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Abundance of volatile organic compounds in white ash phloem and emerald ash borer larval frass does not attract Tetrastichus planipennisi in a Y-tube olfactometer

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Insect Science 2016年第5期23卷 712-719页

作者： Yigen Chen Michael D. Ulyshen Therese M. Poland Department of entomology Michigan State University 288 Farm Lane Natural Science Building Room 243 East Lansing MI 48824 Department of entomology and nematology University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USDA Forest Service 320 Green Street Athens GA 30602 USDA Forest Service 3101 Technology Blvd. Suite F Lansing M148910 USA

Many natural enemies employ plant- and/or herbivore-derived signals for host/prey location. The larval parasitoid Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang （Hymenoptera： Eulophidae） is 1 of 3 biocontrol agents currently being released in an effort to control the emerald ash borer （EAB）, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire （Coloeptera： Burprestidae） in North America. To enhance its efficiency, allelochemicals that attract it need to be assessed. In this study, ash phloem volatile organic compounds （VOCs） of black, green, and white ash, and EAB larval frass were compared. Foraging behavior of T. planipennisi females in response to VOCs of white ash or frass from EAB larvae feeding on white ash phloem was tested using a Y-tube olfactometer. Results indicated that the 3 ash species had similar VOC profiles. EAB larval frass generally contained greater levels of VOCs than phloem. Factor analysis indicated that the 11 VOCs could be broadly divided into 2 groups, with c^-bisabolol, fl-caryophyllene, （E）-2-hexenal, （Z）-3-hexenal, limonene, methyl benzoate, methyl indole-3-acetic acid, methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate as the first group and the rest （i.e., methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate） as a second. Abundance of VOCs in white ash phloem tissue and frass, nevertheless, did not attract T. planipennisi females. The concealed feeding of EAB larvae might explain the selection for detectable and reliable virbrational signals, instead of undetectable and relatively unreliable VOC cues from phloem and frass, in short-range foraging by T. planipennisi. Alternatively, it is possible that T. planipennisi is not amenable to the Y-tube olfactometer assay employed.

关键词： Agrilus planipennis biological control Fraxinus invasive species semiochemical

Identification of heat shock cognate protein 70 gene （Alhsc70） of Apolygus lucorum and its expression in response to different temperature and pesticide stresses

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Insect Science 2016年第1期23卷 37-49页

作者： Yang Sun Jing Zhao Yang Sheng Ying-Fang Xiao Yong-Jun Zhang Li-Xin Bai Yongan Tan Liu-Bin Xiao Guang-Chun Xu Institute of Plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing China Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China entomology and nematology Mid-Florida Research and Education Center University of Florida Apopka Florida USA

Heat shock cognate protein 70 （Hsc70） is a very important stress-resistance protein of insects against environmental stresses. We employed fluorescent real-time quan- titative polymerase chain reaction and Western-blot techniques to analyze the transcrip- tional and translational expression profiles of AIHSC70 under extreme temperature （4℃ and 40℃） or 4 pesticide stresses in Apolygus lucorum. The results showed that the expres- sion of AIHSC70 were significantly induced by cyhalothrin or extremely high temperature （40℃） in both transcriptional and translational levels （P 〈 0.05）, while the transcriptional and translational level of AIHSC70 decreased significantly in treatments of chlorpyrifos or extreme cold temperature （4℃）（P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, afterApolygus lucorum treated by imidacloprid or emamectin benzoate, the expression of AIHSC70 was only up-regulated significantly at the transcriptional level （P 〈 0.05）, although obviously up-regulated at the translational level of AIHSC70. Therefore, this study confirmed that the Alhsc70 gene played important roles in response to both temperature and pesticide stresses, especially for cyhalothrin or extremely high temperature （40℃）. In addition, the significant polynomial regression correlations between temperature and the Alhsc70 expression level were shown in all the nymph and adult stages （P 〈 0.01）, indicating temperature was an important factor to affect the relative expression of Alhsc70.

关键词： Apolygus lucorum expression files extreme temperature hsc70 pesticide

Insecticide toxicity associated with detoxification enzymes and genes related to transcription of cuticular melanization among color morphs of Asian citrus psyllid

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 843-852页

作者： Xue Dong Chen Torrence A. Gill Chi D.Nguyen Nabil Killiny Kirsten S.Pelz-Stelinski Lukasz L.Stelinski entomology and nematology Department Citrus Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaLake AlfredFloridaUSA Environmental Horticulture Department Mid-Florida Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaApopkaFloridaUSA Plant Pathology Department Citrus Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaLake AlfredFloridaUSA

The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) is known to exhibit abdominal color polymorphisms. In the current study, susceptibility to four insecticides was compared among orange/yellow, blue/green and gray/brown color morphs of field collected D. citri. The LD50 values and 95% fiducial limits were quantified for each insecticide and color morph combination and ranged between 0.10 ng/μL (0.06-0.10) and 6.16 ng//μL (3.30-12.50). Second, we measured the detoxification enzyme activity levels of orange/yellow, blue/green and gray/brown color morphs for cytochrome P450, glutathione "S-transferase, and general esterase. The mean P450 activity (equivalent units) was significantly lower in gray/brown (0.152 ± 0.006) and blue/green morphs (0.149 ± 0.005) than in the orange/yellow morphs (0.179 ± 0.008). GST activity (/imol/min/mg protein) was significantly lower in the orange/yellow morph (299.70 ± 1.24) than gray/brown (350.86 ± 1.19) and blue/green (412.25 ±1.37) morphs. The mean EST activity (/xmol/min/mg protein) was significantly higher in blue/green (416.72±5.12) and gray/brown morphs (362.19 ± 4.69) than in the orange/yellow morphs (282.56 ± 2.93). Additionally, we analyzed the relative expression of assortment genes involved in cuticular melanization and basal immunity. The transcripts of Dopa Decarboxylase and Tyrosine Hydroxylase were expressed higher in blue/green and gray/brown than orange/yellow morphs. The transcription results paralleled the susceptibility of *** to organophosphate, neonicotinoid and pyrethroid insecticides. GST and EST activity may also be correlated with low levels of insecticide susceptibility. Cuticular melanization could be a factor for the development of resistance to insecticides among different color morphs.

关键词： cuticular melanization cytochrome P450 esterase gene expression glutathione .S-transferase insecticide susceptibility

Genetic variation and potential coinfection of Wolbachia among widespread Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) populations

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Insect Science 2019年第4期26卷 671-682页

作者： Chia-Ching Chu Mark Hoffmann W. Evan Braswell Kirsten S. Pelz-Stelinski Department of entomology and nematology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA Citrus Research and Education Center University of Florida Lake Alfred Florida USA 3Department of Horticultural Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA Center for Plant Health Science and Technology USDA APHIS Edinburg Texas USA

Wolbachia can profoundly influence the survival, reproduction, and defenses of insect hosts. These interactions could potentially be harnessed for managing pests or insecttransmitted diseases. Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is a phloem-feeding pest capable of transmitting the putative causal agent of citrus greening, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Like many insects, D. citri is also infected with Wolbachia (wDi). Recent studies indicate that the relative abundance of wDi could be associated with the abundance of CLas, and that wDi may contribute to regulating expression of phage lytic cycle genes in CLas, suggesting the need for better understanding of wDi biology in general. This study investigated the genetic diversity of wDi among D. citri in populations spanning eleven countries and two U.S. territories. Six Wolbachia genes, wsp, ***, gatB, and hep A, were sequenced and compared across samples. Two prevalent wDi strains were identified across the samples, and screening of clone libraries revealed possible coinfection of wDi strains in specific populations. D. citri mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (mtCOI) were more divergent between D. citri populations that were infected with different wDi strains or had different infection statuses (single infection vs. coinfection). While we could not eliminate the possibility that maternal transmission may contribute to such patterns, it is also possible that wDi may induce cytoplasmic incompatibility in their host. These fin dings should contribute to the understanding of wDi population ecology, which may facilitate manipulation of this endosymbiont for management of citrus greening disease worldwide.

关键词： bacteria genetic diversity Huanglongbing plant disease superinfection vertically transmitted endosymbionts

Plasticity of mycangia in Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles

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Insect Science 2019年第4期26卷 732-742页

作者： You Li Yong-Ying Ruan Edward L. Stanley James Skelton Jiri Hulcr School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base Shenzhen Polytechnic Shenzhen. Guangdong. China Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA entomology and nematology Department University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

Insects that depend on microbial mutualists evolved a variety of organs to transport the microsymbionts while dispersing. The ontogeny and variability of such organs is rarely studied, and the microsymbiont*s effects on the animal tissue development remain unknown in most cases. Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae or Platypodinae) and their mutualistic fungi are an ideal system to study the animalfungus interactions. While the interspecific diversity of their fungus transport organ一 mycangia—is well-known, their developmental plasticity has been poorly described. To determine the ontogeny of the mycangium and the influence of the symbiotic fungus on the tissue development, we dissected by hand or scanned with micro-CT the mycangia in various developmental stages in five Xylosandrus ambrosia beetle species that possess a large, mesonotal mycangium: Xylosandrus amputatus. Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, Xylosandrus discolor, and Xylosandrus germanus. We processed 181 beetle samples from the United States and China. All five species displayed three stages of the mycangium development:(1) young teneral adults had an empty, deflated and cryptic mycangium without fungal mass;(2) in fully mature adults during dispersal, the promesonotal membrane was inflated, and most individuals developed a mycangium mostly filled with the symbiont, though size and symmetry varied;and (3) after successful establishment of their new galleries, most females discharged the bulk of the fun gal inoculum and deflated the mycangium. Experimental aposymbiotic individuals demonstrated that the pronotal membrane invaginated independently of the presence of the fungus, but the fungus was required for inflation. Mycangia are more dynamic than previously thought, and their morphological changes correspond to the phases of the symbiosis. Importantly, studies of the fungal symbionts or plant pathogen transmission in ambrosia beetles need to consider which developmen

关键词： callow micro-CT mycangium symbiont-induced symbiosis teneral

Chemical and behavioral analysis of the cuticular hydrocarbons from Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 367-378页

作者： Rajinder S. Mann Russell L. Rouseff Jack Smoot Nandikeswara Rao Wendy L. Meyer Stephen L. Lapointe Paul S. Robbins Dong Cha Charles E. Linn Francis X. Webster Siddharth Tiwari Lukasz L. Stelinski entomology and nematology Department Citrus Research and Education Center University of Florida Flavor and Volatile Analysis Group Citrus Research and Education Center University of Florida Lake Alfred FL 33850 USA National Research Center for Citrus Nagpur Maharashtra India USDA-ARS US Horticultural Research Laboratory Fort Pierce FL 34945 Department of entomology NYS Agricultural Experiment Station Cornell University Geneva NY 14456 Department of Chemistry State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY 13210 USA

Huanglongbing （HLB） is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama （Hemiptera： Psyllidae）, is the vector of the phloem-inhabiting bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, which is presumed to cause HLB in Florida citrus. Laboratory and field studies were conducted to examine the behavioral responses of male and female D. cirri to their cuticular extracts. In olfactometer assays, more male D. citri were attracted to one, five, or 10 female cuticular extract equivalent units than blank controls. The results were confirmed in field studies in which clear or yellow traps baited with 10 female cuticular extract equivalent units attracted proportionately more males than clear traps baited with male cuticular extract or unbaited traps. Analyses of cuticular constituents of male and female D. citri revealed differences between the sexes in chemical composition of their cuticular extracts. Laboratory bioassays with synthetic chemicals identified from cuticular extracts indicated that dodecanoic acid attracted more males than clean air. Traps baited with dodecanoic acid did not increase total catch olD. citri as compared with blank traps at the dosages tested; however, the sex ratio ofpsyllid catch was male biased on traps baited with the highest lure loading dosage tested （10.0 mg）.

关键词： citrus cuticular hydrocarbon dodecanoic acid Huanglongbing semiochemical

Factors shaping life history traits of two proovigenic parasitoids

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 297-306页

作者： Michal SEGOLI Shucun SUN Dori ENAVA Jay A.ROSENHEIM Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevMidreshet Ben-GurionIsrael Department of Ecology School of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina Embrapa Clima Temperado(Embrapa Temperate Agriculture) PelotasRio Grande do SulBrazil Department of entomology and nematology University of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA

What shapes the relative investment in reproduction versus survival of organisms is among the key questions in life *** insects mature all their eggs prior to emergence and are short lived,providing a unique opportunity to quantify their lifetime investments in the different *** investigated the initial eggloads and longevity of 2 proovigenic parasitoid wasps:Anagrus erythroneurae and Anagrus daanei,(Hymenoptera:Mymaridae)that develop within leafhopper eggs in both agricultural vineyards and natural riparian habitats in Northern *** collected Vitis *** containing developing parasitoids from 3 natural sites(Knight Landing,American River and Putah Creek)and 3 agricultural vineyards(Solano Farm,Davis Campus and Village Homes).We recorded eggloads at parasitoid emergence and female parasitoid longevity with or without *** predicts that parasitoids from vineyards(where hosts are abundant)would have higher initial eggloads and lower longevity compared with parasitoids from riparian habitats(where hosts are scarce).Although host density and parasitoid eggloads were,indeed,higher in vineyards than in riparian habitats,parasitoid longevity did not follow the predicted *** without feeding differed among field sites,but it was not affected by habitat type(natural vs agricultural),whereas longevity with feeding was not significantly affected by any of the examined ***,longevity was positively,rather than negatively,correlated with eggloads at the individual level,even after correcting for parasitoid body *** combined results suggest a more complex allocation mechanism than initially predicted,and the possibility of variation in host quality that is independent of size.

关键词： Anagrus parasitoids eggload leafhoppers life-history tradeoffs longevity

Tecia solanivora infestation increases tuber starch accumulation in Pastusa Suprema potatoes

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第11期60卷 1083-1096页

作者： Pavan Kumar Etzel Garrido Kun Zhao Yi Zheng Saleh Alseekh Erandi Vargas-Ortiz Alisdair R.Fernie Zhangjun Fei Katja Poveda Georg Jander Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research 533 Tower RoadIthacaNY 14853USA Department of entomology Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Wissenschaftspark GolmAm Muhlenberg 114476 PotsdamGermany department of entomology and nematology university of floridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA unidad de microbiologia basica y aplicada facultad de ciencias naturalesuniversidad autonoma de queretaroAv.de las Ciencias SINJuriquillaquerdtaroMdxico department of molecular biology institute for scientific and technological research of san luis potosiMexico

In response to infestation with larvae of the Guatemalan tuber moth （Tecia solanivora）, some Solanum tuberosum （potato） varieties exhibit an overcompensa- tion response, whereby the total dry mass of uninfested tubers is increased. Here, we describe early responses, within the first few days, of T. solanivora feeding, in the Colombian potato variety Pastusa Suprema. Non- targeted metabolite profiling showed significant second- ary metabolism changes in T. solanivora-infested tubers, but not in uninfested systemic tubers. In contrast, changes in primary metabolism were greater in unin- fested systemic tubers than in the infested tubers, with a notable 80% decline in systemic tuber sucrose levels within 1 d of T. solanivora infestation. This suggested either decreased sucrose transport from the leaves or increased sink strength, i.e., more rapid sucrose to starch conversion in the tubers. Increased sucrose synthesis was indicated by higher rubisco activase and lower starch synthase gene expression in the leaves of infested plants. Elevated sink strength was demonstrated by 45% more total starch deposition in systemic tubers of T. solanivord- infested plants compared to uninfested control plants. Thus, rather than investing in increased defense of uninfested tubers, Pastusa Suprema promotes deposition of photoassimilates in the form of starch as a response to T. solanivora infestation.

关键词： Tecia solanivora infestation increases tuber starch accumulation in Pastusa Suprema potatoes Figure

Avoidance of parasitized host by female wasps of Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera:Braconidae):The role of natal rearing effects and host availability?

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1035-1044页

作者： Ming-Zhen Pan Tong-Xian Liu Christian Nansen Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops Ministry of Agriculture /Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSine-American Biological Control LaboratoryBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of AgricultureNorthwest A and F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina Department of entomology and nematology University of California DavisCAUSA

Natal rearing experience of animals may affect their behaviors,such as habitat selection and oviposition *** part of the overall fitness of insect parasitoids, successful host discrimination (distinguishing parasitized hosts from unparasitized hosts) is of paramount *** this study we examined whether and how parasitoids' natal rearing experience would affect their host discrimination ability according to host *** established separate colonies ofAphidius gifuensis Ashmead by continual rearing on two hosts,Sitobion avenae E and Myzuspersicae (Suzler),and quantified self superparasitism and self superparasitism versus parasitism ratio for the four:combinations ofparasitoid colonies and host species (*** and ***)at four host densities (30,50,100 or 150 per plant).Results showed that self superparasitism *** by *** reared on *** was significantly higher than by those reared on ***,no matter whether the host densities were 30,50,100 or *** gifuensis reared on *** significantly superparasitized more *** than those reared on *** only when host density was *** superparasitism versus parasitism ratio of *** from both colonies was always lower on natal hosts than on new hosts,and the difference was more pronounced as the host density *** results suggested that natal rearing effects is important on host discrimination and oviposition decision of the parasitoid *** effects promoted the parasitoid's host adaptation and made them confer greater fitness.

关键词： host discrimination Myzus persicae self superparasitism Sitobion avenae