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Bimetallic Single‑Atom Catalysts for Water Splitting

Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 1-45页

作者： Megha A.Deshmukh Aristides Bakandritsos Radek Zbořil Nanotechnology centre Centre for Energy and Environmental TechnologiesVŠB–Technical University of Ostrava17.listopadu 2172/1570800 Ostrava‑PorubaCzech Republic Regional centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute(CATRIN)Palacky University OlomoucŠlechtitelů241/2778371 Olomouc–HoliceCzech Republic

Green hydrogen from water splitting has emerged as a critical energy vector with the potential to spearhead the global transition to a fossil fuel-independent *** field of catalysis has been revolutionized by single-atom catalysts(SACs),which exhibit unique and intricate interactions between atomically dispersed metal atoms and their ***,bimetallic SACs(bimSACs)have garnered significant attention for leveraging the synergistic functions of two metal ions coordinated on appropriately designed *** offer an avenue for rich metal–metal and metal–support cooperativity,potentially addressing current limitations of SACs in effectively furnishing transformations which involve synchronous proton–electron exchanges,substrate activation with reversible redox cycles,simultaneous multi-electron transfer,regulation of spin states,tuning of electronic properties,and cyclic transition states with low activation *** review aims to encapsulate the growing advancements in bimSACs,with an emphasis on their pivotal role in hydrogen generation via water *** subsequently delve into advanced experimental methodologies for the elaborate characterization of SACs,elucidate their electronic properties,and discuss their local coordination ***,we present comprehensive discussion on the deployment of bimSACs in both hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction,the two half-reactions of the water electrolysis process.

关键词： Single-atom catalysts Single-atom dimers Hydrogen evolution Oxygen evolution Water splitting

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Experimental determination of Cd^2＋ adsorption mechanism on low-cost biological waste

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第3期7卷 356-364页

作者： Farhah Amalya ISMAIL Ahmad Zaharin ARIS environmental forensics research centre Faculty of Environmental Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Malaysia

Carbonate shells have an astonishing ability in the removal of Cd^2＋ in a short time period with emphasis on being a low cost adsorbent. In the present study, the sorption capacity of carbonate shells was studied for Cd^2＋ in batch experiments. The influence of different carbonate shell sizes and physico-chemical factors were evaluated and the results were analyzed for its correlation matrices by using Predictive Analytics Software （PASW）. The miner- alogy state of aqueous solution regarding the saturation index was simulated using PHREEQC to identify the Cd^2＋ uptake mechanism. The Cd uptake rates were calculated as well as Ca^2＋, HCO3- concentration, pH, ambient humidity and temperature were measured. Cd2＋ removal of 91.52% was achieved after 5 h adsorption. The adsorption efficiencies were significantly influenced by pH as they increased with the increase of pH from acidic solution （5.50±0.02） to slightly alkaline （7.60±0.05）. In addition, the mineralogy state of aqueous solution calculated from PHREEQC confirmed that the increment of Ca^2＋ and HCO3- concentrations in solution was attributed to the dissolution of carbonate shells. Moreover, the ion exchange adsorption mechanism of Cd^2＋ toward Ca^2＋ was identified as the process involved in Cd^2＋ uptake.

关键词： carbonate shell cadmium heavy metal,adsorption mechanism saturation state

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Geoaccumulation and distribution of heavy metals in the urban river sediment

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International Journal of Sediment research 2014年第3期29卷 368-377页

作者： Nur Aliaa SHAFIE Ahmad Zaharin ARIS Hazzeman HARIS environmental forensics research centre Faculty of Environmental StudiesUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia

Current study presents the application of chemometric techniques to comprehend the interrelations among sediment variables whilst identifying the possible pollution source at Langat River,*** sediment samples（0-10 cm）were collected at 22 sampling stations and analyzed for total metals(48Cd,29Cu,30Zn,82Pb),pH,redox potential（Eh）,salinity,electrical conductivity（EC）,loss on ignition（LOI）and cation exchange capacity（CEC）.The principal component analysis（PCA）scrutinized the origin of environmental pollution by various anthropogenic and natural activities:four principal components were obtained with 86.34%（5 cm）and88.34%（10 cm）.Standard,forward and backward stepwise discriminant analysis effectively discriminate 2variables（84.06%）indicating high variation of heavy metals accumulation at both *** cluster analysis accounted for high input of Zn and Pb at LA8,LA 10,LA 11 and LA 12 that mergers three（5 cm）and four（10cm）into *** is consistent with the contamination factor（C1）that shows high Cd（LA 1）and Pb（LA 7,LA 8,LA 10,LA 11 and LA 12）contaminations at *** indicate that Pb and Zn are the most bioavailable metals in the sediment with significant positive linear relationship at both sediment ***,this approach is a good indication of environmental pollution status that transfers new findings on the assessment of heavy metals by interpreting large complex datasets and predicting the fate of heavy metals in the sediment.

关键词： Heavy metals Principal Component Analysis Cluster Analysis River Sediment

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Interannual variability of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation over the northwestern Pacific influenced by the Pacific Meridional Mode

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 6-11页

作者： Haoyu Zhou Pang-Chi Hsu Lin Chen Yitian Qian Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingChina

During the boreal summer,intraseasonal oscillations exhibit significant interannual variations in intensity over two key regions:the central-western equatorial Pacific(5°S-5°N,150°E-150°W)and the subtropical Northwestern Pacific(10°-20°N,130°E-175°W).The former is well-documented and considered to be influenced by the ENSO,while the latter has received comparatively less attention and is likely influenced by the Pacific Meridional Mode(PMM),as suggested by partial correlation analysis *** elucidate the physical processes responsible for the enhanced(weakened)intraseasonal convection over the subtropical northwestern Pacific during warm(cold)PMM years,the authors employed a moisture budget *** findings reveal that during warm PMM years,there is an increase in summer-mean moisture over the subtropical northwestern *** increase interacts with intensified vertical motion perturbations in the region,leading to greater vertical moisture advection in the lower troposphere and consequently resulting in convective *** a process is pivotal in amplifying intraseasonal convection *** observational findings were further verified by model experiments forced by PMM-like sea surface temperature patterns.

关键词： Boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation Interannual variability Pacific Meridional Mode Moisture budget analysis

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Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon C.Smith Jessica L.Williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(CNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

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Surface embedded binary Co-Cu hydroxy phosphate over surface of oxy/hydroxides for efficient nitrate reduction to ammonia

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Nano research 2025年第1期18卷 195-207页

作者： Chun Zhu Yifei Yang Yike Jing Zhen Zeng Xuesong Yi Wei Sun Fei Yang Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province School of Environmental Science and EngineeringHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction(NO3RR)to ammonia is a promising approach to address excess Ncontamination in aqueous environment but suffers from a limited ammonia yield and selectivity due to the low concentration and sluggish *** work reports a three-dimensional porous electrode with binary Co_(2)Cu_(1)hydroxy phosphate embedded into the surface of Ni_(3)Co_(1)oxy/hydroxides(CoCu-PH@NiCo/Ni,“PH”means phosphate-hydroxide),which delivers a yield of 4.13 mg·h^(-1)·cm^(-2)with a high Faraday efficiency of 92.6%under a low nitrate concentration of 40 mM and provide an impressive *** embedded structure of the as-prepared catalyst exhibits unique metal coordination ligands and valence states different from the unitary *** electrochemical in situ infrared spectra and theoretical calculations revealed that the Co sites with the ability to dissociate water molecular to form adsorbed OH*can effectively provide the required protons for the deoxygenation and hydrogenation steps during NO3-conversion,thereby,effectively reducing the energy barrier of the key transition states in the NO3RR process to improve the intrinsic *** demonstrate that the rational design of binary components with the appropriate ability to activate water molecules as well as the threedimensional porous skeletal structure are expected to promote effectively the low-concentration nitrates conversion to ammonia.

关键词： nitrate reduction hydroxy phosphate surface embedded water dissociation active hydroxy adsorbed

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Risk assessment for the daily intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the ingestion of cockle (Anadara granosa) and exposure to contaminated water and sediments along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2011年第2期23卷 336-345页

作者： Seiedeh Aghileh Mirsadeghi Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria Chee Kong Yap Azadeh Shahbazi centre of Excellence for environmental forensics Faculty of Environmental StudiesUniversity Putra Malaysia43400 UPMSerdangSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Science Department of BiologyUniversity Putra Malaysia43400 UPMSerdangSelangorMalaysia

The concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （c-PAHs） present in the sediment and water of Peninsular Malaysia as well as in the cockle Anadara granosa was investigated. Samples were extracted and analysed with gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The concentrations of total carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （t-PAHs） were measured between 0.80±0.04 to 162.96 ±14.74 ng/g wet weight （ww） in sediment, between 21.85± 2.18 to 76.2± 10.82 ng/L in water samples and between 3.34 ±0.77 to 46.85 ± 5.50 ng/g ww in the cockle tissue. The risk assessment of probable human carcinogens in the Group B2 PAHs was calculated and assessed in accordance with the standards of the United States environmental Protection Agency （US EPA）. Case I in the toxicity assessment analysed the cancer risk to consumers of Malaysian blood cockle. Case II assessed the risk of cancer from exposure to PAHs from multiple pathways. The average cancer risk of case I and case II were found to be classifiable as unsafe according to the US EPA standard. The cancer risk due to c-PAHs acquired by the ingestion of blood cockle was （8.82 ± 0.54） × 10^ 6 to （2.67 ± 0.06） × 10^-2, higher than the US EPA risk management criterion. The non-cancer risks associated with multiple pathways in Kuala Gula, Kuala Juru and Kuala Perlis were higher than the US EPA safe level, but the non-cancer risk for eating blood cockle was below the level of US EPA concern.

关键词： toxicity assessment carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons group B2 of US EPA Anadara granosa

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THEORETICAL,NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF WATER HAMMER IN PIPE SYSTEM WITH COLUMN SURGE CHAMBER

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2003年第5期15卷 20-28页

作者： Tan Soon Keat ENV-NTU environmental Engineering research centre

A new kind of governing equations for water hammer based on the elasticcolumn theory was proposed and adopted to analyse water hammer phenomenon in the pipe system with avertical column surge chamber and water level fluctuation in the surge chamber during pressuretransient. The wrongness existing in the classical governing equations for water hammer wasanalysed. A typical reservoir-valve pipe system was chosen as an example to verify the new governingequations numerically and experimentally. The finite difference method based on the method ofcharacteristics was used to solve numerically the nonlinear characteristic equations. The temporalevolutions of transient volume flux and head and of water level fluctuation for various surgechamber configurations were worked out, assuming that the air in the surge chamber are *** relevant experiment was conducted to verify the new governing equations and numerical *** numerical and experimental results show that the new governing equations are valid and theconventional assumption that the pressure head at the base of a surge chamber equals that of thestatic head above it during pressure transient is not always valid. The surge chamber generallyreises the period of transient pressure wave in pipe system, reduces the maximum pressure envelopeand lifts the minimum envelope substantially. The water level fluctuation in the surge chamber wasnumerically and experimentally observed. Increasing the size of the surge chamber and/or decreasingthe initial air pressure in the surge chamber enhance the effectiveness of the surge chamber insuppressing pressure wave.

关键词： water hammer vertical column surge chamber pipe system

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Depth profiles of lithogenic and anthropogenic mercury in the sediments from Thane Creek,Mumbai,India

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International Journal of Sediment research 2014年第3期29卷 431-439页

作者： S.K.SAHU R.C.BHANGARE M.TIWARI P.Y.AJMAL G.G.PANDIT environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre environmental.Monitoring and Assessment Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

Mercury(Hg) is well known as one of the most toxic elements to *** coastal environments adjacent to industrial areas are reported to often be contaminated with *** becomes more toxic in the form of methylmercury(Me-Hg) which is converted from inorganic mercury in aqueous systems by microbial activity and can bio-magnify through the food chain.A simple method for the determination of total mercury and methylmercury in sediments was optimized by slightly modifying an old method using the direct mercury analyzer *** sediment samples from Thane Creek,Mumbai,India were collected and analysed for total mercury and *** Hg concentration in the creek varied between 0.54 to 16.03 μg gwhile Me-Hg concentrations ranged between0.04 to 1.07 μg *** surface sediment,mercury concentrations ranged from 4.33 μg gto 12.16μg *** organic carbon content was found to be around 2 percent in different layers of the *** enrichment factors,which indicate the extent of pollution in sediments,were estimated to range from 26 to 50 at different locations in the *** and anthropogenic concentrations of mercury in the creek were also determined to compare the impact of anthropogenic and natural *** inventories were about 5-70 times more in concentration than the lithogenic in the different core sediments.

关键词： Total mercury Methylmercury Enrichment factor Anthropogenic concentration TOC

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Electrochemical conversion of methane to bridge the gap in the artificial carbon cycle

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 286-308页

作者： Yuhao Peng Yuefeng Song Ihar Razanau Juanxiu Xiao Wei Xiao Di Hu Guoxiong Wang College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Physical-Chemical Technologies SSPA Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University Department of Chemical and environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China

Methane, an abundant one-carbon（C1） resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO2emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane（ECM） using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO2emission.

关键词： Methane Electrochemical conversion Reaction mechanism Catalyst design Electrode Electrocatalysis

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