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Typhoon-Induced Ocean Waves and Stokes Drift:A Case Study of Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第4期38卷 711-724页

作者： WU Zhi-yuan GAO Kai CHEN Jie ZHANG Hao-jian DENG Bin JIANG Chang-bo LIU Yi-zhuang LYU Zhao YAN Ren School of Hydraulic and environmental Engineering Changsha University of Science&TechnologyChangsha 410114China Key Laboratory of water-Sediment Sciences and water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province Changsha 410114China State Key Laboratory of hydrology-water resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210024China State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China School of Civil Engineering Hunan University of TechnologyZhuzhou 412007China

Ocean waves and Stokes drift are generated by *** study investigated the characteristics of ocean waves and wave-induced Stokes drift and their effects during Typhoon Mangkhut using European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)ERA5 datasets and observational *** results revealed that the typhoon generated intense cyclones and huge typhoon waves with a maximum wind speed of 45 m/s,a minimum pressure of955 h Pa,and a maximum significant wave height of 12 *** Stokes drift caused by typhoon waves exceeded 0.6m/s,the Stokes depth scale exceeded 18 m,and the maximum Stokes transport reached 6 m^(2)/*** spatial distribution of 10-m wind speed,typhoon wave height,Stokes drift,Stokes depth,and Stokes transport during the typhoon was highly correlated with the typhoon *** distribution along the typhoon track showed significant zonal asymmetry,with greater intensity on the right side of the typhoon track than on the left *** findings provide important insights into the impact of typhoons on ocean waves and Stokes drift,thus improving our understanding of the interactions between typhoons and the ocean *** study also investigated the contribution of Stokes transport to the total net transport during typhoons using Ekman-Stokes Numbers as a comparative *** results indicated that the ratio of Stokes transport to the total net transport reached up to 50%within the typhoon radius,while it was approximately 30%outside the *** Stokes transport induced by typhoon waves led to divergence in the transport direction,which resulted in upwelling of the lower ocean as a compensation ***,Stokes transport played a crucial role in the vertical mixing of the ocean during *** findings suggested that Stokes transport should be paid more attention to,particularly in high latitude ocean regions,where strong winds can amplify its effects.

关键词： Stokes drift typhoon waves Ekman-Stokes transport vertical mixing Typhoon Mangkhut

Changes in global land surface frozen ground and freeze-thaw processes during 1950-2020 based on ERA5-Land data

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 265-274页

作者： Yong YANG Ren-Sheng CHEN Yong-Jian DING Hong-Yuan LI Zhang-Wen LIU Qilian Alpine Ecology and hydrology Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid LandsNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of water and Soil Conservation and environmental Protection College of Resources and EnvironmentLinyi UniversityLinyi 276000China

Frozen ground(FG)plays an important role in global and regional climates and environments through changes in land freeze-thaw processes,which have been conducted mainly in different ***,the changes in land surface freeze-thaw processes under climate change on a global scale are still *** on ERA5-Land hourly land skin temperature data,this study evaluated changes in the global FG area,global land surface first freeze date(FFD),last freeze date(LFD)and frost-free period(FFP)from 1950 to *** results show that the current FG areas(1991-2020 mean)in the Northern Hemisphere(NH),Southern Hemisphere(SH),and globe are 68.50×10^(6),9.03×10^(6),and 77.53×10^(6)km^(2),which account for 72.4%,26.8%,and 60.4%of the exposed land(excluding glaciers,ice sheets,and water bodies)in the NH,SH and the globe,respectively;further,relative to 1951-1980,the FG area decreased by 1.9%,8.8%,and 2.8%,*** FG at lower latitudes degrades to intermittently FG,and intermittently FG degrades to non-frozen ground,which caused the global FG boundary to retreat to higher latitudes from 1950 to *** annual FG areas in the NH,SH,and globe all show significant decreasing trends(p<0.05)from 1950 to 2020 at-0.32×10^(6),-0.22×10^(6),and-0.54×10^(6)km^(2)per decade,*** FFP prolongation in the NH is mainly influenced by LFD advance,while in the SH it is mainly controlled by FFD *** prolongation trend of FFP in the NH(1.34 d per decade)is larger than that in the SH(1.15 d per decade).

关键词： Frozen ground Freeze-thaw processes Frost-free period First freeze date Global warming

Building a More Sustainable Chinese Loess Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第1期35卷 283-287页

作者： Peiyue Li Xiaomei Kou Yong Wang Le Niu School of water and Environment Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China Key Laboratory of Subsurface hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and water Security in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of the Ministry of water resources Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited Xi'an 710065China PowerChina Sinohydro Bureau 3 Co. LTD.Xi'an 710024China

The Chinese Loess Plateau,a region of remarkable ecological and economic value,grapples with significant water management challenges due to its distinctive geology and *** perspective offers a short review of the eco-environmental protection measures undertaken in the Loess Plateau,underscoring the transformative impacts of initiatives such as the“Grain for Green”***,it also highlights the enduring challenges,including land degradation,water resources issues,socio-economic inequities,and the implications of climate ***,water management emerges as a pivotal issue with far-reaching repercussions for soil conservation,biodiversity,and human *** paper concludes by proposing future actions,emphasizing the necessity for policy modifications,novel initiatives,and research to tackle these challenges and foster sustainable development in the Loess *** insights gained from this region could offer invaluable lessons for other regions confronted with similar challenges,thereby contributing to global efforts to mitigate desertification and champion sustainable development.

关键词： Loess Plateau eco-environmental protection water management sustainable development climate change

A review of integrated surface-subsurface numerical hydrological models

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1459-1479页

作者： Lele SHU Hao CHEN Xianhong MENG Yan CHANG Litang HU Wenke WANG Longcang SHU Xuan YU Christopher DUFFY Yingying YAO Donghai ZHENG Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100038China School of water and Environment Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China College of hydrology and water resources Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Department of Civil and environmental Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePA 16801USA Department of Earth and environmental Science School of Human Settlements and Civil EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Hydrological modeling,leveraging mathematical formulations to represent the hydrological cycle,is a pivotal tool in representing the spatiotemporal dynamics and distribution patterns inherent in *** models serve a dual purpose:they validate theoretical robustness and applicability via observational data and project future trends,thereby bridging the understanding and prediction of natural *** rapid advancements in computational methodologies and the continuous evolution of observational and experimental techniques,the development of numerical hydrological models based on physicallybased surface-subsurface process coupling have *** in micro-scale conservation principles and physical equations,these models employ numerical techniques to integrate surface and subsurface hydrodynamics,thus replicating the macro-scale hydrological responses of *** hydrological models have emerged as a leading and predominant trend in hydrological modeling due to their explicit representation of physical processes,heightened by their spatiotemporal resolution and reliance on interdisciplinary *** article focuses on the theoretical foundation of surface-subsurface numerical hydrological *** includes a comparative and analytical discussion of leading numerical hydrological models,encompassing model architecture,numerical solution strategies,spatial representation,and coupling ***,this paper contrasts these models with traditional hydrological models,thereby delineating the relative merits,drawbacks,and future directions of numerical hydrological modeling.

关键词： Numerical Hydrological Models Surface-Subsurface Process Coupling Numerical Methods Hydrological Modeling

Unraveling the interaction between soil microbiomes and their potential for restoring polluted soils

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 149-151页

作者： Carlos O.Lomeli-Ortega Mingming Sun Jose Luis Balcazar Catalan Institute for water Research(ICRA-CERCA) Girona 17003Spain University of Girona Girona 17004Spain Soil Ecology Laboratory College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Soils are not exempt from anthropogenic pollution,which can eventually cause disturbance of the microbial communities and areas without any kind of *** soil microbiota,bacteria play an important role in pollutant degradation,enabling them to thrive in contaminated *** this,several techniques have been used to increase the number of pollutantdegrading bacteria in situ or for subsequent ***,bacteriophages exhibit a high tolerance to pollutants and enhance bacterial metabolic activity through phage-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes(AMGs),thereby augmenting their skills for nutrient assimilation,resistance to phage infection,antibiotic resistance,heavy metal resistance,and degradation of pesticides and xenobiotics,among *** phage-encoded AMGs have been described during the last few years,but their diversity,distribution,and function have not been extensively explored,warranting further ***,we highlight soil microbiome interactions,especially bacterium and phage interactions to understand this unexplored world with a high potential for restoring polluted soils.

关键词： Auxiliary metabolic genes Microbiome Pollutants Soils Viruses

Optimizing nitrogen management in the food system for sustainable development: a case study of Quzhou County

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 113-121页

作者： Fanlei MENG Menru WANG Yong HOU Lin MA Wenqi MA Xuejun LIU Fusuo ZHANG Wen XU College of resources and environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentState Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and ManagementNational Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development(QuzhouHebei)China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China water Systems and Global Change group Wageningen University&Research6700 AA Wageningenthe Netherlands environmental Systems Analysis group Wageningen University&Research6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands Key Laboratory of Agricultural water resources Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil EcologyCenter for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetic and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050021China College of resources and Environment Science Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China

Nitrogen(N) is an essential nutrient for food production. The rapid increase in population requires high inputs of N to meet the growing food demand. If not managed well, the substantial loss of N from the food system has multiple impacts on grain yield, air and water pollution, and the economic benefits of agricultural. Multi-objective(food security, environmental sustainability and economic sustainability) synergistic consideration of N management in the food system is still lacking. This study employed strategies for optimizing N management in the food system, using Quzhou County as a typical example on the North China Plain. Firstly, a food chain approach was adopted to understand drivers and reasons behind N losses from the food ***, a top-down approach was used to define multi-objective N management, taking into consideration food security, environmental sustainability and economic sustainability. Multi-objective N management aims to reduce N losses to the environment and increase N use efficiencies,while simultaneously increasing yields and economic benefits. Thirdly, 3R(reduce-retain-recycle) N management strategies were identified for specific crops and animals through a bottom-up approach and then analyzed the potential of these strategies to achieve the multi-objectives. Finally, there is a discussion of how to engage different stakeholders to promote the technologies implementation. This study provides new insights into the synergistic achievement of multi-objective N management in the food system and the development of environmentally-friendly agriculture.

关键词： Agriculture green development food system multi-objective nitrogen management

Health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in groundwater of a karst basin,SW China

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 49-61页

作者： Fu-ning Lan Yi Zhao Jun Li Xiu-qun Zhu Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationPingguo 531406GuangxiChina Institute of Karst Geology International Research Centre on KarstUnder the Auspices of UNESCOGuangxi Karst Resources and Environment Research Center of Engineering TechnologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesKarst Dynamics LaboratoryMNR and GuangxiGuilin 541004China Hebei Key Laboratory of water Quality Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization of water resources Hebei University of ArchitectureZhangjiakou 075000Hebei ProvinceChina College of hydrology and water resources Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

To investigate the presence of metal elements and assess their health risk for the populace in the Nandong Underground River Basin(NURB),we conducted an analysis of eleven common heavy metals in the water body.A Health risk assessment(HRA)model was employed to analyze 84 water samples from the *** detection results revealed the following order of heavy metals concentrations:Fe>Al>Mn>Zn>As>Cd>Pb>Cr>Ni>Cu>*** analysis indicated a certain similarity in material source and migration transformation among these eleven metal *** study identified that the health risks for local residents exposed to metal elements in the water of NURB primarily stem from carcinogenic risk(10^(−6)–10^(−4)a^(−1))through the drinking water ***,the health risk of heavy metal exposure for children through drinking water was notably higher than for *** maximum health risks of Cr in both underground and surface water exceeded the recommendation standard(5.0×10^(−5)a^(−1))from ICRP,surpassing the values recommended by the Swedish environmental Protection Agency,the Dutch Ministry of Construction and Environment and the British Royal Society(5.0×10^(−6)a^(−1)).The results of the health risk assessment indicate that Cr in the water of NURB is the primary source of carcinogenic risk for local residents,followed by Cd and ***,it is imperative to control these three carcinogenic metals when the water was used as drinking water resource.

关键词： water Pollution Correlation Analysis Toxicity of Heavy Metal Elements Underground River Basin Carcinogenicity Potential

Petrology and Petrographic Delineation of Kamlial Formation Sandstone Mong and Thorar Village, Northern Pakistan

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第5期12卷 302-324页

作者： Ehtisham Mehmood Haishen Lv Pei Gao Soban Qamar The National Key Laboratory of water Disaster Prevention College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University Nanjing China College of Mechanical and Petroleum Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Taxila Pakistan

The origin of sandstone in the Rawalpindi group is disputed because of the lesser Himalayas complicated geological structure and ongoing tectonic activity. The goal of the study is to learn more about the petrographic and geological aspects of the Siwalik molasses deposits, which are formations that belong to the same age group. The Early Miocene Kamlial Formation, the Middle to Late Miocene Chinji Formation, and the Late Miocene Nagri Formation are the stratigraphic units revealed in the project area. The texture of the sandstone found in the Rawalpindi group and Siwalik is fine to medium-grained. The hue ranges from grey to greenish grey. The sandstone displays thin to medium-bedded layers and exhibits thin lamination throughout. The sandstone of the Kamlial Formation contains load casts, potholes, worm burrows, hematite layers, and filled and unfilled mud cracks in basic structures. Model petrographic research reveals that the Murree Formation primarily consists of light minerals like feldspar, quartzite, and felice, whereas the Kamlial Formation is composed of heavy minerals like garnet and tourmaline. Sandstone from the Rawalpindi group undergoes analysis to ascertain its provenance using the quartz feldspar lithic fragments ternary diagram technique. Each plot in the QFL diagram’s recycled orogeny provenance field is plotted.

关键词： Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis Rawalpindi group Siwalik group Himalayas Neogene

Holocene Hydroclimatic Variations in the Asian Drylands:Current Understanding and Future Perspectives

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第1期35卷 292-295页

作者： Guoqiang Ding Shengqian Chen Yuanhao Sun Shuai Ma Jianhui Chen MOE Key Laboratory of West China's environmental System College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and ResourcesInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

0 *** intensification of global warming is generating increasing risks to human society and sustainable development,which are of growing concern to the international scientific community and policymakers(Sun,2023).The ecosystems of the Asian drylands are fragile and highly sensitive to global changes;moreover,while these drylands are the most important areas of oasis agriculture on Earth,their water resources are being adversely impacted by ongoing climate change(Zhang et al.,2023).Hence,an improved understanding of the patterns of climate change in this region is important and attracting increasing research attention.

关键词： Asian Holocene climatic