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Local perceptions of climate change and adaptation needs in the Ifugao Rice Terraces (Northern Philippines)

Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第8期14卷 1455-1472页

作者： Mario A.SORIANO Jr. Johanna DIWA Srikantha HERATH Institute for the Advanced Study of sustainability United Nations University School of Forestry and environmental studies Yale University

The Ifugao Rice Terraces in the Philippines is recognized worldwide as a sustainable landscape where humans live in harmony with nature. The success of the Ifugao Rice Terraces largely depends on the attunement of local farmers to their environment and their ability to adapt to perceived changes, as manifested in their complex body of traditional ecological and climatic knowledge. This paper examines the local perceptions on climate change and other challenges to sustainability through focus group discussions with farmers and traditional knowledge holders. Our main findings can be summarized as follows:(i) Ifugao farmers were able to observe climatic changes in recent years, and these changes were intimately linked with broader environmental and socio-cultural changes in the Ifugao social-ecological system;(ii) The climatic changes qualitatively observed by the farmers were in agreement with trends in datasets commonly used in scientific assessments, although this agreement depends on the spatial and temporal resolution of the dataset, and the type of statistical analysis performed, and;(iii) The Ifugaos stressed the importance of traditional knowledge and culture in climate change adaptation, and preferred measures which could increase internal adaptive capacity while addressingbroader sources of community vulnerability. Our results support calls to recognize Indigenous and Western science as equally valid ways of knowing. Discussions with the farmers revealed that in the Ifugao context, climate change may be better framed in the context of multiple stressors on rural livelihoods, with adaptation integrated into broader development objectives. Our findings also emphasize the need for greater engagement of indigenous Ifugao people in planning processes in order to identify adaptation strategies that are culturally appropriate, equitable, and effective in responding to local needs.

关键词： Ifugao Rice Terraces Climate Change Traditional Knowledge Indigenous Adaptation Social-Ecological System sustainability

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Taking Time, Sharing Spaces: Adaptive Risk Governance Processes in Rural Japan

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 464-471页

作者： Ilan Chabay Institute for Advanced sustainability studies (IASS) 14467 PotsdamGermany

Rural and peri-urban communities in Japan, as well as in many other regions of the world, face risks of discrete event natural phenomena, including earthquakes,floods, and landslides. They also face persistent disruptive stress due to risks that remain active over long durations,such as the loss of community capacities due to an aging population. This article describes my observations of and subsequent reflections on adaptive risk governance and community resilience building processes in two areas of western and southern Japan—Chizu in Tottori Prefecture and towns near Kumamoto City in Kumamoto *** aspects of adaptive risk governance from this limited set of observations stood out:(1) the importance of establishing a durable, patient process,(2) initiated and facilitated by a trusted figure, in(3) a space or venue accessible and open to the community, and(4) augmented by boundary objects that facilitate role playing, iteration,and ownership by the community of solutions generated in these dialogues.

关键词： Boundary objects Case Station-Field Campuses(CASiFiCA) Community resilience Knowledge Learning and Societal Change Alliance(KLASICA) Japan Risk governance Yonmenkaigi System Method(YSM)

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The photocatalytic ·OH production activity of g-C_(3)N_(4) improved by the introduction of NO

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第10期33卷 4715-4718页

作者： Jun Jing Kai Qi Guohui Dong Mengmeng Wang Wingkei Ho School of environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710021China Department of Science and environmental studies and Centre for Education in environmental sustainability The Education University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The efficiency of photocatalytic pollutant removal largely depends on the ability of the photocatalytic system to produce hydroxyl radicals(·OH).However,the capability of photocatalyst to produce·OH is not strong at *** the capacity of photocatalytic system to produce·OH has always been a tough problem and challenge in the field of environmental *** this research,it was found that introducing nitric oxide(NO)into the graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))photocatalytic system could memorably enhance the ability of producing·OH *** study provides a new idea for improving the capacity of photocatalytic·OH production.

关键词： Active oxygen species Nitrogen oxide Photocatalysis Organic pollution g-C_(3)N_(4)

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Short-and long-term sediment transport in western Bohai Bay and coastal areas

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2010年第3期28卷 583-592页

作者：冯桓张卫国贾丽 Michael P.WEINSTEIN 张秋丰袁德奎陶建华俞立中 Department of Earth and environmental studies Montclair State University State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Institute for sustainability studies Montclair State University Marine environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center Department of Mechanics Tianjin University

Sediment cores （-40-100 cm） were collected at 12 locations in the western Bohai Bay, the Haihe River estuary, the Yongding River estuary and the Tianjin Harbor, China, during 24-26 July 2007, and analyzed for ^7Be and ^210pb activities. Due to localized hydrodynamic patterns and frequent disturbance from dredging activities, steady-state sedimentation features were not observed in this study. As demonstrated in the VBe and ^210pb profiles, the temporal and spatial variations of these radionuclides support a non-steady state depositional environment in the study area. By comparing ^7Be and ^210pb inventories in the sediments with those of the atmospheric source, we found that： 1） sediments dredged from the Tianjin Harbor or eroded from nearby estuarine and coastal areas are retained in the western Bohai Bay for relatively short intervals （several months）, as reflected in the relatively high ^7Be inventories in the western Bohai Bay; 2） over the long-term （years to decades）, ^210Pb inventories in the sediments imply that there is a net on-shore transport of sediments, and the sediments are mass-balanced in the entire study area. Overall, our results suggest that the sediments are retained in the estuaries and the western Bohai Bay despite local variability in sediment dynamics and disturbance due to human activities.

关键词： Bohai Bay estuary sedimentation sediment transport radionuclide

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Real-time measurements of PM_(2.5),PM_(10-2.5),and BC in an urban street canyon

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Particuology 2015年第3期13卷 134-140页

作者： Yan Cheng Shun Cheng Lee Yuan Gao Long Cui Wenjing Deng Junji Cao Zhenxing Shen Jian Sun Department of environmental Science and Technology School of Human Settlements and Civil EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University SKLLQG Institute of Earth and EnvironmentCAS Department of Civil and environmental Engineering Research Center for Environmental Technology and ManagementThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Science and environmental studies and Centre for Education for environmental sustainability The Hong Kong Institute of Education

A continuous dichotomous beta gauge monitor was used to characterize the hourly content of PM2.5, PM10-2.5, and Black Carbon （BC） over a 12-month period in an urban street canyon of Hong Kong. Hourly vehicle counts for nine vehicle classes and meteorological data were also recorded. The average weekly cycles of PM2.5, PM10-2.5, and BC suggested that all species are related to traffic, with high concentrations on workdays and low concentrations over the weekends. PM2.s exhibited two comparable concentrations at 10：00-11：00 （63.4 μg/m3） and 17：00-18：00 （65.0 p.g/m3 ） local time （LT） during workdays, correspond- ing to the hours when the numbers of diesel-fueled and gasoline-fueled vehicles were at their maximum levels： 3179 and 2907 h-1, respectively. BC is emitted mainly by diesel-fueled vehicles and this showed the highest concentration （31.2μg/m3） during the midday period （10：00-11：00 LT） on workdays. A poor correlation was found between PM2.s concentration and wind speed （R= 0.51, P-value 〉 0.001 ）. In contrast, the concentration of PM10-2.s was found to depend upon wind speed and it increased with obvious statistical significance as wind speed increased （R = 0,98, P-value 〈 0.0001 ）.

关键词： PM2.5 PMl0 2.5BCHong KongUrban street canyon

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Climate change and its consequences for water and wastewater management

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第1期3卷 2-11页

作者： Peter A.WILDERER Institute of Advanced studies on sustainability Amalienstr7580799 MunichGermany

Life,in combination with solar radiation and abiotic processes,is most probably the reason why liquid water has existed on Earth for over billions of years,and the global mean temperature has remained in a lifeenabling *** to limit or even reverse global warming must be derived from the knowledge of the Earth’s complex life-support *** this context,the balance between liquid and gaseous water plays a crucial role,and water management becomes an important field of innovation and action,globally,on the scale of watersheds but also on the very local *** use,reuse,and temporary storage of water in urban settings must be considered to limit over-extraction of water from natural resources,and to maintain the life supporting function of *** the same time,public health requirements,cost efficiency,and reliability demands are to be met.

关键词： ecosystem management tools self-regulation urbanization water-climate relationship water reuse

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Interactions between Soil Characteristics, environmental Factors, and Plant Species Abundance: A Case Study in the Karst Mountains of Longhushan Nature Reserve, Southwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第4期12卷 943-960页

作者： Dado TOURE GE ji-wen ZHOU Jian-wei Institute of Ecology and environmental Sciences School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Faculty of environmental Geology School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences

The ability to manage and restore plant communities in the face of human-induced landscape change may rely on our ability to predict how species respond to environmental *** this response requires examining factors or their interactions that have influence on plant and resource *** objective was to analyze the relationships between changes in plant abundance and the interaction among environmental habitat factors including soil, geological(rock type), and other environmental variables in the Longhushan karst mountains *** density and dominance were examined using ANOVA, ANCOVA,and Generalized Linear Models to establish the single or combined effects of these groups of *** results showed that trends in abundance were mainly affected by rock type(related to the percentage content of dolomite and calcite), soil characteristics in association with *** plant indices were higher in dolomite dominated areas and varied positively with moisture, and elevation, but negatively with organic matter, while density also increased with slope *** results demonstrate that significant variations in species abundance was produced with the combination of variables from soil, geological, andenvironmental factors, suggesting their interaction influence on *** postulate that spatial variations in plant abundance in karst ecosystem depends on the carbonate rock type in addition to water and nutrient availability which are mainly controlled by topography and other factors such as soil texture and *** study suggests that in karst areas carbonate rock type, in addition to local environmental variables, should be taken into account when analyzing the factors that have impact on plant communities.

关键词： Interrelationship Karst soil Plant abundance Rock type Longhushan Nature Reserve

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Parameter Estimation for Hot-spot Thermal Model of Power Transformers Using Unscented Kalman Filters

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第2期11卷 634-642页

作者： MiguelÁngel González-Cagigal JoséAntonio Rosendo-Macías Antonio Gómez-Expósito Department of Electrical Engineering University of SevilleSevilleSpain ENGREEN Laboratory of Engineering for Energy and environmental sustainability SevilleSpain

This paper presents a parameter estimation technique for the hot-spot thermal model of power *** proposed technique is based on the unscented formulation of the Kalman filter,jointly considering the state variables and parameters of the dynamic thermal model.A two-stage estimation technique that takes advantage of different loading conditions is developed,in order to increase the number of parameters which can be *** results are presented,which show that the observable parameters are estimated with an error of less than 3%.The parameter estimation procedure is mainly intended for factory testing,allowing the manufacturer to enhance the thermal model of power transformers and,therefore,its customers to increase the lifetime of these *** proposed technique could be additionally considered in field applications if the necessary temperature measurements are available.

关键词： Parameter estimation power transformer unscented Kalman filter thermal model

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND MODELING OF PRESSURE LOSS FOR FOAM-CUTTINGS MIXTURE FLOW IN HORIZONTAL PIPE

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2011年第4期23卷 431-438页

作者： AMNA Gumati HIROSHI Takahshi Graduate School of environmental studies Tohoku University

In this study, we first sought to elucidate foam rheology to describe foam flow behavior, and then to experimentally investigate the pressure losses for both foam and foam-cuttings flow in a horizontal pipe by considering both varied foam qualities of 80%, 85% and 90% and foam velocities. Also, a two-layer numerical model to predict pressure loss was developed based on experimental observations of cuttings behavior. Results show that the foam behaves like a power-law fluid. Furthermore, and the pressure loss significantly increases as foam velocity increases, while the delivered cuttings concentration dramatically decreases. Moreover, results indicate that both the pressure loss and the delivered cuttings concentration increase with foam quality. Comparisons between the experimental results and numerical model predictions show satisfactory agreement.

关键词： foam rheology pressure loss horizontal pipe cuttings concentration two-layer model

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Evaluation of nitrate source in groundwater of southern part of North China Plain based on multi-isotope

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第2期22卷 610-618页

作者：方晶晶周爱国马传明刘存富蔡鹤生甘义群刘运德 School of environmental studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and environmental Geology China University of Geosciences

Nitrate pollution in groundwater is a serious water quality problem that increases the risk of developing various *** is the most important water resource and supports a population of 5 million in Anyang area of the southern part of the North China Plain. Determining the source of nitrate pollution is the challenge in hydrology area due to the complex processes of migration and transformation. A new method is presented to determine the source of nitrogen pollution by combining the composition characteristics of stable carbon isotope in dissolved organic carbon in groundwater. The source of groundwater nitrate is dominated by agricultural fertilizers, as well as manure and wastewater. Mineralization, nitrification and mixing processes occur in the groundwater recharge area, whereas the confined groundwater area is dominated by denitrification processes.

关键词： δ^12NNO3 δ^18ONO3 δ^13CDOC esophageal cancer groundwater

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