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laboratory scale studies on removal of chromium from industrial wastes

Journal of environmental sciences 2003年第3期15卷 417-422页

作者： M.A.Baig Mohsin Mir Shazad Murtaza Zafar I. Bhatti Institute of environmental science & Engineering National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & Engineering Rawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi Pakistan

Chromium being one of the major toxic pollutants is discharged from electroplating and chrome tanning processes and is also found in the effluents of dyes, paint pigments, manufacturing units etc. Chromium exists in aqueous systems in both trivalent (Cr 3+) and hexavalent (Cr 6+) forms. The hexavalent form is carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic life, whereas Cr 3+ is however comparatively less toxic. This study was undertaken to investigate the total chromium removal from industrial effluents by chemical means in order to achieve the Pakistan NEQS level of 1 mg/L by the methods of reduction and precipitation. The study was conducted in four phases. In phase Ⅰ, the optimum pH and cost effective reducing agent among the four popular commercial chemicals was selected. As a result, pH of 2 was found to be most suitable and sodium meta bisulfate was found to be the most cost effective reducing agent respectively. Phase Ⅱ showed that lower dose of sodium meta bisulfate was sufficient to obtain 100 % efficiency in reducing Cr 6+ to Cr 3+, and it was noted that reaction time had no significance in the whole process. A design curve for reduction process was established which can act as a tool for treatment of industrial effluents. Phase Ⅲ studies indicated the best pH was 8.5 for precipitation of Cr 3+ to chromium hydroxide by using lime. An efficiency of 100 % was achievable and a settling time of 30 minutes produced clear effluent. Finally in Phase Ⅳ actual waste samples from chrome tanning and electroplating industries, when precipitated at pH of 12 gave 100 % efficiency at a settling time of 30 minutes and confirmed that chemical means of reduction and precipitation is a feasible and viable solution for treating chromium wastes from industries.

关键词： tannery waste effluents reduction precipitation efficiency chromium

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Large-inductance superconducting microstrip photon detector enabling 10 photon-number resolution

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 96-105页

作者： Ling-Dong Kong Tian-Zhu Zhang Xiao-Yu Liu Hao Li Zhen Wang Xiao-Ming Xie Li-Xing You Chinese Academy of sciences(CAS) Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyNational Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated CircuitsShanghaiChina CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics ShanghaiChina University of Chinese Academy of sciences Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringBeijingChina

Efficient and precise photon-number-resolving detectors are essential for optical quantum information *** this,very few detectors have been able to distinguish photon numbers with both high fidelity and a large dynamic range,all while maintaining high speed and high timing *** nanostrip-based detectors excel at counting single photons efficiently and rapidly,but face challenges in balancing dynamic range and ***,we have pioneered the demonstration of 10 true photon-number resolution using a superconducting microstrip detector,with readout fidelity reaching an impressive 98%and 90%for 4-photon and 6-photon events,***,our proposed dual-channel timing setup drastically reduces the amount of data acquisition by 3 orders of magnitude,allowing for real-time photon-number *** then demonstrate the utility of our scheme by implementing a quantum random-number generator based on sampling the parity of a coherent state,which guarantees inherent unbiasedness,robustness against experimental imperfections and environmental noise,as well as invulnerability to *** solution boasts high fidelity,a large dynamic range,and real-time characterization for photon-number resolution and simplicity with respect to device structure,fabrication,and readout,which may provide a promising avenue towards optical quantum information science.

关键词： superconducting microstrips single-photon detector photon-number resolution quantum random number

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Faithful quantum secure direct communication protocol against collective noise

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第11期19卷 78-83页

作者：杨静王川张茹 School of science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Key laboratory for Atomic and molecular Nanosciences and Department of Physics Tsinghua University

An improved quantum secure direct communication （QSDC） protocol is proposed in this paper. Blocks of entangled photon pairs are transmitted in two steps in which secret messages are transmitted directly. The single logical qubits and unitary operations under decoherence free subspaces are presented and the generalized Bell states are constructed which are immune to the collective noise. Two steps of qubit transmission are used in this protocol to guarantee the security of communication. The security of the protocol against various attacks are discussed.

关键词： quantum secure direct communication collective noise

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Role of refractive index in sum frequency generation intensity of salt solution interfaces

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第12期26卷 1542-1546页

作者： Xia Li Rong-Juan Feng Ji-Jin Wang Zhen Zhang Zhou Lu Yuan Guo Beijing National laboratory for molecular sciences State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Nuclear science and Technology Lanzhou University

Sum frequency generation spectroscopy（SFG） has been widely used to study the interfacial chemistry of aqueous salt solutions of biological or environmental importance. Most of the SFG data analysis used the same bulk refractive index for different salt concentrations despite of the variations of the refractive indices. Here we systematically investigate the influence of the refractive index on the SFG intensities at various experimental conditions. It is discovered that the SFG intensities are the most sensitive to the refractive index at solid/liquid interfaces nearby the total internal reflection geometries. At air/liquid interfaces, the effect of the refractive indices is also nonegligible. Consequently some important SFG results, such as the response of water structures to the ionic strength at the SiO2/aqueous interfaces, are necessary to be reevaluated. These conclusions on the effect of the small variations of the refractive index are generally useful for the common practice of SFG data analysis.

关键词： refractive interfaces systematically nearby interfacial indices corrected despite incident visible

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Ligand-mediated contaminant degradation by bare and carboxymethyl cellulose-coated bimetallic palladium-zero valent iron nanoparticles in high salinity environments

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Journal of environmental sciences 2019年第3期31卷 303-311页

作者： Xiaoming Ma Di He Adele M.Jones T.David Waite Taicheng An Institute of environmental Health and Pollution Control Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou Key laboratory of environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangzhou University of Technology School of Civil and environmental Engineering University of New South Wales

The application of nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) for the degradation of contaminants has been extensively investigated, however, few studies have focused on degradation in high salinity environments. In this study, the ability of bare and carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)-coated bimetallic Pd-nZVI particles to degrade 33′44′-tetrachlorobiphenyl in high saline water(SW) is examined with particular attention given to the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) on the rate of degradation. EDTA enhances the reactivity of Pd-nZVI in SW, with evidence provided to link this to the removal of the passivating layer. Additionally, a conceptual model is proposed which provides a quantitative description of the removal of these iron oxide layers in the presence of EDTA. An optimum EDTA to bare Pd-nZVI molar ratio of 0.1 exists, with insufficient EDTA unable to remove the passivating layer whilst excess EDTA results in Fe loss and enhanced agglomeration due to magnetic attraction of the bare Fe(0) particles. In contrast, CMCcoating of Pd-nZVI assemblages actually impedes degradation, despite the coated particles displaying a smaller average size compared to uncoated particles, with even the presence of EDTA in this case not significantly improving degradation. The reduced reactivity in the presence of CMC is primarily attributed to the effect of CMC on the association of Pd with nZVI particles. In particular, the presence of CMC reduced the total amount of Pd incorporated with the stabilized particles compared to the non-stabilized ***, the presence of CMC results in less Pd present in its reactive zero-valent oxidation state.

关键词： Bimetallic zero valent iron ligand-mediated depassivation polychlorinated biphenyls high salinity water

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TaRLK-6A promotes Fusarium crown rot resistance in wheat

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第1期66卷 12-16页

作者： Haijun Qi Xiuliang Zhu Wenbiao Shen Xia Yang Chaozhong Zhang Genying Li Feng Chen Xuening Wei Zengyan Zhang Institute of Special Animal and Plant sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130000China The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Life science Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Agronomy College/National Key laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop science/CIMMYT‐China(Henan)Joint Center of Wheat and Maize Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China Department of Plant sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Crop Research Institute Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan 250100China

Fusariumcrown rot(FCR),mainly caused by the soil‐borne fungus Fusarium pseudograminearum,is a devastatingdisease of wheat(Triticum aestivum(Ta)).Fusariumcrown rotcauses substantial yield losses and generates mycotoxins inwheat grains that can cause serious health problems in hu-mans and livestock(Powell et al.,2017).Identifying genes thatprovide resistance *** character-izing the molecular mechanisms underlying such resistance arekey to breeding wheat varieties that are resistant to this dev-astating fungus.

关键词： aestivum breeding soil

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Removal of antimonite and antimonate from water using Fe-based metal-organic frameworks: The relationship between framework structure and adsorption performance

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Journal of environmental sciences 2019年第12期31卷 213-224页

作者： Wei Zhang Na Li Ting Xiao Wenting Tang Guangli Xiu State environmental Protection Key laboratory of environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai environmental Protection Key laboratory on environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants East ChinaUniversity of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

We investigated the adsorption performance of five Fe-based MOFs(Fe-BTC,MIL-100(Fe),MIL-101(Fe),MIL-53(Fe)and MIL-88 C(Fe))for removal of antimonite(Sb(Ⅲ))and antimonate(Sb(Ⅴ))from *** these MOFs,MIL-101(Fe)exhibited the best adsorption capacities for both Sb(Ⅲ)and Sb(Ⅴ)(151.8 and 472.8 mg/g,respectively)which were higher than those of most adsorbents previously *** effect of steric hindrance was evident during Sb removal using the Fe-based MOFs,and the proper diameter of the smallest cage windows/channels should be considered an important parameter during the evaluation and selection of ***,the adsorption capacities of MIL-101(Fe)for Sb(Ⅴ)decreased with increasing initial p H values(from 3.0 to 8.0),while the opposite trend was observed for Sb(Ⅲ).Chloride,nitrate and sulfate ions had a negligible influence on Sb(Ⅴ)adsorption,while NO3-and SO42-improved Sb(Ⅲ)*** result implies that inner sphere complexes might form during both Sb(Ⅲ)and Sb(Ⅴ)adsorption.

关键词： Metal organic frameworks MIL-101(Fe) Antimonite Antimonate Cage windows Steric hindrance

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Review for chiral-at-metal complexes and metal-organic framework enantiomorphs

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science Bulletin 2017年第19期62卷 1344-1354页

作者： Zi-Hong Yan Donghao Li Xue-Bo Yin College of Chemistry and environmental sciences Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources ChemistryKashgar University Key laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional molecular Ministry of EducationYanbian University State Key laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key laboratory of Biosensing and molecular Recognition College of ChemistryNankai University

This review discusses chiral-at-metal complexes and introduces enantiomorphs from assembly *** to the diverse coordination number and activity of metal ions as chiral centers, abundant structures for chiral selectivity, catalysis, and polarized light-response are the notable advantages of the chiral-at-metal complexes. The rational design and preparation of linear multi-dentate ligands is a good choice to improve the stability of chiral complexes, such as multi-bonding structure for high stability as a self-limiting system. The bio-significance and potential application of chiral-at-metal complexes are discussed, such as the synergistic effect of catalysis and chiral selectivity of the metal center in *** could be remolded to replace the original central metal ions with highly active rare earth or precious metal ions to form artificial metalloenzyme or to remove the ‘‘redundant" part around the metal center to improve the accessibility of substrate. The polarized light-response mechanism of chiral opsin is introduced in relation to its role in animal migration. Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are crystalline and porous materials built from metal nodes or clusters and organic linkers and provide the possibility to prepare artificial enantiomorphs. The preparations, applications, and characterization methods of MOF enatiomorphs are therefore introduced. We hope this review inspires researchers at all levels of their career to consider the title topic in their own research in terms of its application and potential value.

关键词： ChiralityStereoisomerChiral-at-metal complexAssembly enatiomorphChiral metal-organic frameworks

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Volumetric and viscometric properties of aqueous 1,2-dimethylethylenediamine solution for carbon capture application

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Petroleum 2024年第2期10卷 326-337页

作者： Hossein Haghani Teerawat Sema Pipat Na Ranong Thanthip Kiattinirachara Benjapon Chalermsinsuwan Hongxia Gao Zhiwu Liang Paitoon Tontiwachwuthikul Department of Chemical Technology Faculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok10330Thailand Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok10330Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMahidol UniversityNakhon Pathom73170Thailand Joint International Center for CO_(2)Capture and Storage(iCCS) Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing CO_(2)EmissionsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082PR China Clean Energy Technologies Research Institute(CETRi) Faculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of ReginaSKS4S0A2Canada

The present work investigates the volumetric and viscometric properties of an aqueous solution of 1,2-dimethylethylenediamine(DEEDA)over an entire concentration range and an absorber operating temperature range of 313.15K-333.15K at atmospheric *** investigated volumetric properties included the density,excess molar volume,partial molar volume,and the investigated viscometric properties included the viscosity,viscosity deviation,free energy for activation of viscous flow,excess free energy for activation of viscous flow,and excess entropy for activation of viscous *** results indicated that there are strong intermolecular interactions and suitable molecular packing in the binary DEEDA-water ***,the mixture was found to deviate from a real mixture according to the calculated excess *** DEEDA solvent's preliminary volumetric and viscometric properties revealed convincing potential as a novel amine for carbon ***,the Redlich-Kister-based correlations showed favorable correlative performance for excess molar volume,viscosity deviation,and excess entropy for activation of viscous flow.

关键词： Density Viscosity Excess property Amine Carbon capture

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Asymmetric side-chain engineering of organic semiconductor for ultrasensitive gas sensing

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 428-433页

作者： Xiaoying Ma Xiaojuan Dai Lanyi Xiang Jiajun Chang Danfeng Zhi Haozhen Zhao Zhenjie Ni Ye Zou Xike Gao Fengjiao Zhang School of Chemical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Key laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Binzhou Institute of Technology Binzhou 256606China

molecular structure of organic semiconductor plays a critical role in determining the performance and functionality of organic electronic devices,by optimizing the electrical,optical and physicochemical *** alkyl chains are fundamental units in tailering the solubility and assemblability,among which the asymmetric properties have been reported as key element for controlling the packing motifs and intrinsic charge ***,we expanded the scope of molecular asymmetry dependent sensing features based on a new series of naphthalene diimides(NDI)-based derivatives substituted with a same branching alkyl chain but various linear-shaped alkyl chains(Cn-).A clear molecular stacking change,from head-to-head bilayer to head-to-tail monolayer packing model,is observed based on the features of anisotropic molecular interactions with the change in the chain *** importantly,a unique LUMO level shift of 0.17 eV is validated for NDI-PhC4,providing a record sensitivity up to 150%to 0.01 ppb ammonia,due to the desired molecular reactivity and device amplification *** results indicate that asymmetric side-chain engineering opens a route for breath healthcare.

关键词： Organic thin film transistor Asymmetric side chain Gas sensing molecular stacking Energy level manipulating

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