlorination at pH 7.0 and *** could be effectively degraded in the Mn(VII)/S(IV)process at environmentally relevant pH(pH 7.0 and 8.0).The results of quenching and competitive oxidation kinetic experiments revealed that SO^(·-)_(4)was the major reactive oxidizing species contributing to the degradation of IPM whereas the contributions of HO·and reactive manganese species were negligible in the Mn(VII)/S(IV)process.I–and IO–3were generated while no HOI was detected during the degradation of IPM in the Mn(VII)/S(IV)*** effects of IPM oxidation by Mn(VII)/S(IV)on the subsequent formation of chlorinated disinfection by-products(Cl-DBPs)during chlorination were related to the category of *** pre-oxidation of IPM by Mn(VII)/S(IV)resulted in the generation of I-DBPs during the disinfection process although no I-DBPs were detected if no pre-oxidation was *** finding of this study suggested that attention should be paid to the toxicity of DBPs when water containing iodinated organic contaminants is treated by Mn(VII)/S(IV)process or other pre-oxidation technologies.

关键词： Permanganate/sulfite Iopamidol Sulfate radical Iodinated disinfection byproducts Pre-oxidation

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Boosting the catalytic performance of Cu-SAPO-34in NO_(x) removal via hydrothermal treatment

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 640-655页

作者： Xiaoyan Tian Huimin Wang Siyuan Xu Lianyun Gao Jinyan Cao Jianjun Chen Qiulin Zhang Ping Ning Jiming Hao Faculty of environmental Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China National-Regional Engineering Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Phosphate ions promoted Cu-SAPO-34(P-Cu-SAPO-34)were prepared using bulk CuO particles as Cu^(2+)precursor by a solid-state ion exchange technique for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x) with NH_3(NH_3-SCR).The effects of high temperature(H-T)hydrothermal aging on the NO_(x) removal(de-NO_(x))performance of Cu-SAPO-34 with and without phosphate ions were systematically investigated at atomic *** results displayed that both Cu-SAPO-34 and P-Cu-SAPO-34 presented relatively poor NO_(x) removal activity with a low conversion(<30%)at 250-500℃.However,after H-T hydrothermal treatment(800℃ for 10 hr at 10%H_2O),these two samples showed significantly satisfied NO_(x) elimination performance with a quite high conversion(70%-90%)at 250-500℃.Additionally,phosphate ions decoration can further enhance the catalytic performance of Cu-SAPO-34 after hydrothermal treatment(Cu-SAPO-34H).The textural properties,morphologies,structural feature,acidity,redox characteristic,and surface-active species of the fresh and hydrothermally aged samples were analyzed using various characterization *** systematical characterization results revealed that increases of 28%of the isolated Cu^(2+)active species(Cu^(2+)-2Z,Cu(OH)^(+)-Z)mainly from bulk CuO and 50%of the Bronsted acid sites,the high dispersion of isolated Cu^(2+)active component as well as the Bronsted acid sites were mainly responsible for the accepted catalytic activity of these two hydrothermally aged samples,especially for P-Cu-SAPO-34H.

关键词： NH_(3)-SCR Cu-SAPO-34 Hydrothermal induced Phosphate ions

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Uncovering the coupling effect with energy-related carbon emissions and human development variety in Chinese provinces

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 527-542页

作者： Liu Chen Yiqi Tan Gengpei Lv Weiguang Cai Xiaofeng Gao Rui Li School of Management Science and Real Estate Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China state key joint laboratory of Environment simulation and pollution control(SKLESPC) School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China key laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment Ministry of EducationCollege of Environment and EcologyChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Lessening energy-related carbon emissions has become a crucial measure to achieve Chinese carbon *** study is the first to construct a Difference in Carbon pressures-adjusted Human Development Index(DCHDI)model for the purpose of exploring the coupling effect between carbon emissions and human development variety from 2000 to 2019 in Chinese *** demonstrate the following.(1)The total energy-related carbon footprint of 30 provinces in China reached 10.2 billion tons in 2019,with an average annual growth rate of 6.93% over the past two decades;and the provinces with the highest carbon emissions per capita are InnerMongolia,Ningxia,and Shanxi.(2)At the provincial level,we observed that the Human Development Index(HDI),which includes life expectancy,education,and income,has been rising,while Beijing,Shanghai,and Tianjin entered the super-high HDI level before 2008.(3)The entire coupling effect of 30 Chinese provinces has been broadly fortified in the last 20 years,but the growth rate of DCHDI values in 2011-2019 has slowed down compared with that in 2000-2010;the clustering phenomenon demonstrated that this discovery is associated with historical peaks in total carbon emissions.(4)The co-ordination degree of carbon emissions per capita and HDI was verified,and 96% of the data points were found in the range of super high coupling coordination ***,this study provides the government with worthwhile guidance for decision-making and carbon reduction strategies for other countries struggling to advance human sustainable development.

关键词： Energy-related carbon emissions Human sustainable development DCHDI model Coupling effect Chinese provinces

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Efficient Metal Recovery from Industrial Wastewater:Potential Oscillation and Turbulence Mode for Electrochemical System

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 184-193页

作者： Li Chen Gong Zhang Huijuan Liu Shiyu Miao Qingbai Chen Huachun Lan Jiuhui Qu Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Efficient metal recovery from industrial wastewater facilitates addressing of the environmental hazards and resource requirements of heavy *** conventional electrodeposition recovery method is hampered by the limitations of interfacial ion transport in charge-transfer reactions,creating challenges for simultaneous rapid and high-quality metal ***,we proposed integrating a transient electric field(TE)and swirling flow(SF)to synchronously enhance bulk mass transfer and promote interfacial ion *** investigated the effects of the operation mode,transient frequency,and flow rate on metal recovery,enabling determination of the optimal operating conditions for rapid and efficient sequential recovery of Cu in TE&SF *** conditions included low and high electric levels of 0 and 4 V,a 50%duty cycle,1 kHz frequency,and 400 L·h^(-1)flow *** kinetic coefficients of TE&SF electrodeposition were 3.5-4.3 and 1.37-1.97 times that of single TE and SF electrodeposition,*** the deposition process under TE and SF conditions confirmed the efficient concurrence of interfacial ion transport and charge transfer under TE and SF synergy,which achieved rapid and highquality metal ***,the combined deposition strategy is considered an effective technique for reducing metal pollution and promoting resource recycling.

关键词： Ion transport Reaction kinetics Transient electric field Swirling flow

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Constructing extrinsic oxygen vacancy on the surface of photocatalyst as CO_(2)and electrons reservoirs to improve photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction activity

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 37-45页

作者： Zaiyong Jiang Hao Li Zhimin Yuan Zheng Wang Maohong Fan Wenkang Miao Hong He state key joint laboratory of Environment simulation and pollution control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China School of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering and environmental Engineering Weifang UniversityWeifangShandong 261061China Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA Materials Genome Institute Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Constructing own oxygen vacancies in the photocatalysts is a very promising method to improve their photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction ***,some catalysts have excellent stabilities,making it difficult for them to construct their own oxygen *** simplify the above difficulty of stable photocatalysts,constructing extrinsic oxygen vacancies on their surface as a novel idea is ***,a stable TiO_(2)nanosheet is chosen as a research object,we uniformly deposited BiOCl quantum dots on their surface via a simple adsorption-deposition *** is found that BiOCl quantum dots are able to simultaneously self-transform into defective BiOCl with many oxygen vacancies when the photocatalyst is performed photocatalytic CO_(2)*** extrinsic oxygen vacancies can act as“CO_(2)and photo-generated electrons reservoirs”to improve CO_(2)capture and accelerate the separation of photogenerated electrons and *** the above reasons,the modified TiO_(2)showed obvious enhancement of photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction compared to pristine TiO_(2)and *** work may open a new avenue to broaden the use of oxygen vacancies in the process of photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.

关键词： Oxygen vacancy BiOCl Photocatalyst CO_(2)reduction TiO_(2)

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Stress corrosion cracking behavior of buried oil and gas pipeline steel under the coexistence of magnetic field and sulfate-reducing bacteria

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1320-1332页

作者： Jian-Yu He Fei Xie Dan Wang Guang-Xin Liu Ming Wu Yue Qin College of Petroleum Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical UniversityFushun113001LiaoningChina key laboratory of Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Technology in Liaoning Province Fushun113001LiaoningChina state key joint laboratory of Environment simulation and pollution control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China PipeChina West East Gas Pipeline Company Shanghai200120China

Magnetic field and microorganisms are important factors influencing the stress corrosion cracking(SCC)of buried oil and gas pipelines. Once SCC occurs in buried pipelines, it will cause serious hazards to the soil environment. The SCC behavior of X80 pipeline steel under the magnetic field and sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) environment was investigated by immersion tests, electrochemical tests, and slow strain rate tensile(SSRT) tests. The results showed that the corrosion and SCC sensitivity of X80 steel decreased with increasing the magnetic field strength in the sterile environment. The SCC sensitivity was higher in the biotic environment inoculated with SRB, but it also decreased with increasing magnetic field strength, which was due to the magnetic field reduces microbial activity and promotes the formation of dense film layer. This work provided theoretical guidance on the prevention of SCC in pipeline steel under magnetic field and SRB coexistence.

关键词： Magnetic field Sulfate-reducing bacteria Film layer Stress corrosion cracking Oil and gas pipelines

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Distinct effect of preparation methods on reaction efficiency of Mn-Ce/Al2O3 catalysts in low-temperature NH3-SCR

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1865-1872页

作者： Shijie Hao Yandi Cai Wei Wei Yanan Lv Jiawei Ji Wei Tan Jingfang Sun Liwei Jia Changjin Tang Lin Dong state key laboratory of pollution control and Resource Reuse School of EnvironmentJiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions ControlCenter of Modern AnalysisKey Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOESchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Wuxi Weifu environmental Catalysts Co. Ltd. School of Environment Nanjing Normal University

In this study,a series of Mn-Ce/Al2O3catalysts was prepared by different methods of depositionprecipitation（MnCeAl-DP）,impregnation（MnCeAl-IM） and citric acid（MnCeAl-CA）,and the distinct effect of preparation methods on NOxremoval performance at low temperature was *** show that MnCeAl-DP exhibits not only the best activity but also the highest resistance against SO2/*** the assistance of comprehensive characterizations from scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,H2-temperature programmed reduction（H2-TPR）,NH3-te mperature programmed deso rption（NH3-TPD）,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）,it is revealed that the MnCeAl-DP sample owns admired features of large surface area and pore volume,enriched Mn4+and chemisorbed oxygen species originating from enhanced interaction between MnOxand CeO2,as well as improved adsorption capacity to NH3and *** these factors contribute to activity *** in-situ DRIFTS studies reveal that the improvement of NH3-SCR performance over MnCeAI-DP is related to the formation of abundant nitrate species,which is beneficial to the "NH4NO3" reaction pathway and thus enhances low-temperature activity.

关键词： Fast SCR Low temperature Mn-Ce/Al2O3 catalysts NH3-SCR NH4NO3 Rare earths

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Disinfection Byproducts and Their Precursors in Drinking Water Sources:Origins,Influencing Factors,and environmental Insights

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 36-50页

作者： Rong Xiao Yang Deng Zuxin Xu Wenhai Chu state key laboratory of pollution control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Ministry of Education key laboratory of the Yangtze River Water Environment Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Earth and environmental Studies Montclair State UniversityMontclairNJ 07043USA

Tracing the contamination origins in water sources and identifying the impacts of natural and human processes are essential for ecological safety and public ***,current analysis approaches are not ideal,as they tend to be laborious,time-consuming,or technically *** byproducts(DBPs)are a family of well-known secondary pollutants formed by the reactions of chemical disinfectants with DBP precursors during water disinfection *** DBP precursors have various origins(e.g.,natural,domestic,industrial,and agricultural sources),and since the formation of DBPs from different precursors in the presence of specific disinfectants is distinctive,we argue that DBPs and DBP precursors can serve as alternative indicators to assess the contamination in water sources and identify pollution *** providing a retrospective of the origins of DBPs and DBP precursors,as well as the specific formation patterns of DBPs from different precursors,this article presents an overview of the impacts of various natural and anthropogenic factors on DBPs and DBP precursors in drinking water *** practice,the DBPs(i.e.,their concentration and speciation)originally present in source water and the DBP precursors determined using DBP formation potential tests—in which water samples are dosed with a stoichiometric excess of specific disinfectants in order to maximize DBP formation under certain reaction conditions—can be considered as alternative *** jointly used with other water quality parameters(e.g.,dissolved organic carbon,dissolved organic nitrogen,fluorescence,and molecular weight distribution)and specific contaminants of emerging concern(e.g.,certain pharmaceuticals and personal care products),DBPs and DBP precursors in drinking water sources can provide a more comprehensive picture of water pollution for better managing water resources and ensuring human health.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts Disinfection byproduct precursors Drinking water sources Contamination indicator Natural factors Human factors

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Multifaceted Aquatic environmental Differences between Nanoplastics and Microplastics:Behavior and Fate

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Environment & Health 2024年第10期2卷 688-701页

作者： Sheng Wang Noor Sulaiman AL-Hasni Zhaoli Liu Airong Liu state key laboratory for pollution control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Microplastics and nanoplastics are emerging pollutants of concern in the aquatic environment that are causing increasing global environmental and human health *** there has been extensive research on microplastics and nanoplastics,little has been said about the differences in their behavior in the aquatic environment,and many studies have considered them as the same class of hazardous materials;but in fact,microplastics and nanoplastics should be considered as two different types of environmentally hazardous *** this review,we propose that microplastics and nanoplastics behave in the aquatic environment in a size-dependent manner and should be *** we systematically analyzed the differences in the behavior of microplastics and nanoplastics in the aquatic environment in terms of five aspects:1)distribution behavior;2)adsorption behavior;3)reaction with natural colloids;4)aging and leaching behavior;5)interaction with *** paper has been written to draw academic attention to the different behaviors of microplastics and nanoplastics in the aquatic environment in order to distinguish between their effects on humans and the environment.

关键词： Microplastics Nanoplastics Aquatic environmental behavior Differences

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