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research on ozone formation sensitivity based on observational methods:Development history,methodology,and application and prospects in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 543-560页

作者： Wanghui Chu Hong Li Yuanyuan Ji Xin Zhang Likun Xue Jian Gao Cong An State Key Laboratory of environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Environment research institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Observation-based method for O_(3)formation sensitivity research is an important tool to analyze the causes of ground-level O_(3)pollution,which has broad application potentials in determining the O_(3)pollution formation mechanism and developing prevention and control strategies.This paper outlined the development history of research on O_(3)formation sensitivity based on observational methods,described the principle and applicability of the methodology,summarized the relative application results in China and provided recommendations on the prevention and control of O_(3)pollution in China based on relevant study results,and finally pointed out the shortcomings and future development prospects in this field in China.The overview study showed that the O_(3)formation sensitivity in some urban areas in China in recent years presented a gradual shifting tendency from the VOC-limited regime to the transition regime or the NO_(x)-limited regime due to the implementation of the O_(3)precursors emission reduction policies;O_(3)pollution control strategies and precursor control countermeasures should be formulated based on local conditions and the dynamic control capability of O_(3)pollution control measures should be improved.There are still some current deficiencies in the study field in China.Therefore,it is recommended that a stereoscopic monitoring network for atmospheric photochemical components should be further constructed and improved;the atmospheric chemical mechanisms should be vigorously developed,and standardized methods for determining the O_(3)formation sensitivity should be established in China in the near future.

关键词： Observation-based method Ozone formation sensitivity Ozone pollution prevention and control VOCs NO_(x) OBM

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Comparative study between three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts for antimicrobial applications

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 594-605页

作者： Mohamed S.Selim Ahmed M.Azzam Mohamed A.Shenashen Shimaa A.Higazy Bayaumy B.Mostafa Sherif A.El-Safty National institute for Materials Science(NIMS) 1-2-1 SengenTsukuba-ShiIbaraki-Ken 305-0047Japan Petroleum Application Department Egyptian Petroleum Research InstituteNasr City 11727Egypt Department of environmental research Theodor Bilharz Research InstituteGizaEgypt

The design of nanostructured materials occupies a privileged position in the development and management of affordable and effective technology in the antibacterial sector.Here,we discuss the antimicrobial properties of three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts materials of graphene oxide(GO),reduced graphene oxide(RGO),and single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)that have a mechano-bactericidal effect,and the ability to piercing or slicing bacterial membranes.To demonstrate the significance of size,morphology and composition on the antibacterial activity mechanism,the designed nanomaterials have been characterized.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),standard agar well diffusion,and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to evaluate the antibacterial activity of GO,RGO,and SWCNTs.Based on the evidence obtained,the three carbonaceous materials exhibit activity against all microbial strains tested by completely encapsulating bacterial cells and causing morphological disruption by degrading the microbial cell membrane in the order of RGO>GO>SWCNTs.Because of the external cell wall structure and outer membrane proteins,the synthesized carbonaceous nanomaterials exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains than Gram-negative and fungal microorganisms.RGO had the lowest MIC values(0.062,0.125,and 0.25 mg/mL against B.subtilis,S.aureus,and E.coli,respectively),as well as minimum fungal concentrations(0.5 mg/mL for both A.fumigatus and C.albicans).At 12 hr,the cell viability values against tested microbial strains were completely suppressed.Cell lysis and death occurred as a result of severe membrane damage caused by microorganisms perched on RGO nanoblades.Our work gives an insight into the design of effective graphene-based antimicrobial materials for water treatment and remediation.

关键词： Antimicrobial properties Nanoblades Mechano-bactericidal effect RGO nanosheets Gram-positive bacteria Cell viability

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Dynamic emission characteristics and control strategies of air pollutants from motor vehicles in downtown Beijing,China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 637-646页

作者： Yan Shen Tongran Wu Aiping Lian Jie Gao Fei Peng Guohua Song Xuefang Wu Yangyang Cui Xinyu Liu Yunfei Wan Jing Yan Yifeng Xue National Engineering research Center of Urban environmental Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental ProtectionBeijing 100037China Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau Beijing 100048China Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100091China

This study combined the real-time monitoring and investigation of traffic flows to comprehensively analyze the road traffic flow and vehicle structure in downtown Beijing.A dynamic emission inventory of motor vehicle air pollutants in downtown Beijing in 2021 was established,and the impact of these emissions on air quality was simulated and quantified,and different emission reduction control scenarios were proposed to evaluate their environmental improvement effects and explore measures to mitigate the impact of pollution emissions.The results show that the high traffic flow and the structure of the motor vehicle emissions in downtown Beijing are the main causes of severe motor vehicle pollution.Monitoring data shows that traffic flow in central Beijing is dominated by small passenger vehicles,while the vehicle mix is better than in other regions,with 72.0%of vehicles meeting"National V"or higher emission standards.However,to achieve higher air quality goals,further reducing vehicle emissions is necessary.Based on dynamic traffic flow,the average daily emissions of nitrogen oxides(NOX),particulate matters(PM_(2.5))and volatile organic compounds(VOC)from motor vehicles in central Beijing are 17.7 tons,0.6 tons and 14.0 tons,respectively,accounting for 23.0%of the city’s average daily motor vehicle emissions.If a zero-emission zone for motor vehicles were implemented in central Beijing,the annual average emission level of pollutants will be reduced by 10.4%to 21.0%.The designation of ultra-low emission zones for motor vehicles could be effective in improving the air quality in the center of Beijing.

关键词： Motor vehicle Air pollutant Emission characteristics Control strategy Beijing

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Typhoon-and pollution-driven enhancement of reactive bromine in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 93-101页

作者： Shanshan Wang Qinyi Li Ruifeng Zhang Anoop Sharad Mahajan Swaleha Inamdar Nuria Benavent Sanbao Zhang Ruibin Xue Jian Zhu Chenji Jin Yan Zhang Xiao Fu Alba Badia Rafael P.Fernandez Carlos A.Cuevas Tao Wang Bin Zhou Alfonso Saiz-Lopez institute for Interdisciplinary Science (ICB) National Research Council (CONICET) Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas CabreraCSIC Department of Civil and environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Environment research institute Shandong University Centre for Climate Change research Indian Institute of Tropical MeteorologyMinistry of Earth Sciences Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua University Sostenipra research Group Institute of Environmental Science and Technology(ICTA)Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona(UAB)

Tropospheric reactive bromine is important for atmospheric chemistry,regional air pollution,and global climate.Previous studies have reported measurements of atmospheric reactive bromine species in different environments,and proposed their main sources,e.***.sea-salt aerosol（SSA）,oceanic biogenic activity,polar snow/ice,and volcanoes.Typhoons and other strong cyclonic activities（e.***.hurricanes） induce abrupt changes in different earth system processes,causing widespread destructive effects.However,the role of typhoons in regulating reactive bromine abundance and sources remains unexplored.Here,we report field observations of bromine oxide（BrO）,a critical indicator of reactive bromine,on the Huaniao Island（HNI）in the East China Sea in July 2018.We observed high levels of BrO below 500 m with a daytime average of9.7±4.2 pptv and a peak value of ～26 pptv under the influence of a typhoon.Our field measurements,supported by model simulations,suggest that the typhoon-induced drastic increase in wind speed amplifies the emission of SSA,significantly enhancing the activation of reactive bromine from SSA debromination.We also detected enhanced BrO mixing ratios under high NOxconditions（ppbv level） suggesting a potential pollution-induced mechanism of bromine release from SSA.Such elevated levels of atmospheric bromine noticeably increase ozone destruction by as much as ～40% across the East China Sea.Considering the high frequency of cyclonic activity in the northern hemisphere,reactive bromine chemistry is expected to play a more important role than previously thought in affecting coastal air quality and atmospheric oxidation capacity.We suggest that models need to consider the hitherto overlooked typhoon-and pollution-mediated increase in reactive bromine levels when assessing the synergic effects of cyclonic activities on the earth system.

关键词： reactive bromine atmospheric chemistry marine boundary layer atmospheric oxidation capacity marine emission

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Investigation of HO_(2) uptake mechanisms onto multiple-component ambient aerosols collected in summer and winter time in Yokohama,Japan

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 18-29页

作者： Jun Zhou Yukiko Fukusaki Kentaro Murano Tania Gautam Yu Bai Yoshimi Inomata Hiroaki Komatsu Mayuko Takeda Bin Yuan Min Shao Yosuke Sakamoto Yoshizumi Kajii institute for environmental and Climate research Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation forenvironmental Quality Guangzhou 511443China Graduate School of Global environmental Studies Kyoto UniversityKyoto606-8501Japan Yokohama environmental Science research institute Yokohama Kanagawa 221–0024Japan Department of Chemistry University of AlbertaAlbertaEdmonton T6G 2G2Canada Graduate School of Human and environmental Studies Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Kanagawa environmental research Center Kanagawa 254-0014Japan Center for Regional environmental research National Institute for Environmental StudiesIbaraki305-8506Japan

The heterogeneous loss of HO_(2)radicals onto ambient aerosols plays an important role in tropospheric chemistry.However,sparse investigation of the dominating parameters controlling the HO_(2)uptake coefficients onto ambient aerosols(γHO_(2))has largely hindered the application of the measuredγHO_(2)to the global spatial prediction.Here we induced an offine method using LFP-LIF technique to measure the kinetics of HO_(2)uptake onto ambient aerosols collected in summertime and wintertime in Yokohama city,a regional urban site near Tokyo,Japan.By controlling the dominating parameters which infuenceγHO_(2),we were able to investigate the detailed HO_(2)uptake mechanism.We characterized the chemical composition of the collected ambient aerosols,including organics,inorganics,transition metals ions,etc.and modeledγHO_(2)using different mechanisms.Results show thatγHO_(2)increased with the increase in RH,and the aerosol states(“dry”or wet/aqueous)have large effects onγHO_(2).With fixed RH and aerosol chemical composition,γHO_(2)was highly dependent on pH and inversely correlated with[HO_(2)]_0.By combing the measuredγHO_(2)values with the modeled ones,we found that both the HO_(2)self-reaction and transition metal-catalyzed reactions should be accounted for to yield a single parameterization to predictγHO_(2),and different chemical compositions may have collective effects onγHO_(2).Results may serve for extending theγHO_(2)values measured at one observation site to different environmental conditions,which will help us to achieve more accurate modeling results concerning secondary pollutant formation(i.e.,ozone).

关键词： HO_(2)uptake kinetics Offine method Impacting factors Mechanism

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Unexpected/contrary behavior of aerosol mass concentration in response to the individual components'concentration reduction in Kitakyushu,Japan

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 630-639页

作者： Xi Zhang Takuya Murakami Jinhe Wang Masahide Aikawa Faculty of environmental Engineering The University of Kitakyushu1-1HibikinoWakamatsuKitakyushuFukuoka 808-0135Japan Resources and Environment Innovation research institute School of Municipal and Environmental EngineeringShandong Jianzhu UniversityJinan 250101China

In the suburbs of Kitakyushu,Japan,the inorganic aerosol mass concentration(IAM)was about 32.7μg/m^(3),with the aerosol pH of 3.3.To study the thermodynamics of aerosol when its individual components'concentration is reduced,sensitive tests were performed using the ISORROPIAⅡmodel,in which the seven control species—TNaCl,TNH_(4)^(+),TSO_(4)^(2-),TNO_(3)^(-),TMg^(2+),TK^(+),and TCa^(2+)—were taken into account.IAM and inorganic aerosol pH after reducing TNaCl,TNO_(3)^(-),TMg^(2+),TK^(+),and TCa^(2+)responded linearly(0%≤concentration reduction ratio(CRR)≤100%,with the exception of 100%in TNaCl);the nonlinear variations of these two parameters could be observed by controlling TNH_(4)^(+)and TSO_(4)^(2-).Unexpected aerosol behavior occurred at 100%reduction of TNaCl,which was caused by the sudden increase of NO_(3)^(-),NH_(4)^(+),and aerosol liquid water content(ALWC);the increase of IAM was also observed after controlling TSO_(4)^(2-)(60%≤CRR≤100%)and TCa^(2+)(0%≤CRR≤100%),which was mainly related to the variation of ALWC driven by the response of CaSO_(4).Multiple regression analysis showed that ALWC was statistically and strongly related to the variations of NO_(3)^(-),Cl-,SO_(4)^(2-),HSO_(4)^(-),HNO_(3),and NH_(3)(P<0.05),with regression coefficients of 1.68,5.23,1.83,2.81,0.34,and 0.57,respectively.The highest coefficient(5.23)was found for Cl^(-),revealing that sea salts significantly influenced particle responses.Overall,this study comprehensively investigated aerosol characteristics and inner responses for the reduction of components,which is of great significance for a better understanding of atmospheric chemistry in Kitakyushu,Japan.

关键词： Sensitive tests Reduction Gas-particle conversion process Aerosol liquid water content Sea salts

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Chronic administration of triclosan leads to liver fibrosis through hepcidin-ferroportin axis-mediated iron overload

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 144-154页

作者： Jing Liu Lecong Zhang Fang Xu Ping Zhang Yang Song College of Eco-environmental Engineering Guizhou Minzu UniversityGuiyang 550025China The institute of Karst Wetland Ecology Guizhou Minzu UniversityGuiyang 550025China State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Triclosan(TCS)has been manufactured as an antibacterial compound for half a century.Currently,it is widely used in various personal care products;however,its potential adverse effects raise a lot of attention.Here,we create a long-term oral administration mouse model and identify the corresponding hepatotoxicity of TCS.We discover that daily intragastric administration of 10 mg/kg TCS to mice for 12 weeks results in severe hepatic fibrosis.Further study displays that hepatic iron increased 18%,23%and 29%upon oral TCS treatment for4,8 and 12 weeks,respectively.Accompanied by hepatic iron variation,splenic and duodenal iron are increased,which indicates systemic iron disorder.Not only excessive iron accumulated in the liver,abnormal hepatic malondialdehyde,prostaglandin synthase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 4 are pointed to ferroptosis.Additional study uncovers that hepcidin expression increases 7%,10%,4%in serum and 2.4-,4.8-,and 2.3-fold on transcriptional levels upon TCS exposure for 4,8 and 12 weeks,individually.Taken together,the mice in the TCS-treated group show disordered systemic iron homeostasis via the upregulated hepatic hepcidin-ferroportin axis.Meanwhile,both hepatic iron overload(systemic level)and hepatocyte ferroptosis(cellular level)are accused of TCS-induced liver fibrosis.Ferriprox■,an iron scavenger,significantly ameliorates TCS-induced liver fibrosis.In summary,this study confirms the impact of TCS on liver fibrosis;a critical signal pathway is also displayed.The significance of the current study is to prompt us to reevaluate the“pros and cons”of TCS applications.

关键词： Triclosan Iron metabolism Hepcidin Hepatotoxicity Liver fibrosis

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Atmospheric VOCs in an industrial coking facility and the surrounding area:Characteristics,spatial distribution and source apportionment

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 660-670页

作者： Meicheng Wen Weiqiang Deng Jin Huang Shu Zhang Qinhao Lin ChaoWang Shengtao Ma Wanjun Wang Xin Zhang Guiying Li Taicheng An Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk ControlInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution controlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Engineering Technology research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution ControlSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China institute of environmental Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Industrial coking facilities are an important emission source for volatile organic compounds(VOCs).This study analyzed the atmospheric VOC characteristics within an industrial coking facility and its surrounding environment.Average concentrations of total VOCs(TVOCs)in the surrounding residential activity areas(R1 and R2),the coking facility(CF)and the control area(CA)were determined to be 138.5,47.8,550.0,and 15.0μg/m^(3),respectively.The cold drum process and coking and quenching areas within the coking facility were identified as the main polluting processes.The spatial variation in VOCs composition was analyzed,showing that VOCs in the coking facility and surrounding areas were mainly dominated by aromatic compounds such as BTX(benzene,toluene,and xylenes)and naphthalene,with concentrations being negatively correlated with the distance from the coking facility(p<0.01).The sources of VOCs in different functional areas across the monitoring area were analyzed,finding that coking emissions accounted for 73.5%,33.3% and 27.7% of TVOCs in CF,R1 and R2,respectively.These results demonstrated that coking emissions had a significant impact on VOC concentrations in the areas surrounding coking facility.This study evaluates the spatial variation in exposure to VOCs,providing important information for the influence of VOCs concentration posed by coking facility to surrounding residents and the development of strategies for VOC abatement.

关键词： Coking facility Volatile organic compounds Emission inventory Spatial distribution Source apportionment

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Catalytic degradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds(CVOCs)over Ce-Mn-Ti composite oxide catalysts

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 326-338页

作者： Zhiwei Zhou Qianqian Li Guijin Su Jiaxin Pang Bohua Sun Jing Meng Bin Shi Henan institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China Key Laboratory of environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Developing industrially moldable catalysts with harmonized redox performance and acidity is of great significance for the efficient disposal of chlorinated volatile organic compounds(CVOCs)in actual exhaust gasses.Here,commercial TiO_(2),typically used for molding catalysts,was chosen as the carrier to fabricate a series of Ce_(0.02)Mn_(0-0.24)TiO_(x) materials with different Mn doping ratios and employed for chlorobenzene(CB)destruction.The introduction of Mn remarkedly facilitated the synergistic effect of each element via the electron transfer processes:Ce^(3+)+Mn^(4+/3+)■Ce^(4+)+Mn^(3+/2+)and Mn^(4+/3+)+Ti^(4+)■Mn^(3+/2+)+Ti^(3+).These synergistic interactions in Ce_(0.02)Mn_(0.04-0.24)TiO_(x),especially Ce_(0.02)Mn_(0.16)TiO_(x),significantly elevated the active oxygen species,oxygen vacancies and redox properties,endowing the superior catalytic oxidation of CB.When the Mn doping amount increased to 0.24,a separate Mn_(3)O_(4) phase appeared,which in turn might weaken the synergistic effect.Furthermore,the acidity of Ce_(0.02)Mn_(0.04-0.24)TiO_(x) was decreased with the Mn doping,regulating the balance of redox property and acidity.Notably,Ce_(0.02)Mn_(0.16)TiO_(x) featured relatively abundant B-acid sites.Its coordinating redox ability and moderate acidity promoted the deep oxidation of CB and RCOOH-intermediates,as well as the rapid desorption of Cl species,thus obtaining sustainable reactivity.In comparison,CeTiO_(x) owned the strongest acidity,however,its poor redox property was not sufficient for the timely oxidative decomposition of the easier adsorbed CB,resulting in its rapid deactivation.This finding provides a promising strategy for the construction of efficient commercial molding catalysts to decompose the industrial-scale CVOCs.

关键词： Chlorobenzene Ce_(0.02)Mn_(0-0.2)4tiox materials Redox ability Acidity Synergistic interaction

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Degradation behaviors of Nabumetone and its metabolite during UV/monochloramine process:Experimental and theoretical study

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 103-114页

作者： Xiang Tu Yunsong Bai Qing Fu Sheng Chang Kunfeng Zhang Yang Pan Ruiyang Xiao Yifu Fu Qi Zhang State Key Laboratory of environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source ProtectionResearch Centre of Lake EnvironmentNational Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological RestorationChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China School of environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China institute of environmental Engineering School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China

This study investigated degradation behaviors of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug Nabumetone(NMT)and its major metabolite 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid(MNA)in the coupling process of ultraviolet and monochloramine(UV/NH2Cl).The second-order rate constants of the contaminants reacting with reactive radicals(HO·,Cl·,Cl_(2)·-,and CO_(3)·^(-))were determined by laser flash photolysis experiments.HO·and Cl·contributed predominantly with 52.3%and 21.7%for NMT degradation and 60.8%and 22.3%for MNA degradation.The presence of chlorides retarded the degradation of NMT,while promoted the destruction of MNA,which was ascribed to the photosensitization effects of MNA under UV irradiation.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that radical adduct formation(RAF)was dominant pathway for both HO·and Cl·reacting with the contaminants,and hydrogen atom transfer(HAT)preferred to occur on side chains of NMT and MNA.NMT reacted with NO_(2)·through single electron transfer(SET)with the second-order rate constant calculated to be 5.35×10^(7)(mol/L)^(-1)sec^(-1),and the contribution of NO_(2)·was predicted to be 13.0%of the total rate constant of NMT in pure water,which indicated that NO_(2)·played a nonnegligible role in the degradation of NMT.The acute toxicity and developmental toxicity of NMT were enhanced after UV/NH_(2)Cl treatment,while those of MNA were alleviated.The transformation products of both NMT and MNA exhibited higher mutagenicity than their parent compounds.This study provides a deep understanding of the mechanism of radical degradation of NMT and MNA in the treatment of UV/NH2Cl.

关键词： UV/NH_(2)Cl Reactive species Degradation kinetics Reaction mechanism Degradation products

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