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Multiple isotopes reveal the driving mechanism of high NO_(3)^(-) level and key processes of nitrogen cycling in the lower reaches of Yellow River

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 597-606页

作者： Qianqian Zhang Huiwei Wang Lu Liu Tianlun Zhai Xueqing Zhang Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesHebei 050061China Geo-environmental Monitoring institute of Hebei Province Hebei 050011China Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Water environmental Science Hebei 050037China Hebei Provincial Academy of Ecological environmental Science Hebei 050037China

The continuous increase of nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))level in rivers is a hot issue in the ***,the driving mechanism of high NO_(3)^(-)level in large rivers is still lacking,which has limited the use of river water and increased the cost of water *** this study,multiple isotopes and source resolution models are applied to identify the driving mechanism of high NO_(3)^(-)level and key processes of nitrogen cycling in the lower reaches of the Yellow River(LRYR).The major sources of NO_(3)^(-)were sewage and manure(SAM)in the low-flow season and soil nitrogen(SN)and chemical fertilizer(CF)in the high-flow *** was the most key process of nitrogen cycling in the ***,in the biological removal processes,denitrification may not occur *** temporal variation of contributions of NO_(3)^(-)sources were estimated by a source resolution model in the *** proportional contributions of SAM and CF to NO_(3)^(-)in the low-flow and high-flow season were 32.5%-52.3%,44.2%-46.2%and 36.0%-40.8%,54.9%-56.9%,*** driving mechanisms of high NO_(3)^(-)level were unreasonable sewage discharge,intensity rainfall runoff,nitrification and lack of nitrate removal *** control the NO_(3)^(-)concentration,targeted measures should be implemented to improve the capacity of sewage and wastewater treatment,increase the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and construct ecological *** study deepens the understanding of the driving mechanism of high nitrate level and provides a vital reference for nitrogen pollution control in rivers to other area of the world.

关键词： Nitrate Driving mechanism Nitrogen cycle Source apportionment Transformation Yellow River

Resolving controversies surrounding carbon sinks from carbonate weathering

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2705-2717页

作者： Xiaoyong BAI Sirui ZHANG Pete SMITH Chaojun LI Lian XIONG Chaochao DU Yingying XUE Zilin LI Mingkang LONG Minghui LI Xiaoyun ZHANG Shu YANG Qing LUO Xiaoqian SHEN State Key Laboratory of environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and environmental Engineering Guizhou University CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change University of Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Biological and environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen School of Geography and environmental Sciences Guizhou Normal University

The importance of carbonate weathering carbon sinks(CCSs) is almost equal to that of vegetation photosynthesis in the global carbon cycle. However, CCSs have become controversial in formulating carbon neutral policies to deal with global climate problems in various countries, since the carbonate dissolution is reversible. In order to address these controversies, we reviewed recent advances in understanding CCSs and examined the outstanding controversies surrounding them. We have analyzed the five controversies, revealing the existence of CCSs, quantifying their magnitude, clarifying their spatiotemporal pattern, and documenting how they have increased and how they evolved under the background of global change. By addressing these five controversies, we help to bring clarity to the role of CCSs in the carbon cycle of global terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： Carbon sink Carbonate weathering Carbon cycle Climate change Anthropogenic driver

Cloud-Model-Based Feature Engineering to Analyze the Energy-Water Nexus of a Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 63-75页

作者： Shan-Shan Yang Xin-Lei Yu Chen-Hao Cui Jie Ding Lei He Wei Dai Han-Jun Sun Shun-Wen Bai Yu Tao Ji-Wei Pang Nan-Qi Ren State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150000China Key Laboratory of environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China School of Civil and environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China China Energy Conservation and environmental Protection Group Beijing 100089China

Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)are important and energy-intensive municipal *** energy consumption and relatively low operating performance are major challenges from the perspective of carbon ***,water-energy nexus analysis and models for WWTPs have rarely been reported to *** this study,a cloud-model-based energy consumption analysis(CMECA)of a WWTP was conducted to explore the relationship between influent and energy consumption by clustering its influent’s *** principal component analysis(PCA)and K-means clustering were applied to classify the influent condition using water quality and volume *** energy consumption of the WWTP is divided into five standard evaluation levels,and its cloud digital characteristics(CDCs)were extracted according to bilateral constraints and golden ratio *** results showed that the energy consumption distribution gradually dispersed and deviated from the Gaussian distribution with decreased water concentration and *** days with high energy efficiency were extracted via the clustering method from the influent category of excessive energy consumption,represented by a compact-type energy consumption distribution curve to identify the influent conditions that affect the steady distribution of energy *** local WWTP has high energy consumption with 0.3613 kW·h·m^(-3)despite low influent concentration and volumes,across four consumption levels from low(I)to relatively high(IV),showing an unsatisfactory operation and management *** average oxygenation capacity,internal reflux ratio,and external reflux ratio during high energy efficiency days recognized by further clustering were obtained(0.2924-0.3703 kg O_(2)·m^(-3),1.9576-2.4787,and 0.6603-0.8361,respectively),which could be used as a guide for the days with low energy ***,this study offers a water-energy nexus analysis method to identify influent conditions with operational manageme

关键词： Wastewater treatment plants Cloud-model theory Data mining Principal component analysis K-means clustering Cloud-model-based energy consumption analysis

Development of gradient boosting-assisted machine learning data-driven model for free chlorine residual prediction

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 35-46页

作者： Wiley Helm Shifa Zhong Elliot Reid Thomas Igou Yongsheng Chen School of Civil and environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA School of Ecological and environmental Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

Chlorine-based disinfection is ubiquitous in conventional drinking water treatment (DWT) and serves to mitigate threats of acute microbial disease caused by pathogens that may be present in source water. An important index of disinfection efficiency is the free chlorine residual (FCR), a regulated disinfection parameter in the US that indirectly measures disinfectant power for prevention of microbial recontamination during DWT and distribution. This work demonstrates how machine learning (ML) can be implemented to improve FCR forecasting when supplied with water quality data from a real, full-scale chlorine disinfection system in Georgia, USA. More precisely, a gradient-boosting ML method (CatBoost) was developed from a full year of DWT plant-generated chlorine disinfection data, including water quality parameters (e.g., temperature, turbidity, pH) and operational process data (e.g., flowrates), to predict FCR. Four gradient-boosting models were implemented, with the highest performance achieving a coefficient of determination, R2, of 0.937. Values that provide explanations using Shapley’s additive method were used to interpret the model’s results, uncovering that standard DWT operating parameters, although non-intuitive and theoretically non-causal, vastly improved prediction performance. These results provide a base case for data-driven DWT disinfection supervision and suggest process monitoring methods to provide better information to plant operators for implementation of safe chlorine dosing to maintain optimum FCR.

关键词： Machine learning Data-driven modeling Drinking water treatment Disinfection Chlorination

Research on ozone formation sensitivity based on observational methods:Development history,methodology,and application and prospects in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 543-560页

作者： Wanghui Chu Hong Li Yuanyuan Ji Xin Zhang Likun Xue Jian Gao Cong An State Key Laboratory of environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Environment Research institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Observation-based method for O_(3)formation sensitivity research is an important tool to analyze the causes of ground-level O_(3)pollution,which has broad application potentials in determining the O_(3)pollution formation mechanism and developing prevention and control *** paper outlined the development history of research on O_(3)formation sensitivity based on observational methods,described the principle and applicability of the methodology,summarized the relative application results in China and provided recommendations on the prevention and control of O_(3)pollution in China based on relevant study results,and finally pointed out the shortcomings and future development prospects in this field in *** overview study showed that the O_(3)formation sensitivity in some urban areas in China in recent years presented a gradual shifting tendency from the VOC-limited regime to the transition regime or the NO_(x)-limited regime due to the implementation of the O_(3)precursors emission reduction policies;O_(3)pollution control strategies and precursor control countermeasures should be formulated based on local conditions and the dynamic control capability of O_(3)pollution control measures should be *** are still some current deficiencies in the study field in ***,it is recommended that a stereoscopic monitoring network for atmospheric photochemical components should be further constructed and improved;the atmospheric chemical mechanisms should be vigorously developed,and standardized methods for determining the O_(3)formation sensitivity should be established in China in the near future.

关键词： Observation-based method Ozone formation sensitivity Ozone pollution prevention and control VOCs NO_(x) OBM

Investigation of HO_(2) uptake mechanisms onto multiple-component ambient aerosols collected in summer and winter time in Yokohama,Japan

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 18-29页

作者： Jun Zhou Yukiko Fukusaki Kentaro Murano Tania Gautam Yu Bai Yoshimi Inomata Hiroaki Komatsu Mayuko Takeda Bin Yuan Min Shao Yosuke Sakamoto Yoshizumi Kajii institute for environmental and Climate Research Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation forenvironmental Quality Guangzhou 511443China Graduate School of Global environmental Studies Kyoto UniversityKyoto606-8501Japan Yokohama environmental Science Research institute Yokohama Kanagawa 221–0024Japan Department of Chemistry University of AlbertaAlbertaEdmonton T6G 2G2Canada Graduate School of Human and environmental Studies Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Kanagawa environmental Research Center Kanagawa 254-0014Japan Center for Regional environmental Research National Institute for Environmental StudiesIbaraki305-8506Japan

The heterogeneous loss of HO_(2)radicals onto ambient aerosols plays an important role in tropospheric ***,sparse investigation of the dominating parameters controlling the HO_(2)uptake coefficients onto ambient aerosols(γHO_(2))has largely hindered the application of the measuredγHO_(2)to the global spatial *** we induced an offine method using LFP-LIF technique to measure the kinetics of HO_(2)uptake onto ambient aerosols collected in summertime and wintertime in Yokohama city,a regional urban site near Tokyo,*** controlling the dominating parameters which infuenceγHO_(2),we were able to investigate the detailed HO_(2)uptake *** characterized the chemical composition of the collected ambient aerosols,including organics,inorganics,transition metals ions,*** modeledγHO_(2)using different *** show thatγHO_(2)increased with the increase in RH,and the aerosol states(“dry”or wet/aqueous)have large effects onγHO_(2).With fixed RH and aerosol chemical composition,γHO_(2)was highly dependent on pH and inversely correlated with[HO_(2)]_*** combing the measuredγHO_(2)values with the modeled ones,we found that both the HO_(2)self-reaction and transition metal-catalyzed reactions should be accounted for to yield a single parameterization to predictγHO_(2),and different chemical compositions may have collective effects onγHO_(2).Results may serve for extending theγHO_(2)values measured at one observation site to different environmental conditions,which will help us to achieve more accurate modeling results concerning secondary pollutant formation(i.e.,ozone).

关键词： HO_(2)uptake kinetics Offine method Impacting factors Mechanism

Evaluation of slope stability through rock mass classification and kinematic analysis of some major slopes along NH-1A from Ramban to Banihal, North Western Himalayas

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 167-182页

作者： Amit Jaiswal A.K.Verma T.N.Singh Department of Civil and environmental Engineering Indian Institute of Technology PatnaPatna801106India

The network of Himalayan roadways and highways connects some remote regions of valleys or hill slopes,which is vital for India’s socio-economic *** to natural and artificial factors,frequency of slope instabilities along the networks has been increasing over last few *** of stability of natural and artificial slopes due to construction of these connecting road networks is significant in safely executing these roads throughout the *** rock mass classification methods are generally used to assess the strength and deformability of rock *** study assesses slope stability along the NH-1A of Ramban district of North Western *** structurally and non-structurally controlled rock mass classification systems have been applied to assess the stability conditions of 14 *** evaluating the stability of these slopes,kinematic analysis was performed along with geological strength index(GSI),rock mass rating(RMR),continuous slope mass rating(CoSMR),slope mass rating(SMR),and Q-slope in the present *** SMR gives three slopes as completely unstable while CoSMR suggests four slopes as completely *** stability of all slopes was also analyzed using a design chart under dynamic and static conditions by slope stability rating(SSR)for the factor of safety(FoS)of 1.2 and 1 respectively.Q-slope with probability of failure(PoF)1%gives two slopes as stable *** slope angle has been determined based on the Q-slope safe angle equation and SSR design chart based on the *** value ranges given by different empirical classifications were RMR(37-74),GSI(27.3-58.5),SMR(11-59),and CoSMR(3.39-74.56).Good relationship was found among RMR&SSR and RMR&GSI with correlation coefficient(R 2)value of 0.815 and 0.6866,***,a comparative stability of all these slopes based on the above classification has been performed to identify the most critical slope along this road.

关键词： Rock mass classification Kinematic analysis Slope stability Himalayan road Static and dynamic conditions

Atmospheric VOCs in an industrial coking facility and the surrounding area:Characteristics,spatial distribution and source apportionment

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 660-670页

作者： Meicheng Wen Weiqiang Deng Jin Huang Shu Zhang Qinhao Lin ChaoWang Shengtao Ma Wanjun Wang Xin Zhang Guiying Li Taicheng An Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk ControlInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution controlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution ControlSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China institute of environmental Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Industrial coking facilities are an important emission source for volatile organic compounds(VOCs).This study analyzed the atmospheric VOC characteristics within an industrial coking facility and its surrounding *** concentrations of total VOCs(TVOCs)in the surrounding residential activity areas(R1 and R2),the coking facility(CF)and the control area(CA)were determined to be 138.5,47.8,550.0,and 15.0μg/m^(3),*** cold drum process and coking and quenching areas within the coking facility were identified as the main polluting *** spatial variation in VOCs composition was analyzed,showing that VOCs in the coking facility and surrounding areas were mainly dominated by aromatic compounds such as BTX(benzene,toluene,and xylenes)and naphthalene,with concentrations being negatively correlated with the distance from the coking facility(p<0.01).The sources of VOCs in different functional areas across the monitoring area were analyzed,finding that coking emissions accounted for 73.5%,33.3% and 27.7% of TVOCs in CF,R1 and R2,*** results demonstrated that coking emissions had a significant impact on VOC concentrations in the areas surrounding coking *** study evaluates the spatial variation in exposure to VOCs,providing important information for the influence of VOCs concentration posed by coking facility to surrounding residents and the development of strategies for VOC abatement.

关键词： Coking facility Volatile organic compounds Emission inventory Spatial distribution Source apportionment

New Insights into Microplastic Contamination in Different Types of Leachates: Abundances, Characteristics, and Potential Sources

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 62-68页

作者： Lei Zhang Wentao Zhao Liang Zhang Zhenxiao Cai Ruiqi Yan Xia Yu DamiàBarceló Qian Sui State environmental Protection Key Laboratory of environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China PerkinElmer Inc.Shanghai 201203China Maihai environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd.SuzhouJiangsu 215000China Department of environmental Chemistry Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water ResearchSpanish Council for Scientific Research(IDAEA-CSIC)Barcelona 08034Spain

Municipal solid waste(MSW)is an important destination for abandoned *** the waste disposal process,large plastic debris is broken down into microplastics(MPs)and released into the ***,current research only focuses on landfill leachates,and the occurrence of MPs in other leachates has not been ***,herein,the abundance and characteristics of MPs in three types of leachates,namely,landfill leachate,residual waste leachate,and household food waste leachate,were studied,all leachates were collected from the largest waste disposal center in *** results showed that the average MP abundances in the different types of leachates ranged from(129±54)to(1288±184)MP particles per liter(particlesL1)and the household food waste leachate exhibited the highest MP abundance(p80%)of small MPs(20–100 lm)in landfill leachates compared to other *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first study discussing the sources of MPs in different leachates,which is important for MP pollution control during MSW disposal.

关键词： Microplastics Landfill leachate Residual waste leachate Household food waste leachate Source