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Three-dimensional thermohaline structure estimation derived from HY-2 satellite data over the Maritime Silk Road and its applications

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第5期43卷 41-53页

作者： Zhiqiang Chen Xidong Wang Xiangyu Wu Yuan Cao Zikang He Dakui Wang Jian Chen Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting Ministry of Natural ResourcesHohai UniversityNanjing 210024China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numercial modeling Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdao 266061China National Marine environmental Forecasting center Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology Beijing 100029China

Estimated ocean subsurface fields derived from satellite observations provide potential data sources for operational marine environmental monitoring and prediction *** study employs a statistic regression reconstruction method,in combination with domestic autonomous sea surface height and sea surface temperature observations from the Haiyang-2(HY-2)satellite fusion data,to establish an operational quasi-realtime three-dimensional(3D)temperature and salinity products over the Maritime Silk *** products feature a daily temporal resolution and a spatial resolution of 0.25°×0.25°and exhibit stability and *** have demonstrated the accuracy of the reconstructed thermohaline fields in capturing the 3D thermohaline variations through comprehensive statistical evaluations,after comparing them against Argo observations and ocean analysis data from *** results illustrate that the reconstructed fields effectively represent seasonal variations in oceanic subsurface structures,along with structural changes resulting from mesoscale processes,and the upper ocean’s responses to tropical ***,the incorporation of HY-2 satellite observations notably enhances the accuracy of temperature and salinity reconstructions in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and marginally improves salinity reconstruction accuracy in the North Indian Ocean when compared to the World Ocean Atlas 2018 monthly climatology thermohaline *** a result,the reconstructed product holds promise for providing quasi-real-time 3D temperature and salinity field information to facilitate fast decisionmaking during emergencies,and also offers foundational thermohaline fields for operational ocean reanalysis and forecasting *** contributions enhance the safety and stability of ocean subsurface activities and navigation.

关键词： HY-2 satellite observations subsurface structures reconstruction Maritime Silk Road operational thermohaline product

Cloud-Type-Dependent 1DVAR Algorithm for Retrieving Hydrometeors and Precipitation in Tropical Cyclone Nanmadol from GMI Data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第3期41卷 407-419页

作者： Linjun HAN Fuzhong WENG Hao HU Xiuqing HU School of the Environment China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081China CMA Earth System modeling and Prediction Centre Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for environmental Satellites National Satellite Meteorological Center(National Center for Space Weather)of CMABeijing 100081China

Understanding the structure of tropical cyclone(TC)hydrometeors is crucial for detecting the changes in the distribution and intensity of *** this study,the GMI brightness temperature and cloud-dependent 1DVAR algorithm were used to retrieve the hydrometeor profiles and surface rain rate of TC Nanmadol(2022).The Advanced Radiative Transfer modeling System(ARMS)was used to calculate the Jacobian and degrees of freedom(△DOF)of cloud water,rainwater,and graupel for different channels of GMI in convective *** retrieval results were compared with the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar(DPR),GMI 2A,and IMERG *** is shown that from all channels of GMI,rain water has the highest△DOF,at *** to the radiance Jacobian to atmospheric state variables,cloud water emission dominates its *** rain water,the emission of channels 1–4 dominates *** with the GMI 2A precipitation product,the 1DVAR precipitation rate has a higher correlation coefficient(0.713)with the IMERG product and can better reflect the location of TC *** the TC eyewall,the highest radar echo top indicates strong *** the melting layer where Ka-band attenuation is strong,the double frequency difference of DPR data reflects the location of the *** DPR drop size distribution(DSD)product shows that there is a significant increase in particle size below the melting layer in the spiral rain ***,the particle size may be one of the main reasons for the smaller rain water below the melting layer retrieved from 1DVAR.

关键词： cloud-dependent 1DVAR hydrometeor precipitation GMI DPR

Effect of Meteorological Data Assimilation on Regional Air Quality Forecasts over the Korean Peninsula

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 262-284页

作者： Yunjae CHO Hyun Mee KIM Eun-Gyeong YANG Yonghee LEE Jae-Bum LEE Soyoung HA Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Air Quality Forecasting center National Institute of Environmental ResearchIncheon 22689Republic of Korea National center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO 80305USA University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD 21250USA Global modeling and Assimilation Office NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMD 20771USA

The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem),a type of online coupled chemistry-meteorology model(CCMM),considers the interaction between air quality and meteorology to improve air quality *** data assimilation(DA)can be used to reduce uncertainty in meteorological field,which is one factor causing prediction uncertainty in the *** this study,WRF-Chem and three-dimensional variational DA were used to examine the impact of meteorological DA on air quality and meteorological forecasts over the Korean *** nesting model domains were configured over East Asia(outer domain)and the Korean Peninsula(inner domain).Three experiments were conducted by using different DA domains to determine the optimal model domain for the meteorological *** the meteorological DA was performed in the outer domain or both the outer and inner domains,the root-mean-square error(RMSE),bias of the predicted particulate matter(PM)concentrations,and the RMSE of predicted meteorological variables against the observations were smaller than those in the experiment where the meteorological DA was performed only in the inner *** indicates that the improvement of the synoptic meteorological fields by DA in the outer domain enhanced the meteorological initial and boundary conditions for the inner domain,subsequently improving air quality and meteorological *** to the experiment without meteorological DA,the RMSE and bias of the meteorological and PM variables were smaller in the experiments with *** effect of meteorological DA on the improvement of PM predictions lasted for approximately 58-66 h,depending on the ***,the uncertainty reduction in the meteorological initial condition by the meteorological DA contributed to a reduction of the forecast errors of both meteorology and air quality.

关键词： meteorological data assimilation regional air quality forecast particulate matter concentration optimal model domain forecast error WRF-Chem

Toward a Learnable Climate Model in the Artificial Intelligence Era

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1281-1288页

作者： Gang HUANG Ya WANG Yoo-Geun HAM Bin MU Weichen TAO Chaoyang XIE State key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of environmental Planning Graduate School of Environmental StudiesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea School of Software Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Artificial intelligence(AI)models have significantly impacted various areas of the atmospheric sciences,reshaping our approach to climate-related *** this AI-driven transformation,the foundational role of physics in climate science has occasionally been *** perspective suggests that the future of climate modeling involves a synergistic partnership between AI and physics,rather than an“either/or”*** controversies around current physical inconsistencies in large AI models,we stress the critical need for detailed dynamic diagnostics and physical ***,we provide illustrative examples to guide future assessments and constraints for AI *** AI integration with numerical models,we argue that offline AI parameterization schemes may fall short of achieving global optimality,emphasizing the importance of constructing online ***,we highlight the significance of fostering a community culture and propose the OCR(Open,Comparable,Reproducible)*** a better community culture and a deep integration of physics and AI,we contend that developing a learnable climate model,balancing AI and physics,is an achievable goal.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning learnable climate model

Expanding carbon neutrality strategies:Incorporating out-ofboundary emissions in city-level frameworks

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environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第4期20卷 145-153页

作者： Zhe Zhang Mingyu Li Li Zhang Yunfeng Zhou Shuying Zhu Chen Lv Yixuan Zheng Bofeng Cai Jinnan Wang center for Carbon Neutrality Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing100043China School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China R&D and International Cooperation Office Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing100043China School of Economics and Management Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing100043China

Cities are increasingly vital in global carbon mitigation efforts,yet few have specifically tailored carbon neutrality ***,out-of-boundary indirect greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,aside from those related to electricity and heat imports,are often overlooked in existing pathways,despite their significance in comprehensive carbon mitigation *** this gap,here we introduce an integrated analysis framework focusing on both production and consumption-related GHG *** to Wuyishan,a service-oriented city in Southern China,this framework provides a holistic view of a city's carbon neutrality pathway,from a full-scope GHG emission *** findings reveal the equal importance of carbon reduction within and outside the city's boundaries,with out-of-boundary emissions accounting for 42%of Wuyishan's present total GHG *** insight highlights the necessity of including these external factors in GHG accounting and mitigation strategy *** framework serves as a practical tool for cities,particularly in developing countries,to craft effective carbon neutrality roadmaps that encompass the full spectrum of GHG emissions.

关键词： Greenhouse gas emissions Full-scope emission accounting Carbon neutrality pathway City-level

Investigation of HO_(2) uptake mechanisms onto multiple-component ambient aerosols collected in summer and winter time in Yokohama,Japan

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 18-29页

作者： Jun Zhou Yukiko Fukusaki Kentaro Murano Tania Gautam Yu Bai Yoshimi Inomata Hiroaki Komatsu Mayuko Takeda Bin Yuan Min Shao Yosuke Sakamoto Yoshizumi Kajii Institute for environmental and Climate Research Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation forenvironmental Quality Guangzhou 511443China Graduate School of Global environmental Studies Kyoto UniversityKyoto606-8501Japan Yokohama environmental Science Research Institute Yokohama Kanagawa 221–0024Japan Department of Chemistry University of AlbertaAlbertaEdmonton T6G 2G2Canada Graduate School of Human and environmental Studies Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Kanagawa environmental Research center Kanagawa 254-0014Japan center for Regional environmental Research National Institute for Environmental StudiesIbaraki305-8506Japan

The heterogeneous loss of HO_(2)radicals onto ambient aerosols plays an important role in tropospheric ***,sparse investigation of the dominating parameters controlling the HO_(2)uptake coefficients onto ambient aerosols(γHO_(2))has largely hindered the application of the measuredγHO_(2)to the global spatial *** we induced an offine method using LFP-LIF technique to measure the kinetics of HO_(2)uptake onto ambient aerosols collected in summertime and wintertime in Yokohama city,a regional urban site near Tokyo,*** controlling the dominating parameters which infuenceγHO_(2),we were able to investigate the detailed HO_(2)uptake *** characterized the chemical composition of the collected ambient aerosols,including organics,inorganics,transition metals ions,*** modeledγHO_(2)using different *** show thatγHO_(2)increased with the increase in RH,and the aerosol states(“dry”or wet/aqueous)have large effects onγHO_(2).With fixed RH and aerosol chemical composition,γHO_(2)was highly dependent on pH and inversely correlated with[HO_(2)]_*** combing the measuredγHO_(2)values with the modeled ones,we found that both the HO_(2)self-reaction and transition metal-catalyzed reactions should be accounted for to yield a single parameterization to predictγHO_(2),and different chemical compositions may have collective effects onγHO_(2).Results may serve for extending theγHO_(2)values measured at one observation site to different environmental conditions,which will help us to achieve more accurate modeling results concerning secondary pollutant formation(i.e.,ozone).

关键词： HO_(2)uptake kinetics Offine method Impacting factors Mechanism

Scientific Advances and Weather Services of the China Meteorological Administration’s National Forecasting Systems during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 767-776页

作者： Guo DENG Xueshun SHEN Jun DU Jiandong GONG Hua TONG Liantang DENG Zhifang XU Jing CHEN Jian SUN Yong WANG Jiangkai HU Jianjie WANG Mingxuan CHEN Huiling YUAN Yutao ZHANG Hongqi LI Yuanzhe WANG Li GAO Li SHENG Da LI Li LI Hao WANG Ying ZHAO Yinglin LI Zhili LIU Wenhua GUO China Meteorological Administration Earth System modeling and Prediction Centre Beijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Earth System modeling and Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China National Meteorological center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China environmental modeling center/NCEP/NWS/NOAA College ParkMD 20740USA Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044China Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089China School of Atmospheric Sciences and Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/Ministry of Education Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Tsinghua University Beijing 100084China

Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was the first Winter Olympics in history held in continental winter monsoon climate conditions across complex terrain areas,there is a deficiency of relevant research,operational techniques,and *** made providing meteorological services for this event particularly *** China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Earth System modeling and Prediction Centre,achieved breakthroughs in research on short-and medium-term deterministic and ensemble numerical *** key technologies crucial for precise winter weather services during the Winter Olympics were developed.A comprehensive framework,known as the Operational System for High-Precision Weather Forecasting for the Winter Olympics,was *** of these advancements represent the highest level of capabilities currently available in *** meteorological service provided to the Beijing 2022 Games also exceeded previous Winter Olympic Games in both variety and *** included achievements such as the“100-meter level,minute level”downscaled spatiotemporal resolution and forecasts spanning 1 to 15 *** 30 new technologies and over 60 kinds of products that align with the requirements of the Winter Olympics Organizing Committee were developed,and many of these techniques have since been integrated into the CMA’s operational national forecasting *** accomplishments were facilitated by a dedicated weather forecasting and research initiative,in conjunction with the preexisting real-time operational forecasting systems of the *** program represents one of the five subprograms of the WMO’s high-impact weather forecasting demonstration project(SMART2022),and continues to play an important role in their Regional Association(RA)II Research Development Project(Hangzhou RDP).Therefore,the research accomplishments and meteorological service experiences from this program will be carried forward into forthcoming highimpact weather

关键词： Beijing Winter Olympic Games CMA national forecasting system data assimilation ensemble forecast bias correction and downscaling machine learning-based fusion methods

Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid,a perfluorooctanoic acid alternative,induces cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish embryos

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 460-472页

作者： Sujie Sun Li Zhang Xue Li Lu Zang Ling Huang Junquan Zeng Zigang Cao Xinjun Liao Zilin Zhong Huiqiang Lu Jianjun Chen Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of OrgansCenter for Clinical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan UniversityJi’an 343009China Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional ModulationDepartment of PediatricsShanghai Fourth People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200434China State environmental Protection Key Laboratory of environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants School of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan UniversityJi’an 343009China Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan UniversityJi’an 343009China

As an increasingly used alternative to perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid(HFPO-TA)has been widely detected in global water ***,little is known regarding its toxic effects on cardiovascular ***,zebrafish embryos were treated with egg water containing 0,60,120,or 240 mg/L *** showed that HFPO-TA treatment led to a significant reduction in both larval survival percentage and heart ***,HFPO-TA exposure caused severe pericardial edema and elongation of the sinus venous to bulbus arteriosus distance(SV-BA)in Tg(myl7:GFP)transgenic larvae,disrupting the expression of genes involved in heart development and thus causing abnormal heart *** sprouting angiogenesis was observed in the 120 and 240 mg/L exposed Tg(fli:GFP)transgenic ***-TA treatment also impacted the mRNA levels of genes involved in the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway and embryonic vascular ***-TA exposure significantly decreased erythrocyte number in Tg(gata1:DsRed)transgenic embryos and influenced gene expression associated with the heme metabolism ***-TA also induced oxidative stress and altered the transcriptional levels of genes related to cell cycle and apoptosis,inhibiting cell proliferation while promoting ***,HFPO-TA exposure may induce abnormal development of the cardiovascular and hematopoietic systems in zebrafish embryos,suggesting it may not be a suitable or safe alternative for PFOA.

关键词： Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid Heart development Vascular development Hemopoiesis Zebrafish embryos

Experimental study of population density using an optimized random forest model

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第8期34卷 1636-1656页

作者： LI Lingling LIU Jinsong LI Zhi WEN Peizhang LI Yancheng LIU Yi School of Geographical Sciences Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China Hebei Technology Innovation center for Remote Sensing Identification of environmental Change Shijiazhuang 050024China Geocomputation and Planning center of Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Hebei Key Laboratory of environmental Change and Ecological Construction Shijiazhuang 050024China

Random forest model is the mainstream research method used to accurately describe the distribution law and impact mechanism of regional *** took Shijiazhuang as the research area,with comprehensive zoning based on endowments as the modeling unit,conducted stratified sampling on a hectare grid cell,and systematically carried out incremental selection experiments of population density impact factors,optimizing the population density random forest model throughout the process(zonal modeling,stratified sampling,factor selection,weighted output).The results are as follows:(1)Zonal modeling addresses the issue of confusion in population distribution laws caused by a single *** on a grid cell not only ensures the quality of training data by avoiding the modifiable areal unit problem(MAUP)but also attempts to mitigate the adverse effects of the ecological *** sampling ensures the stability of population density label values(target variable)in the training sample.(2)Zonal selection experiments on population density impact factors help identify suitable combinations of factors,leading to a significant improvement in the goodness of fit(R^(2))of the zonal models.(3)Weighted combination output of the population density prediction dataset substantially enhances the model's robustness.(4)The population density dataset exhibits multi-scale superposition *** a large scale,the population density in plains is higher than that in mountainous areas,while on a small scale,urban areas have higher density compared to rural *** optimization scheme for the population density random forest model that we propose offers a unified technical framework for uncovering local population distribution law and the impact mechanisms.

关键词： population density random forest model endowment zones stratified sampling factor selection weighted output